Inheritance of picloram and 2,4-D resistance in wild mustard (Brassica kaber)

Weed Science ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mithila Jugulam ◽  
Michael D. McLean ◽  
J. Christopher Hall
Keyword(s):  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Acid Group ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Herbicide Resistance Gene ◽  
Group Resistance ◽  
Brassica Kaber ◽  
F2 Progeny

The primary goal of this research was to determine the inheritance of cross-resistance to several groups of auxinic herbicides through classical genetic approaches using auxinic herbicide–resistant (R) and –susceptible (S) wild mustard biotypes obtained from western Canada. F1 progeny were raised from crosses between homozygous auxinic herbicide–R and –S wild mustard parental lines. The F1 and F2 populations were assessed for picloram (pyridine group) and 2,4-D (phenoxyalkanoic group) resistance or susceptibility. Analyses of the F1 as well as the F2 progeny indicate that a single dominant gene confers the resistance to picloram and 2,4-D similar to an earlier report of dicamba-based (benzoic acid group) resistance in this wild mustard biotype. Furthermore, analyses of backcross progeny in this species indicate that resistance to all three auxinic herbicides, i.e., picloram, dicamba, and 2,4-D, is determined by closely linked genetic loci. With this information on inheritance of resistance to several auxinic herbicide families, the R biotype of wild mustard offers an excellent system to isolate and characterize the auxinic herbicide–resistance gene.

Growth and Seed Return of Auxin-Type Herbicide Resistant Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) in Wheat

Weed Science ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 871-878 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel J. Debreuil ◽  
Lyle F. Friesen ◽  
Ian N. Morrison
Keyword(s):  
Selection Pressure ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Recommended Dosage ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Phenoxy Herbicide ◽  
High Selection ◽  
Brassica Kaber ◽  
Very High

The growth and seed return of auxin herbicide resistant (R) wild mustard was compared to that of a susceptible (S) biotype in wheat in the field. In the absence of herbicide, the S biotype accumulated shoot dry matter more quickly than the R biotype throughout most of the growing season. However, in only one of the two years did the S biotype set substantially more seed than the R biotype (3120 versus 2520 seeds plant−1). The recommended dosage of 2,4-D for wild mustard control (420 g ai ha−1) killed all S plants in both years of the study, and severely inhibited growth and seed return of R plants. Shoot dry matter accumulation and seed return of treated R plants were reduced 75 to 90% compared to the untreated control. However, at a density of 20 plants m−2R seed return was still very high; 9000 and 5700 seeds m−2in 1992 and 1993, respectively. The recommended dosage of dicamba (300 g ha−1) did not inhibit the growth and seed return of either S or R wild mustard to the same extent as 2,4-D. Dicamba at 300 g ha−1reduced S shoot dry matter and seed return 80 to 90%, while R shoot dry matter and seed return was reduced 60 to 65%. The results of this study indicate a very high selection pressure for R wild mustard at recommended dosages of 2,4-D. Despite a high selection pressure, and considering the long history of phenoxy herbicide usage on the Prairies, the relatively rare occurrence of phenoxy herbicide resistant weeds implies that the frequency of resistant individuals is very low. From a mathematical model it was determined that the frequency of R wild mustard in an unselected population may be in the order of 10−30.

Resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus in button medic (Medicago orbicularis)

1996 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 1157 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Pathipanawat ◽  
RAC Jones ◽  
K Sivasithamparam
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Partial Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Alfalfa Mosaic Virus ◽  
Backcross Progeny ◽  
Extreme Resistance ◽  
Segregation Ratios ◽  
Backcross Populations ◽  
Systemic Hypersensitivity ◽  
F2 Progeny

Seventy-five accessions of M. orbicularis were screened for resistance to alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV) by application of viruliferous aphids to plants. Thirty of these accessions were then exposed to infection in the field and 22 were graft-inoculated. Three types of resistance to AMV were found among the different accessions. These were 'extreme resistance' in SA 15222, 'systemic hypersensitivity' in SA 2570, SA 9310, SA 10282, SA 12337, and SA 15052, and 'partial resistance', a type that was intermediate between the two, in SA 5073, SA 13905, and SA 17711. M. orbicularis accession SA 10282 (hypersensitive) was crossed reciprocally with SA 4268 (susceptible), and the resulting F1 plants were allowed to self naturally or were backcrossed with SA 4268. F2 progeny and backcross progeny plants were graft-inoculated with AMV to determine segregation ratios (hypersensitive : non hypersensitive). The ratios from both the crosses and reciprocal crosses and from the backcross populations indicated that the hypersensitive response to AMV may be controlled by a single dominant gene for hypersensitivity for which we tentatively propose the name Nam-1. M. orbicularis accessions provide a valuable source of AMV resistance for use in breeding virus-resistant cultivars of a range of useful annual medic species.

Growth and Gas Exchange of Oats (Avena sativa) and Wild Mustard (Brassica kaber) at Subambient CO2 Concentrations

1992 ◽  
Vol 153 (3, Part 1) ◽  
pp. 453-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Wayne Polley ◽  
Hyrum B. Johnson ◽  
Herman S. Mayeux
Keyword(s):  
Gas Exchange ◽  
Avena Sativa ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Seasonal cycles in germination and seedling emergence of summer and winter populations of catchweed bedstraw (Galium aparine) and wild mustard (Brassica kaber)

Weed Science ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 114-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Husrev Mennan ◽  
Mathieu Ngouajio
Keyword(s):  
Soil Depth ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Mass ◽  
Soil Surface ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Galium Aparine ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Seed Population ◽  
Brassica Kaber

Catchweed bedstraw and wild mustard each produce two populations per year: a winter population (WP) in June, and a summer population (SP) in September. Experiments were conducted to determine whether the WP and SP differ in seed mass and seasonal germination. Seeds of both weeds were buried at 0, 5, 10, and 20 cm in cultivated fields, and retrieved at monthly intervals for 24 mo for germination tests in the laboratory. Additionally, seedling emergence from seeds buried at 0, 5, and 10 cm in the field was evaluated for 1 yr. Seeds from the WP were heavier than those from the SP for both species. Germination of exhumed seeds was affected by burial depth and by seed population. It was highest for seeds that remained on the soil surface and declined with increasing depth of burial. The WP of catchweed bedstraw produced two germination peaks per year, whereas the SP and all populations of wild mustard had only one peak. The WP of both weeds germinated earlier than the SP. Seedling emergence for both species in the field was greater for the WP than for the SP. Increasing soil depth reduced seedling emergence of both the WP and SP of wild mustard and affected only the WP of catchweed bedstraw. We conclude that the WP and SP of catchweed bedstraw and wild mustard seeds used in this study differed in seed mass, seasonal germination, and seedling emergence. The ability of a WP to produce large seeds that germinate early and have two germination peaks per year could make these populations a serious problem in cropping systems.

scholarly journals Recurrent Selection with Glufosinate at Low Rates Reduces the Susceptibility of a Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum Population to Glufosinate

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 1288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maor Matzrafi ◽  
Sarah Morran ◽  
Marie Jasieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Low Rate

Repeated applications of herbicides at the labelled rates have often resulted in the selection and evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds capable of surviving the labelled and higher rates in subsequent generations. However, the evolutionary outcomes of recurrent herbicide selection at low rates are far less understood. In this study of a herbicide-susceptible population of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, we assessed the potential for low glufosinate rates to select for reduced susceptibility to the herbicide, and cross-resistance to herbicides with other modes of action. Reduced susceptibility to glufosinate was detected in progeny in comparison with the parental population following three rounds of selection at low glufosinate rates. Differences were mainly observed at the 0.5X, 0.75X, and 1X rates. Comparing the parental susceptible population and progeny from the second and third selection cycle, the percentage of surviving plants increased to values of LD50 (1.31 and 1.16, respectively) and LD90 (1.36 and 1.26, respectively). When treated with three alternative herbicides (glyphosate, paraquat, and sethoxydim), no plants of either the parental or successive progeny populations survived treatment with 0.75X or higher rates of these herbicides. The results of this study provide clear evidence that reduced susceptibility to glufosinate can evolve in weed populations following repeated applications of glufosinate at low herbicide rates. However, the magnitude of increases in resistance levels over three generations of recurrent low-rate glufosinate selection observed is relatively low compared with higher levels of resistance observed in response to low-rate selection with other herbicides (three fold and more).

scholarly journals Recurrent selection with glufosinate at low rates reduces the susceptibility of a Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum population to glufosinate

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maor Matzrafi ◽  
Sarah Morran ◽  
Marie Jasieniuk
Keyword(s):  
Lolium Perenne ◽  
Recurrent Selection ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Susceptible Population ◽  
Selection Cycle ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Repeated Applications ◽  
Resistance To Herbicides ◽  
Rate Selection ◽  
Low Rate

ABSTRACTRepeated applications of herbicides at the labelled rates have often resulted in the selection and evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds capable of surviving the labelled and higher rates in subsequent generations. However, the evolutionary outcomes of recurrent herbicide selection at low rates are far less understood. In this study of an herbicide-susceptible population of Lolium perenne ssp. multiflorum, we assessed the potential for low glufosinate rates to select for reduced susceptibility to the herbicide, and cross-resistance to herbicides with other modes of action. Reduced susceptibility to glufosinate was detected in progeny in comparison with the parental population following three rounds of selection at low glufosinate rates. Differences were mainly observed at the 0.5X, 0.75X, and 1X rates. Comparing the parental susceptible population and progeny from the second and third selection cycle, the percentage of surviving plants increased to values of LD50 (1.31 and 1.16, respectively) and LD90 (1.36 and 1.26, respectively). When treated with three alternative herbicides (glyphosate, paraquat, and sethoxydim), no plants of either the parental or successive progeny populations survived treatment with 0.75X or higher rates of these herbicides. The results of this study provide clear evidence that reduced susceptibility to glufosinate can evolve in weed populations following repeated applications of glufosinate at low herbicide rates. However, the magnitude of increases in resistance levels over three generations of recurrent low-rate glufosinate selection observed is relatively low compared with higher levels of resistance observed in response to low-rate selection with other herbicides (three fold and more).

Continuous Use of Tribenuron-Methyl Selected for Cross-Resistance to Acetolactate Synthase–inhibiting Herbicides in Wild Mustard (Sinapis arvensis)

Weed Science ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 66 (4) ◽  
pp. 424-432 ◽  
Author(s):  
Javid Gherekhloo ◽  
Zahra M. Hatami ◽  
Ricardo Alcántara-de la Cruz ◽  
Hamid R. Sadeghipour ◽  
Rafael De Prado
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Resistance Level ◽  
Sinapis Arvensis ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Golestan Province ◽  
Tribenuron Methyl

AbstractWild mustard (Sinapis arvensis L.) is a weed that frequently infests winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) fields in Golestan province, Iran. Tribenuron-methyl (TM) has been used recurrently to control this species, thus selecting for resistant S. arvensis populations. The objectives were: (1) to determine the resistance level to TM of 14 putatively resistant (PR) S. arvensis populations, collected from winter wheat fields in Golestan province, Iran, in comparison to one susceptible (S) population; and (2) to characterize the resistance mechanisms and the potential evolution of cross-resistance to other classes of acetolactate synthase (ALS)-inhibiting herbicides in three populations (AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr) confirmed as being resistant (R) to TM. The TM doses required to reduce the dry weight of the PR populations by 50% were between 2.2 and 16.8 times higher than those needed for S plants. The ALS enzyme activity assays revealed that the AL-3, G-5, and Ag-Sr populations evolved cross-resistance to the candidate ALS-inhibiting herbicides from the sulfonylureas (SU), triazolopyrimidines (TP), pyrimidinyl-thiobenzoates (PTB), sulfonyl-aminocarbonyl-triazolinone (SCT), and imidazolinones (IMI) classes. No differences in absorption, translocation, or metabolism of [14C]TM between R and S plants were observed, suggesting that these non-target mechanisms were not responsible for the resistance. The ALS gene of the R populations contained the Trp-574-Leu mutation, conferring cross-resistance to the SU, SCT, PTB, TP, and IMI classes. The Trp-574-Leu mutation in the ALS gene conferred cross-resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides in S. arvensis from winter wheat fields in Golestan province. This is the first TM resistance case confirmed in this species in Iran.

Herbicide resistance in China: a quantitative review

Weed Science ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 67 (6) ◽  
pp. 605-612 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiangying Liu ◽  
Shihai Xiang ◽  
Tao Zong ◽  
Guolan Ma ◽  
Lamei Wu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Herbicide Resistance ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Rapid Evolution ◽  
Acetolactate Synthase ◽  
Cross Resistance ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Herbicide Resistant ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Economic Boom ◽  
Meta Analyses

AbstractThe widespread, rapid evolution of herbicide-resistant weeds is a serious and escalating agronomic problem worldwide. During China’s economic boom, the country became one of the most important herbicide producers and consumers in the world, and herbicide resistance has dramatically increased in the past decade and has become a serious threat to agriculture. Here, following an evidence-based PRISMA (preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses) approach, we carried out a systematic review to quantitatively assess herbicide resistance in China. Multiple weed species, including 26, 18, 11, 9, 5, 5, 4, and 3 species in rice (Oryza sativa L.), wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.], corn (Zea mays L.), canola (Brassica napus L.), cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)., orchards, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) fields, respectively, have developed herbicide resistance. Acetolactate synthase inhibitors, acetyl-CoA carboxylase inhibitors, and synthetic auxin herbicides are the most resistance-prone herbicides and are the most frequently used mechanisms of action, followed by 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase inhibitors and protoporphyrinogen oxidase inhibitors. The lack of alternative herbicides to manage weeds that exhibit cross-resistance or multiple resistance (or both) is an emerging issue and poses one of the greatest threats challenging the crop production and food safety both in China and globally.

Controlling Broadleaf Weeds in Soybeans by Bentazon in Minnesota

Weed Science ◽  
1974 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 136-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert N. Andersen ◽  
William E. Lueschen ◽  
Dennis D. Warnes ◽  
Wallace W. Nelson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ambrosia Artemisiifolia ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Low Area ◽  
Wild Mustard ◽  
Polygonum Pensylvanicum ◽  
Brassica Kaber ◽  
Over The Top

In field studies, bentazon [3-isopropyl-1H-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-(4)3H-one 2,2-dioxide] was applied as postemergence sprays over the top of weeds and soybeans[Glycine max(L.) Merr.]. Bentazon at 0.84 to 1.68 kg/ha applied as an early postemergence treatment controlled wild mustard[Brassica kaber(DC.) L.C. Wheeler var.pinnatifida(Stokes) L.C. Wheeler], common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifoliaL.), velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrastiMedic.), Pennsylvania smartweed, (Polygonum pensylvanicumL.), common cocklebur (Xanthium pensylvanicumWallr.), and wild common sunflower (Helianthus annuusL.). Pigweeds (Amaranthussp.) were controlled by applications in the three true-leaf stage but became more resistant at later stages. Control of common lambsquarters (Chenopodium albumL.) was erratic. The optimum time for controlling weeds with bentazon was around the first trifoliolate stage of soybeans. Rainfall within several hours after treatment reduced weed control. Eight yield studies, two of which included eight cultivars, were conducted on weed-free soybeans. In none were yields reduced significantly by bentazon at 3.36 kg/ha (the highest rate studied). Eight yield studies were conducted on soybeans infested with common cocklebur or velvetleaf. Weed control was generally excellent with 0.84 kg/ha of bentazon. Where infestations were sufficient to reduce yields, bentazon treatments increased the yields to levels generally comparable with those of the handweeded checks. One exception was an application of bentazon to soybeans growing in a low area that was periodically flooded by heavy rains. In that experiment the benefit of controlling common cocklebur was offset by bentazon injury to the soybeans, and yields from the treated plots were about the same as those of the weedy check.

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