Seashore Paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) Tolerance to Pronamide Applications for Annual Bluegrass Control

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-293 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Diego Gomez de Barreda
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Turf Management

Annual bluegrass is a troublesome weed in turf management and there are currently limited POST herbicides labeled for use in seashore paspalum. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to evaluate seashore paspalum tolerance to pronamide and other herbicides for annual bluegrass control. In field experiments, turf injury never exceeded 7% from pronamide applied at dormancy, 50% green-up, or complete green-up of seashore paspalum in spring. Annual bluegrass control from pronamide was initially similar across timings and averaged 67, 90, and 98% control from 0.84, 1.68, and 3.36 kg ai ha−1, respectively, after 6 wk. In greenhouse experiments, the aforementioned pronamide rates caused less than 10% injury on seashore paspalum. Seashore paspalum injury in the greenhouse was excessive (> 20%) from atrazine, bispyribac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron and moderate (7 to 20%) from foramsulfuron, rimsulfuron, and ethofumesate. Seashore paspalum seedhead count reductions by 4 wk after treatment (WAT) were good to excellent (87 to 98%) from atrazine, bispyribac-sodium, rimsulfuron, and trifloxysulfuron and poor (≤ 0%) from ethofumesate, foramsulfuron, and pronamide. By 4 WAT, seashore paspalum clippings were reduced 0 to 39% from pronamide, whereas atrazine, bispyribac-sodium, and trifloxysulfuron reduced clippings by 54 to 69% from the untreated and ethofumesate, foramsulfuron, and rimsulfuron reduced clippings by 27 to 39%.

Creeping Bentgrass (Agrostis stolonifera) Putting Green Tolerance to Bispyribac-Sodium

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Stephen E. Hart
Keyword(s):  
Growth Inhibition ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Agrostis Stolonifera ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Putting Greens ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Chelated Iron ◽  
Putting Green

Bispyribac-sodium is an efficacious herbicide for annual bluegrass control in creeping bentgrass fairways, but turf tolerance and growth inhibition may be exacerbated by low mowing heights on putting greens. We conducted field and greenhouse experiments to investigate creeping bentgrass putting green tolerance to bispyribac-sodium. In greenhouse experiments, creeping bentgrass discoloration from bispyribac-sodium was exacerbated by reductions in mowing height from 24 to 3 mm, but mowing height did not influence clipping yields or root weight. In field experiments, discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens was greatest from applications of 37 g/ha every 10 d, compared to 74, 111, or 222 g/ha applied less frequently. Chelated iron effectively reduced discoloration of creeping bentgrass putting greens from bispyribac-sodium while trinexapac-ethyl inconsistently reduced these effects. Overall, creeping bentgrass putting greens appear more sensitive to bispyribac-sodium than higher mowed turf, but chelated iron and trinexapac-ethyl could reduce discoloration.

Seashore Paspalum Tolerance to Amicarbazone at Various Seasonal Application Timings

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jialin Yu ◽  
Patrick E. McCullough ◽  
Mark A. Czarnota
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Shoot Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poor Control ◽  
Active Growth ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Ps Ii ◽  
Application Timing ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Potential Safety

Turfgrass injury from triazines has limited the use of photosystem II (PS II) inhibitors for weed control in seashore paspalum. Amicarbazone is a new PS II inhibitor with potential safety in seashore paspalum, but the effects of application timing on turf tolerance has received limited investigation. Field experiments were conducted in Griffin, GA to evaluate the tolerance of ‘Sea Isle 1’ seashore paspalum to amicarbazone applications in winter, spring, and summer. Seashore paspalum had minimal injury (< 5%) from amicarbazone treatments (98, 196, and 392 g ai ha−1) applied for annual bluegrass control in winter and spring. By 6 wk after treatment (WAT), amicarbazone at 392 g ha−1provided 78 and 90% annual bluegrass control in 2013 and 2014, respectively, and was similar to pronamide at 1,680 g ai ha−1. Amicarbazone at 196 g ha−1provided 71% control of annual bluegrass in 2014, but control was poor (< 70%) in 2013. Sequential amicarbazone applications at 98 g ha−1provided poor control in both years by 6 WAT. From six amicarbazone rates (up to 984 g ha−1) applied in summer, seashore paspalum required 510 and < 123 g ha−1for 20% turfgrass injury (I20) and 20% clipping reduction (CR20), respectively, whereas I20and CR20measured > 984 g ha−1for ‘Tifway’ bermudagrass. Overall, amicarbazone may be safely applied to seashore paspalum in winter, spring, and summer at rates and regimens evaluated. However, seashore paspalum may exhibit shoot growth inhibition up to 4 WAT, suggesting that end users should be cautious when using amicarbazone during active growth in summer.

Mesotrione, Topramezone, and Amicarbazone Combinations for Postemergence Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control

2013 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 596-603 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew T. Elmore ◽  
James T. Brosnan ◽  
Gregory K. Breeden ◽  
Aaron J. Patton
Keyword(s):  
Photosystem Ii ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cool Season ◽  
Complete Control ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments ◽  
Complementary Nature ◽  
Synergistic Increase

Selective annual bluegrass (ABG) control with mesotrione is often inconsistent, and sequential applications might be required for complete control. The complementary nature ofp-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD)- and photosystem II (PSII)-inhibiting herbicides is well documented. The HPPD-inhibiting herbicide mesotrione and the PSII-inhibiting herbicide amicarbazone both have efficacy against annual bluegrass and safety on certain cool-season turfgrasses. Topramezone is a HPPD-inhibiting herbicide being investigated for use in turfgrass. Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted to examine single applications of topramezone and mesotrione alone or in combination with amicarbazone for POST ABG control in spring. In greenhouse experiments, the combination of mesotrione (280 g ai ha−1) and amicarbazone (75 g ai ha−1) controlled ABG 70% by 21 d after treatment, > 29% more than either herbicide applied alone; these combinations were determined to be synergistic. Amicarbazone combined with topramezone (14.5 g ai ha−1) provided < 10% ABG control and was not synergistic. When combined with mesotrione, increasing amicarbazone rate to 150 or 255 g ha−1did not increase ABG control compared to 75 g ha−1in field experiments. Combining mesotrione with amicarbazone resulted in a synergistic increase in POST ABG control at 1 and 2 wk after treatment (WAT). When applied alone or in combination with amicarbazone, increasing the mesotrione rate from 90 to 280 g ha−1increased efficacy on ABG in field experiments. The combination of mesotrione at 280 g ha−1and amicarbazone at 75 g ha−1provided > 90% ABG control in field experiments. Future research should focus on sequential applications of mesotrione–amicarbazone combinations for ABG control in locations where ABG is historically more difficult to control.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Turfgrasses for Resistance to Mole Crickets (Orthoptera: Gryllotalpidae)

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 665-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.K. Braman ◽  
R.R. Duncan ◽  
W.W. Hanna ◽  
W.G. Hudson
Keyword(s):  
Relative Humidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Environmental Chamber ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Mole Cricket ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Mole Crickets ◽  
The Common

Bermudagrass (Cynodon sp.) and paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum) genotypes were evaluated in laboratory, greenhouse, and field experiments for potential resistance to the common turfgrass pests, tawny mole cricket (Scapteriscus vicinus Scudder) and southern mole cricket (Scapteriscus borellii Giglio-tos). Potential resistance among 21 seashore paspalums to both insects in an environmental chamber at 27 °C, 85% relative humidity, and 15 hours light/9 hours dark) revealed that Glenn Oaks `Adalayd' was least tolerant of cricket injury, while 561-79, HI-1, and `Excalibur' were most tolerant. Nymphal survival was not influenced by turfgrass type. Plant selections that maintained the highest percentage of their normal growth after 4 weeks of feeding by tawny mole crickets over three separate greenhouse trials were 561-79, HI-1, HI-2, PI-509018, `Excalibur', SIPV-1 paspalums, and `Tifeagle' and `Tifsport' bermudagrasses. Although none of the tested genotypes was highly resistant to tawny mole cricket injury, `TifSport' bermudagrass and 561-79 (Argentine) seashore paspalum were most tolerant.

Annual Bluegrass (Poa annua) Control in Glyphosate-Resistant Perennial Ryegrass Overseeding

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 213-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael L. Flessner ◽  
J. Scott McElroy ◽  
Glenn R. Wehtje
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Perennial Ryegrass ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Poa Annua ◽  
Response Analysis ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Data Types ◽  
Annual Bluegrass ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

‘Replay' and ‘JS501’ perennial ryegrass cultivars have been conventionally bred for reduced sensitivity to glyphosate, potentially allowing the herbicide to be used for selective weed control in overseeded bermudagrass. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate optimal glyphosate application rate, regime (single and sequential applications), and timing for annual bluegrass control in bermudagrass overseeded with these cultivars. Additionally, greenhouse experiments were conducted to compare the sensitivity to glyphosate of Replay and JS501 to susceptible cultivars ‘Caddy Shack' and ‘Top Gun II' through log-logistic rate-response analysis. In field experiments, only two treatments resulted in > 90% annual bluegrass control and < 25% perennial ryegrass injury. These two treatments were a single application of 280 g ae ha−1glyphosate in January and 140 g ha−1followed by an additional 140 g ha−1applied in January. Perennial ryegrass cultivars were compared using 50% inhibition (I50) values, i.e. 50% visible estimates of injury or 50% reduction in clipping weight.I50values obtained 6 wk after treatment from injury data were 2.56, 2.64, 0.81, and 0.84 g ha−1glyphosate for Replay, JS501, Caddy Shack, and Top Gun II, respectively. Replay and JS501 were similar in sensitivity to glyphosate and were up to four times more tolerant than Caddy Shack and Top Gun II across rating dates and data types.

scholarly journals Seashore Paspalum Response to Trinexapac-ethyl and Paclobutrazol

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 605-606 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jason A. Ferrell ◽  
Timothy R. Murphy ◽  
Ron R. Duncan ◽  
William K. Vencill
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Ethyl Ester ◽  
Growth Regulators ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Acid Ethyl Ester ◽  
Similar Species ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum ◽  
Effective Option

The usage of seashore paspalum (Paspalum vaginatum Swartz) as a recreational turf has increased in recent years. On similar species, such as bermudagrass (Cynodon ssp.), plant growth regulators (PGRs) are used to decrease mowing frequency. However, no data currently exists for the use of PGRs on seashore paspalum. Therefore, field experiments were conducted over 2 years to determine the effects of trinexapac-ethyl and paclobutrazol on seashore paspalum. Paclobutrazol was non-injurious to turf when applied sequentially, 4 weeks apart, at rates as high as 0.56 kg·ha-1 of a.i. However, these same treatments failed to reduce vegetative growth. Conversely, trinexapac-ethyl treatments produced unacceptable injury (>15%) when applied sequentially, 4 weeks apart, at rates higher than 0.19 kg·ha-1 of a.i. As trinexapac-ethyl rates were reduced to ≤0.14 kg·ha-1 of a.i., injury was reduced to ≤ 12% while vegetative growth was suppressed to ≥59%, relative to nontreated seashore paspalum. Therefore, trinexapac-ethyl can serve as an effective option for those managing seashore paspalum turf areas. Chemical names used: 4-(Cyclopropyl-α-hydroxymethylene)-3,5-dioxo-cyclohexanecarboxylic acid ethyl ester (trinexapac-ethyl); (+/-)-R*,R*-β-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]-α-(1,1-dimethylethyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-ethanol (paclobutrazol).

EFFECTS OF SOIL ACIDITY ON RHIZOBIA NUMBERS, NODULATION AND NITROGEN FIXATION BY ALFALFA AND RED CLOVER

1977 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 197-203 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. A. RICE ◽  
D. C. PENNEY ◽  
M. NYBORG
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Rhizobium Meliloti ◽  
Acid Soils ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Ion Concentration ◽  
Hydrogen Ion Concentration ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

The effects of soil acidity on nitrogen fixation by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) and red clover (Trifolium pratense L.) were investigated in field experiments at 28 locations, and in greenhouse experiments using soils from these locations. The pH of the soils (limed and unlimed) varied from 4.5 to 7.2. Rhizobia populations in the soil, nodulation, and relative forage yields (yield without N/yield with N) were measured in both the field and greenhouse experiments. Rhizobium meliloti numbers, nodulation scores, and relative yields of alfalfa decreased sharply as the pH of the soils decreased below 6.0. For soils with pH 6.0 or greater, there was very little effect of pH on any of the above factors for alfalfa. Soil pH in the range studied had no effect on nodulation scores and relative yields of red clover. However, R. trifolii numbers were reduced when the pH of the soil was less than 4.9. These results demonstrate that hydrogen ion concentration is an important factor limiting alfalfa growth on acid soils of Alberta and northeastern British Columbia, but it is less important for red clover. This supports the continued use of measurements of soil pH, as well as plant-available Al and Mn for predicting crop response to lime.

Interaction of Bentazon and Imazethapyr Applied Postemergence to Nutsedge (Cyperus spp.)

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 150-154
Author(s):  
Alan C. York ◽  
John W. Wilcut
Keyword(s):  
Ammonium Salt ◽  
Sodium Salt ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Pyridinecarboxylic Acid ◽  
Purple Nutsedge ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Greenhouse Experiments

Abstract Field and greenhouse experiments evaluated purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundas L.) and yellow nutsedge (C. esculentus L.) control with mixtures of bentazon [3-(1-methylethyl)-(1H)-2,1,3-benzothiadiazin-4(3H)-one 2,2-dioxide] and imazethapyr {2-[4,5-dihydro-4-methyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-5-oxo-1H-imidazol-2-yl]-5-ethyl-3-pyridinecarboxylic acid} applied postemergence. Mixtures of the sodium salt of bentazon at 0.6 or 1.1 kg ae/ha and the ammonium salt of imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g ae/ha were antagonistic on purple nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 0.6 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were additive on yellow nutsedge in field experiments but antagonistic in greenhouse experiments. Mixtures of bentazon at 1.1 kg/ha and imazethapyr at 35 or 70 g/ha were antagonistic on yellow nutsedge in field and greenhouse experiments.

Biology and Biotype Determination of Greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Hemiptera: Aphididae), on Seashore Paspalum Turfgrass (Paspalum vaginatum)

2008 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 586-591 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. S. Nuessly ◽  
R. T. Nagata ◽  
J. D. Burd ◽  
M. G. Hentz ◽  
A. S. Carroll ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Schizaphis Graminum ◽  
Seashore Paspalum ◽  
Paspalum Vaginatum
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