Chaff collection reduces seed dispersal of wild oat (Avena fatua) by a combine harvester

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. Shirtliffe ◽  
Martin H. Entz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Collection System ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Combine Harvesters

Combine harvesters have the potential to disperse weed seeds great distances. Reducing this dispersal may be important in an integrated weed management system. The objectives of this study were to determine the distance that wild oat seeds are dispersed by a combine harvester and the effect of chaff collection on combine harvester seed dispersal. This was measured by sampling wild oat seeds at varying distances behind a combine equipped with a removable chaff collection system after it passed through a wild oat patch. Chaff collection consistently reduced the amount and distance that wild oat seeds were dispersed. This occurred because more than 74% of the total wild oat seed that were ejected from the combine were in the chaff. Because most of the chaff falls in a row directly behind the combine, chaff collection only affected dispersal in this area. In 1996, chaff collection reduced wild oat seed dispersal past the wild oat patch to less than 10 seeds m−2at 45 m, whereas without chaff collection, there was greater than 10 seeds m−2up to 145 m. At distances beyond 145 m, chaff collection had no significant effect on seed dispersal. Chaff collection may be an important tool in an integrated weed management program because it may slow weed invasions and reduce the expansion of weed patches.

Competitive ability of hybrid and open-pollinated canola (Brassica napus) with wild oat (Avena fatua)

2002 ◽  
Vol 82 (2) ◽  
pp. 473-480 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Zand ◽  
H. J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Weed Interference ◽  
High Plant Density

The competitiveness of three hybrid and three open-pollinated canola cultivars against two wild oat populations was determined under controlled environment conditions at two plant densities and five canola:wild oat ratios (100:0, 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, 0:100). Analysis of replacement series and derivation of relative crowding coefficients (RCC), based on shoot dry weight or leaf area, indicated that hybrid canola cultivars were twice as competitive than open-pollinated cultivars when weed interference was relatively high (i.e., high plant density and vigorous wild oat growth). Little difference in competitiveness among cultivar types was apparent when weed interference was lower. The results of this study suggest that hybrid canola cultivars may be best suited for use in an integrated weed management program, particularly for farmers of organic or low input cropping systems. Key words: Hybrid canola, Brassica napus, Avena fatua, replacement series, competition

Response of Triallate-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua) to Alternative Herbicides

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 258-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
John T. O'Donovan ◽  
M. Paul Sharma ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
Denise Maurice
Keyword(s):  
Dose Response ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Wild Oats ◽  
Field Crops

Wild oat populations resistant to triallate have been identified in Alberta. Dose response experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to determine if triallate-resistant wild oat was controlled by other selective wild oat herbicides. Triallate-resistant wild oat populations were effectively controlled by atrazine, ethalfluralin, fenoxaprop-P, flamprop, imazamethabenz, and tralkoxydim. EPTC and cycloate, which are chemically related to triallate, differed in their efficacy on triallate-resistant wild oats. EPTC at the 0.25x field use rate was more efficacious on triallate-resistant than triallate-susceptible wild oat. In contrast, cycloate at the 0.25 to 0.5x field use rate was less efficacious on triallate-resistant than susceptible wild oats. At higher rates, both EPTC and cycloate killed triallate-resistant wild oat populations. Growers have several herbicide choices to selectively control triallate-resistant wild oat in prairie field crops but should plan to rotate herbicides among different chemical families and adopt integrated weed management practices to reduce the risk of these wild oat populations developing resistance to other wild oat herbicides.

Patch Management of Herbicide-Resistant Wild Oat (Avena fatua)

2005 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 697-705 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh J. Beckie ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Barclay Schuba
Keyword(s):  
Seed Dispersal ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Western Canada ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Combine Harvester ◽  
Over Time

A study was conducted at a 64-ha site in western Canada to determine how preventing seed shed from herbicide-resistant wild oat affects patch expansion over a 6-yr period. Seed shed was prevented in two patches and allowed to occur in two patches (nontreated controls). Annual patch expansion was determined by seed bank sampling and mapping. Crop management practices were performed by the grower. Area of treated patches increased by 35% over the 6-yr period, whereas nontreated patches increased by 330%. Patch expansion was attributed mainly to natural seed dispersal (nontreated) or seed movement by equipment at time of seeding (nontreated and treated). Extensive seed shed from plants in nontreated patches before harvest or control of resistant plants by alternative herbicides minimized seed movement by the combine harvester. Although both treated and nontreated patches were relatively stable over time in this cropping system, preventing seed production and shed in herbicide-resistant wild oat patches can markedly slow the rate of patch expansion.

Growth, competitiveness, and seed germination of triallate/difenzoquat-susceptible and -resistant wild oat populations

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 303-312 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. O'Donovan ◽  
J. C. Newman ◽  
R. E. Blackshaw ◽  
K. N. Harker ◽  
D. A. Derksen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Germination ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Replacement Series ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight

Understanding the relative competitiveness and seed germination patterns of herbicide-resistant weeds has implications for integrated weed management. Replacement series experiments were conducted in the greenhouse to compare interspecific competition among two triallate/difenzoquat susceptible (S) and 10 resistant (R) wild oat (Avena fatua L.) populations. Each series included monocultures of each of the populations and three mixtures at relative S:R proportions of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3. Shoot dry weight tended to be greater in the R than S populations, but results were not always statistically significant at the 5% level. Leaf area was more variable, but in most cases did not differ between R and S populations. With a few exceptions, relative crowding coefficients for shoot dry weight and leaf area were similar for S and R populations indicating little or no differences in competitiveness. In field experiments where two S and five R populations were grown in competition with wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), two of the R populations produced significantly (P < 0.05) greater shoot dry weight and seed yield than the S populations. Otherwise populations did not differ significantly. In seed germination studies, the S populations consistently displayed lower cumulative germination than the R populations. The higher seed germination associated with the R populations suggests that producers should be able to manage these populations effectively with a combination of alternative herbicides and cultural practices. Key words: Avena fatua, herbicide resistance, triallate, difenzoquat, relative competitiveness, seed germination

scholarly journals The profitability of diverse crop rotations and other cultural methods that reduce wild oat (Avena fatua)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (5) ◽  
pp. 1094-1101
Author(s):  
Elwin G. Smith ◽  
K. Neil Harker ◽  
John T. O’Donovan ◽  
T. Kelly Turkington ◽  
Robert E. Blackshaw ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Hordeum Vulgare L ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Winter Crops

With the increasing resistance of wild oat (Avena fatua L.) to herbicides, there is a need to evaluate the potential of alternative cropping systems based on integrated weed management principles. A 5-yr field study at eight sites across Canada was used to evaluate the profitability of alternative cropping systems that have the potential to control wild oat using cultural practices in conjunction with herbicides. Cultural practices included twice the recommended seeding rates, fall-seeded winter crops, barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) silage, fallow, and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). Seven of the 14 cropping systems in this study did not include wild oat herbicide for three consecutive years, controlling wild oat entirely by cultural practices. Cropping system profitability varied by location. For many locations, combinations of barley silage and fall-seeded winter crops without wild oat herbicide application were as profitable as a system of canola (Brassica napus L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) with wild oat herbicide applied every year. Unprofitable systems generally included those with fallow, alfalfa, and fall-seeded winter crops in regions with rates of high winter kill. Wild oat control can be achieved with diverse cropping systems that are as profitable as conventional annual cropping that relies on herbicide control of wild oat.

Variation in postdispersal weed seed predation in a crop field

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen Spafford Jacob ◽  
David M. Minkey ◽  
Robert S. Gallagher ◽  
Catherine P. Borger
Keyword(s):  
Seed Predation ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
General Pattern ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Seed Removal ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Management Options ◽  
Cropping Season ◽  
Oat Seeds

Postdispersal weed seed predation by animals during the summer fallow period may lead to a reduction in the number of weeds that grow in the following winter cropping season. In this study, we investigated the patterns of weed seed removal, the influence of crop residue cover on seed removal, the types of granivores present and their seed preferences in a 16-ha postharvest cropping field in Western Australia during the summer months over 2 yr. Seed removal from caches was extremely variable (from 0 to 100%). Removal rates were generally highest along the edges of the field near bordering vegetation and lowest in the center of the field and within the bordering vegetation. However, there were many deviations from this general pattern. There was no change in rates of predation with different levels of residue cover. Ants or other small invertebrates were found to remove the most seeds. However, seed removal by other animals, such as rodents, was also evident. Annual ryegrass seeds were preferred over wild oat seeds, followed by wild radish pod segments. Seed harvesting was lowest in late January, peaked in February, and decreased in March. Results from this study suggest seed harvesters could reduce the number of surface seeds in the field, reducing the weed seed bank. Management options that increase the activity of the seed harvesters may lead to less variability in seed predation and could, therefore, be incorporated into an integrated weed management program.

Effects of Repeat Annual Applications of Dichlobenil on Weed Populations and Yield Components of Cranberry

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 648-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hilary A. Sandler ◽  
Joanne Mason ◽  
Wesley R. Autio ◽  
Thomas A. Bewick
Keyword(s):  
Weed Management ◽  
Fruit Set ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Leaf Biomass ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Marketable Fruit

To address grower concerns that repeated use of dichlobenil could negatively affect cranberry productivity, field studies were conducted at two commercial farms in either high weed density (HW) or low weed density (LW) areas. Data from 4 yr of repeat annual applications of 0, 1.8, and 4.5 kg ai/ha dichlobenil indicated minimal negative impact on cranberry vines. Herbicide application did not affect upright productivity, leaf biomass production, percent fruit set, or other yield parameters adversely; in addition, no improvement in these parameters was noted. Although the interaction of herbicide application with weed density on cranberry root length varied with sampling date, no consistent trend (adverse or positive) was seen. The presence of weeds, rather than herbicide application, was the important determinant of yield. Vines in LW areas produced more marketable fruit and had higher percentage of fruit set than vines growing in HW areas. Repeat annual applications of dichlobenil on commercial cranberry beds may be considered as part of a viable integrated weed management program with no adverse effect on crop growth or yield.

Effectiveness of Herbicides for Control of Hairy Vetch (Vicia villosa) in Winter Wheat

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 509-518 ◽  
Author(s):  
William S. Curran ◽  
John M. Wallace ◽  
Steven Mirsky ◽  
Benjamin Crockett
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Integrated Weed Management ◽  
Hairy Vetch ◽  
Synthetic Auxins ◽  
Als Inhibitors ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

A field experiment was conducted in 2009–2010 at Pennsylvania and Maryland locations, and repeated it in 2010–2011 to test the effectiveness of POST-applied herbicides at fall and spring timings on seeded hairy vetch in winter wheat. A total of 16 herbicide treatment combinations was tested that included synthetic auxins, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, and a protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitor. Spring applications tended to be more effective than fall applications. Among synthetic auxins, clopyralid (105 g ae ha−1) and treatments containing dicamba (140 g ae ha−1) were effective at both timings, resulting in greater than 90% hairy vetch control at wheat harvest. Pyroxsulam and prosulfuron applied at 18 g ai ha−1 provided the most effective hairy vetch control (> 90%) at both application timings among ALS inhibitors. Spring applications of several herbicides provided moderate (> 80%) to high (> 90%) levels of hairy vetch control, including: 2,4-D amine (140 g ae ha−1), mesosulfuron-methyl (15 g ai ha−1), tribenuron-methyl (13 g ai ha−1), and thifensulfuron/tribenuron-methyl treatments (16 and 32 g ai ha−1). Winter wheat injury was evaluated, but symptoms were negligible for most treatments. Winter wheat yields declined with increasing hairy vetch biomass. Fall herbicides may be prioritized to reduce hairy vetch competition during the fall and early spring growing season. Our research has established that several synthetic auxin and ALS-inhibiting herbicides, applied POST in fall or spring, can be safely used in winter wheat to control hairy vetch in an integrated weed management program.

Influence of tillage, vertical seed distribution, and pyroxasulfone application timing and rate on control of wild oat (Avena fatua L.)

2018 ◽  
Vol 98 (3) ◽  
pp. 601-608 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy R. Mangin ◽  
Linda M. Hall ◽  
Jeff J. Schoenau ◽  
Hugh J. Beckie
Keyword(s):  
Avena Fatua ◽  
Vertical Position ◽  
Wild Oat ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Oat Seeds ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Seed Distribution ◽  
Oat Biomass

Tillage and new herbicide options may be necessary for the control of herbicide-resistant wild oat. The efficacy of soil-applied herbicides such as pyroxasulfone can be influenced by edaphic factors and weed seed recruitment depth, which varies with tillage system. We investigated the effect of tillage and pyroxasulfone rate when applied in the fall and spring on wild oat biomass at three locations in Alberta in 2014–2015. The vertical position of wild oat seeds, with and without tillage, was examined at each site. Wild oat biomass was greater in untilled plots compared with plots with fall tillage at all locations. In two out of three locations, pyroxasulfone efficacy was superior when applied in the fall compared with spring, possibly influenced by low spring rainfall. A single tillage pass at the Edmonton and Kinsella locations did not affect wild oat seed distribution, but there was an increase in seeds present in the surface layer in the untilled treatment at Lacombe. Tillage, used in combination with soil-applied herbicides, may be an option to achieve acceptable control of herbicide-resistant wild oat.

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