Responses of Dry Beans to Flumioxazin

There is little information on the sensitivity of dry beans to flumioxazin. Tolerance of eight cultivars of dry beans representing four market classes (black, cranberry, kidney, and white beans) to preplant incorporated (PPI) and preemergence (PRE) applications of flumioxazin at the rate of 52.5, 70, and 140 g ai/ha were studied in three field experiments in Ontario in 2002 and 2003. There were no differences (P < 0.05) between two cultivars within a market class in their responses to flumioxazin. However, the four market classes differed in their responses to flumioxazin. Black and white beans were more sensitive to the PRE application of flumioxazin than cranberry and kidney beans. Flumioxazin applied PRE at 140 g/ha caused as much as 34% visual injury and reduced plant height by 23 to 28%, shoot dry weight by 35 to 39%, and yield by 20 to 30% in black and white bean market classes. Flumioxazin-applied PPI did not injure any market class. On the basis of this research, there is an acceptable margin of crop safety in these black and white bean cultivars only when flumioxazin is applied PPI. The two cranberry and kidney bean cultivars were tolerant to all rates of flumioxazin applied both PPI and PRE.

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Responses of Various Market Classes of Dry Beans (Phaseolus vulgarisL.) to Linuron

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-04-070r1.1 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 118-122 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

The Other ◽

High Rate ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Market Class ◽

Low Rate

Tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans (black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans) to the PRE application of linuron at the rate of 2.25 and 4.50 kg ai/ha was studied at two locations in Ontario, Canada, in 2003 and 2004. The eight market classes differed in their response to linuron. Linuron PRE caused as much as 43, 20, 7, 17, 54, 36, 56, and 12% visual injury in black, brown, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans, respectively. Linuron PRE at 2.25 kg/ha reduced plant height 38% in otebo beans and 31% in white beans. Linuron PRE at 4.50 kg/ha reduced plant height 24 to 56% in black, brown, otebo, pinto, and white beans. Shoot dry weight was reduced in otebo beans by 56% and in white beans, by 46% at the low rate. Shoot dry weight was decreased 26 to 92% in black, otebo, pinto, white, and yellow eye beans at the high rate. There were no differences in the shoot dry weight of the other market classes. Linuron PRE at the low rate reduced otebo bean yield 42% and at the high rate reduced yields by 56, 74, and 61% in black, otebo, and white beans, respectively. There was no effect on the yield of other market classes. Differences in dry bean market class tolerance to linuron exists and may be summarized for these cultivars as cranberry > kidney > brown > yellow eye > pinto > black > white > otebo. Additional research is needed to determine if cultivars within a dry bean market class differ in their response to linuron.

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Response of dry bean to Group 15 herbicides applied preplant incorporated

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.1139/cjps-2018-0020 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 98 (5) ◽

pp. 1168-1175 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Seed Yield ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Kidney Bean ◽

Adzuki Bean ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Group 15 ◽

White Bean ◽

Red Bean

A study consisting of four field experiments was conducted over a 2-yr period (2016, 2017) near Exeter and Ridgetown, ON, to compare the tolerance of adzuki, kidney, small red, and white beans to four Group 15 herbicides including pethoxamid (1200 and 2400 g a.i. ha−1), S-metolachlor (1600 and 3200 g a.i. ha−1), dimethenamid-P (693 and 1386 g a.i. ha−1), and pyroxasulfone (100 and 200 g a.i. ha−1) applied preplant incorporated (PPI). At 1 wk after emergence (WAE), pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 22%, 17%, 38%, and 15% adzuki bean injury, respectively. The injury decreased with time; at 8 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone applied PPI caused as much as 3%, 4%, 12%, and 7% adzuki bean injury, respectively. The injury was lower in other market classes of dry bean. At 1, 2, and 4 WAE, pethoxamid, S-metolachlor, dimethenamid-P, and pyroxasulfone caused as much as 4%, 2%, 4%, and 14% injury in kidney bean, 3%, 2%, 4%, and 12% injury in small red bean, and 5%, 3%, 6%, and 13% injury in white bean, respectively. However, the injury at 8 WAE was 5% or less in kidney, small red, and white beans with all Group 15 herbicides evaluated. Based on this research, pyroxasulfone was the most injurious to dry beans, it reduced plant height as much as 15% and seed yield as much as 17%. The Group 15 herbicides evaluated were more injurious to adzuki bean than kidney, small red, or white beans.

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Dry Bean Response to Preemergence-Applied KIH-485

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-06-050.1 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

pp. 230-234 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Peter H. Sikkema ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Nader Soltani

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

Reduced Height ◽

White Bean ◽

Pinto Beans

Three field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2004 and 2005) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate the tolerance of eight market classes of dry beans to KIH-485 applied PRE at 210 and 420 g ai/ha. KIH-485 PRE caused as much as 67% visual injury in small-seeded and 44% visual injury in large-seeded dry beans. KIH-485 applied PRE at 420 g/ha reduced plant height up to 47% at Ridgetown and 8% at Exeter in 2004, and reduced height of brown and white bean by 15 and 19%, respectively, but had no effect on the height of the other beans in 2005. Shoot dry weight was not affected at Exeter in 2004 but was reduced by 46% at Ridgetown in 2004 and 14% at Exeter in 2005. In 2004, seed moisture content increased by 5, 6, and 12% in black, otebo, and pinto beans, respectively. Seed yield was reduced up to 27% at Ridgetown and 11% at Exeter in 2004 but was not affected at Exeter in 2005. On the basis of this research, KIH-485 PRE causes unacceptable injury in some dry bean market classes.

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Tolerance of White Beans to Postemergence Broadleaf Herbicides

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-03-043r3 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 18 (4) ◽

pp. 893-901 ◽

Cited By ~ 28

Author(s):

Peter H. Sikkema ◽

Nader Soltani ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Todd Cowan

Keyword(s):

Moisture Content ◽

Plant Height ◽

Weed Control ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

White Bean

Weed control in white beans is currently limited by the small number of registered herbicides. The tolerance of two white bean cultivars, ‘AC Compass’ and ‘OAC Thunder’, to various postemergence (POST) herbicides at the maximum use rate and twice the maximum use rate for soybean or corn was evaluated at two Ontario locations in 2001 and 2002. Generally, the two cultivars did not differ in their response to the POST herbicides. POST applications of imazamox plus fomesafen, imazamox plus bentazon, and cloransulam-methyl decreased plant height, shoot dry weight, and yield by as much as 29, 41, and 55%, respectively, and increased seed moisture content up to 3.9%. POST applications of thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil decreased plant height as much as 57%, shoot dry weight by up to 71%, yield as much as 93% and increased seed moisture content up to 15.5%. Based on these results, AC Compass and OAC Thunder white beans do not possess sufficient tolerance to support the registration of imazamox plus bentazon, imazamox plus fomesafen, cloransulam-methyl, thifensulfuron, chlorimuron, and bromoxynil.

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Response of Dry Bean to Sulfentrazone Plus Imazethapyr

International Journal of Agronomy ◽

10.1155/2014/287908 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-6 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Dry Weight ◽

Field Studies ◽

Research Station ◽

Seed Moisture Content ◽

Visible Injury ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Black And White ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Seed Moisture ◽

White Bean

Field studies were conducted in 2010 and 2011 at the Huron Research Station, Exeter, Ontario and from 2009 to 2011 at the University of Guelph Ridgetown Campus, Ridgetown, Ontario to evaluate the sensitivity of four market classes of dry bean to sulfentrazone applied preemergence at 105, 140, and 280 g ai/ha alone and in combination with imazethapyr at 37.5 g ai/ha. At 1 week after emergence (WAE), sulfentrazone alone or in combination with imazethapyr at all doses evaluated caused no significant visible injury in dry bean. At 2 WAE, sulfentrazone alone caused 1–11, 1–11, 1–5, and 3–19% visible injury, and sulfentrazone + imazethapyr caused 3–11, 2–10, 2–5, and 4–20% visible injury in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean, respectively. At 4 WAE, sulfentrazone alone caused 1–7, 1–7, 0–4, and 1–16% visible injury and sulfentrazone + imazethapyr caused 1–8, 1–5, 1–3, and 2–14% visible injury in black, cranberry, kidney, and white bean, respectively. Sulfentrazone PRE caused slightly greater injury in black and white bean compared to cranberry and kidney bean. Generally, crop injury with sulfentrazone at rates up to 140 g ai/ha alone and in combination with imazethapyr at 37.5 g ai/ha was minimal with no adverse effect on plant height, shoot dry weight, seed moisture content, and yield. Based on these results, there is potential for preemergence application of sulfentrazone at rates up to 140 g ai/ha alone or in combination with imazethapyr at 37.5 g ai/ha in black, cranberry, kidney and white bean.

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Response of dry beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence

Canadian Journal of Plant Science ◽

10.4141/cjps2011-220 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 92 (4) ◽

pp. 723-728 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

Nader Soltani ◽

Christy Shropshire ◽

Peter H. Sikkema

Keyword(s):

Seed Yield ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Field Trials ◽

Adzuki Bean ◽

Dry Beans ◽

Dry Bean ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

White Bean ◽

Bean Yield ◽

Adequate Margin

Soltani, N., Shropshire, C. and Sikkema, P. H. 2012. Response of dry beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence. Can. J. Plant Sci. 92: 723–728. Four field trials were conducted over a 2-yr period (2009 and 2010) at Exeter and Ridgetown, Ontario, to evaluate the tolerance of adzuki, black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, Small Red Mexican and white beans to halosulfuron applied postemergence (POST) at 35 and 70 g a.i. ha−1. All treatments including the non-treated control were maintained weed free during the growing season. Halosulfuron applied POST caused as much as 73, 7, 13, 12, 12, 11, 11 and 9% injury in adzuki, black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, Small Red Mexican (SRM) and white beans, respectively. Halosulfuron applied POST reduced adzuki bean height as much as 52 and 70% at Exeter and Ridgetown, respectively. Plant height was not affected in the other market classes of dry bean evaluated. Halosulfuron POST reduced shoot dry weight of adzuki bean 68% at both rates evaluated. Otebo and SRM bean shoot dry weight were not affected when halosulfuron was applied POST at 35 g a.i. ha−1 but otebo bean shoot dry weight was reduced 12% and SRM bean shoot dry weight was reduced 14% at 70 g a.i. ha−1. Shoot dry weight of black, cranberry, kidney, pinto and white bean was not affected with either rate of halosulfuron. Seed yield of adzuki bean was decreased 58% at 35 g a.i. ha−1 and 68% at 70 g a.i. ha−1 with halosulfuron. White bean yield was not affected with halosulfuron applied POST at 35 g a.i. ha−1 but was reduced 9% at 70 g a.i. ha−1. Seed yield of black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto and SRM bean was not reduced with either rate of halosulfuron. Based on these results, there is not an adequate margin of crop safety for halosulfuron POST in adzuki bean. However, there is potential for POST application of halosulfuron in black, cranberry, kidney, otebo, pinto, SRM and white beans.

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Effects of an Autoregulatory Senescence-inhibitor Gene Construct on Nicotiana alata Link and Otto.

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.33.3.519d ◽

1998 ◽

Vol 33 (3) ◽

pp. 519d-519 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Kenneth R. Schroeder ◽

Dennis P. Stimart

Keyword(s):

Agrobacterium Tumefaciens ◽

Plant Height ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Nicotiana Alata ◽

Wild Type ◽

Gene Encoding ◽

Delayed Senescence ◽

Gene Construct ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Inhibitor System

Nicotiana alata Link and Otto. was transformed via Agrobacterium tumefaciens encoding a senescence-specific promoter SAG12 cloned from Arabidopsis thaliana fused to a Agrobacterium tumefaciens gene encoding isopentenyl transferase (IPT) that catalyzes cytokinin synthesis. This was considered an autoregulatory senescence-inhibitor system. In 1996, we reported delayed senescence of intact flowers by 2 to 6 d and delayed leaf senescence of transgenic vs. wild-type N. alata. Further evaluations in 1997 revealed several other interesting effects of the SAG12-IPT gene construct. Measurement of chlorophyll content of mature leaves showed higher levels of both chlorophyll a and b in transgenic material under normal fertilization and truncated fertilization regimes. At 4 to 5 months of age transgenic plants expressed differences in plant height, branching, and dry weight. Plant height was reduced by 3 to 13 cm; branch counts increased 2 to 3 fold; and shoot dry weight increased up to 11 g over wild-type N. alata. These observations indicate the system is not tightly autoregulated and may prove useful to the floriculture industry for producing compact and more floriferous plants.

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Effect of Salinity Levels (NaCl) on Yield, Yield Components and Quality Content of Sesame (Sesamum Indicum L.) Cultivars

Environmental Management and Sustainable Development ◽

10.5296/emsd.v5i2.9852 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (2) ◽

pp. 104

Author(s):

Helale Bahrami ◽

Amir Ostadi Jafari ◽

Jamshid Razmjoo

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Yield Components ◽

Seed Oil ◽

Tap Water ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salinity Level ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Weight Yield ◽

Yield And Yield Components ◽

Salinity Levels

Seeds of ten sesame cultivars (Karaj, Darab, Safiabad, Jiroft, Borazjan, Yellow-white, Felestin, Ultan, Isfahan and Abpakhsh) were sown into soil filled pots in 2008 and 2009. Pots were watered with six levels of salts (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1 NaCl) until full maturity. Plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of cultivars were measured. Increasing salinity caused significant reduction in plant height, root and shoot dry weight, yield and yield components, seed oil and protein contents of all cultivars. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level. Based on seed oil yield data, Safiabad and Kraj at 0.0038ds.m-1, Safiabad and Ultan at 4.89ds.m-1, Ultan, Safiabad and Darab at 8.61 salinity levels were the superior cultivars. High variability in tolerance to salinity among the tested sesame cultivars suggests that selection of more salt tolerant cultivars for planting or breeding purposes is possible.HighlightsEffects of contrasting salinity levels (0.0038 (tap water as control), 4.89, 8.61, 10.5, 14.54, 17.74 ds.m-1NaCl) on sesame cultivars were tested. Salinity reduced plant growth and yield and seed oil and protein contents. However, there were significant differences among the cultivars for measured traits for each salinity level.

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EFEKTIFITAS FUNGI MIKORIZA ARBUSKULA (FMA) SERTA PUPUK NITROGEN DAN FOSFAT TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN SEMAI JABON (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) Effectiveness of Arbuscula Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) Nitrogen and Phosphate Fertilizer toward Jabon ........

Journal of Tropical Silviculture ◽

10.29244/j-siltrop.8.1.20-25 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 8 (1) ◽

pp. 20-25

Author(s):

Fransisca Yosina Regina Luturmas ◽

Sri Wilarso Budi R. ◽

Irdika Mansur

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Phosphate Fertilizer ◽

Soil Types ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Main Plot ◽

Fast Growing Species ◽

Glomus Sp ◽

Plot Design

Jabon (Anthocephallus cadamba Roxb.) is one of fast-growing species with high economical value, and well adapted on some of soil types. The aims of this research were to analyze the effectiveness of AMF species isolated from Samama (Anthocephallus macrophyllus (Roxb.) Havil) and to determine the favorable dose of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizer for Jabon growth. The research was conducted CRD-split plot design main plot was Acaulospora sp.1 (M1), Glomus sp.1 (M2), Acaulospora sp.2 (M3), Acaulospora sp.3 (M4), Glomus sp.2 (M5). While the fertilizer as the sub-plot, consist of control (P0), urea 0.5g+rockphosphat 2g (P1), urea 1g+rockphosphat 4g (P2). The result showed that AMF and fertilizer applications effectively improved Jabon grown, especially in height, stem diameter, and shoot dry weight. The interaction (M4P1) increased plant height 154.73%, diameter 75.38% and shoot dry weight 376.09% compared with control. P1 treatment was better for growth of Jabon that was inoculated by mycorrhiza. Acaulospora sp.1 (M1) originally from Samama without fertilizer had the best effectiveness for Jabon growth.Key words: Acaulospora, indigenous

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MODIFICAÇÕES NO MEIO DE CULTURA, FOTOPERÍODO E TEMPO DE CULTIVO AFETAM O ALONGAMENTO E ENRAIZAMENTO IN VITRO DE BANANEIRA CV. PACOVAN

Nativa ◽

10.31413/nativa.v6i1.4731 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 6 (1) ◽

pp. 27

Author(s):

Marcos Vinícius Marques Pinheiro ◽

Ana Cristina Portugal Pinto De Carvalho ◽

Fabrina Bolzan Martins

Keyword(s):

Plant Height ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Culture Media ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Salt Mixture ◽

Musa Spp ◽

Fresh Biomass ◽

Shoot Dry Weight ◽

Number Of Leaves

No intuito de elevar as taxas de sobrevivência durante a etapa de aclimatização e posterior plantio a campo, avaliou-se o enraizamento in vitro de bananeira cv. Pacovan, em diferentes concentrações de sais MS e de sacarose. Utilizou-se DIC, esquema fatorial (6x2x3), com seis meios de cultura [sendo três concentrações de nutrientes do meio MS (100%; 50% de macronutrientes; e 50% dos sais macro e micronutrientes), e duas concentrações de sacarose (1,5/3,0%)], dois fotoperíodos (12/16 h) e três tempos de cultivo (21, 28 ou 35 dias) e seis repetições/tratamento. Analisaram-se: altura da planta, número de folhas/planta, massas frescas e secas das partes aérea e radicular. Para altura da planta, massa fresca da parte aérea e radicular, o meio MS 50% dos sais + sacarose (1,5%) com fotoperíodo de 16 h e tempo de cultivo de 35 dias foi satisfatório. Para massa seca da parte aérea foi MS 50% de sais + sacarose (3%), e para massa seca da parte radicular, MS 100% + sacarose (3%) (em 12hs/28 dias e 16hs/21 dias). Para o alongamento/enraizamento in vitro da bananeira cv. Pacovan sugere-se MS 50% de sais (macro e micronutrientes), redução ou manutenção de sacarose (1,5 ou 3%) em 16h/35 dias de cultivo.Palavra-chave: Musa spp., propagação in vitro, sistema radicular. CHANGES IN CULTURE MEDIUM, PHOTOPERIOD AND TIME OF CULTIVATION AFFECT THE IN VITRO ELONGATION AND ROOTING OF BANANA CV. PACOVAN ABSTRACT:In order to achieve high rates of survival during the acclimatization and later planting in the field, was evaluated the in vitro of banana cv. Pacovan plants under different concentrations of sucrose and MS basal salt mixture. The experiment was assembled in a DIC, in 6x2x3, six different culture media [three different MS salt mixture concentrations (100%; 50% of macronutrients; and 50% of macro/micronutrients) and two sucrose concentrations (1.5/3%)], two photoperiods (12/16 hours) and three cultivation times (21, 28 or 35 days). Each treatment was composed by 6 replicates. Plant height, number of leaves/plant, fresh and dry weight of roots and shoots, were analyzed. Satisfactory results for plant height and shoot and root fresh biomass were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%), 16 hours/35 days. The highest values of shoot dry weight were observed in MS with macro/micronutrients (50%) + sucrose (3%); the highest root dry weight was achieved with MS 100% + sucrose (3%) (12hs/28 and 16hs/21 days). The suggested medium for the in vitro elongation and rooting stage of banana cv. Pacovan is the MS with 50% of salts (macro and micronutrients), reduction or maintenance of sucrose (1.5 or 3%) in 16h/35 days of cultivation.Keywords: Musa spp., in vitro propagation, root system. DOI:

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