Potential Pollen and Seed Production from Early- and Late-Emerging Common Ragweed in Corn and Soybean

2012 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 510-516 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marie-Josée Simard ◽  
Diane Lyse Benoit
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Female Fitness ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Production Values ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Seeding Emergence

Despite the abundance of common ragweed in crops and the potency of ragweed pollen as an allergen, pollen production in agricultural fields has hardly been evaluated. Our goal was to evaluate pollen and seed production of early- (i.e., plants missed by weed control) and late- (i.e., after weed control) emerging common ragweed growing in corn and soybean. Allocation and gender distribution were also evaluated. The experiment included 2 yr (2008, 2009), three competition treatments, two seeding/emergence dates, three densities, and four replicates. Competition treatments (main plots) included no crop or weeds (bare), corn, or soybean. Crops were glyphosate resistant. Subplots were seeded with common ragweed before or after glyphosate application at densities of 1 (4 m−2), 3 (12 m−2), or 6 (24 m−2) plants per plot. Ragweed plants were harvested in mid-October and measured (aboveground biomass, length of all male inflorescences, stem diameter, and seed production). Based on our estimates, mean (backtransformed from ln[x+ 1]) pollen production values were: 6.25 (bare), 0.74 (corn), and 1.13 (soybean) × 108pollen grains per ragweed. Biomass and diameter were good predictors of ragweed male and female fitness. Plant height was not correlated with maleness. In crops, ragweed gender distribution was shifted toward maleness. Estimations indicate early-emerging (June 18 to 23) ragweed produced three times more pollen than late (July 7 to 11) plants.

POLLEN PRODUCTION AND DISSEMINATING PROPERTIES OF TRITICALE RELATIVE TO WHEAT

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 569-574 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. YEUNG ◽  
E. N. LARTER
Keyword(s):  
Seed Set ◽  
Marker Gene ◽  
Pollen Grains ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Hybrid Seed Production ◽  
Pollen Production ◽  
Hexaploid Triticale ◽  
Anther Length ◽  
Anther Extrusion ◽  
Wide Range

A study of the pollen production properties of three hexaploid triticale strains (Triticale hexaploide Lart.) showed that their anther length was significantly greater than that of wheat anthers (Triticum aestivum L. em Thell.) and the estimated number of pollen grains per anther ranged from 15,000 to 21,000. In comparison, a total of 8000 grains per anther was estimated for wheat, cult Manitou. Eighty-nine percent anther extrusion occurred in triticale cult Rosner, while Manitou averaged 70% anther extrusion. The period of anthesis of triticale varied according to strain but generally was of longer duration than in Manitou and thereby promoted outcrossing. Using a triticale strain carrying a dominant marker gene, 50% seed-set was obtained at a distance of 12 m leeward of the pollen source; however, a small percentage was still obtained at a distance of 30 m. It would appear from the limited number of triticales used in this study that a wide range of variability exists within this species in its pollen production and disseminating properties. With appropriate selection pressures, strains with an outbreeding habit could be developed for the purpose of hybrid seed production.

scholarly journals SAT0372 PATIENTS WITH PSORIATIC ARTHRITIS SHOW HIGHER BONE DENSITY COMPARED TO AGE AND GENDER MATCHED PATIENTS WITH ANKYLOSING SPONDYLITIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1133.2-1134
Author(s):  
D. Freier ◽  
E. Wiebe ◽  
R. Biesen ◽  
T. Buttgereit ◽  
S. Hermann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Back Pain ◽  
Psoriatic Arthritis ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Bone Density ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Inflammatory Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Density Data ◽  
And Gender

Background:The prevalence of osteoporosis in inflammatory rheumatic diseases such as psoriatic arthritis (PsA) has not been sufficiently clarified yet, and the data in the literature are heterogeneous. In addition, it is still unclear to what extent patients with PsA differ in terms of bone density from patients with other forms of spondyloarthritis such as ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Objectives:In an interim analysis of the Rh-GIOP Study (ClinicalTrials.gov IdentifierNCT02719314), we observed that PsA patients demonstrated more frequently normal bone density than any other patient group analyzed (suffering from e.g. rheumatoid arthritis or systemic sclerosis). The main objective of this investigation was to compare bone density data from patients with PsA and AS, as both diseases belong to the spondyloarthritis group. 1100 patients with inflammatory rheumatic diseases provided the basis of Rh-GIOP, a prospective study monitoring glucocorticoid (GC)-induced osteoporosis in patients with rheumatic diseases. Rh-GIOP was established in 2015 at the Charité University Hospital. Bone mineral density data were measured by dual x-ray absorptiometry (DXA).Methods:92 patients with PsA (65% female) were compared with 51 patients suffering from AS (35% female). Potential risk and protective factors (e.g. data on GC treatment, anti-rheumatic therapy), laboratory parameters (e.g. Vitamin D, alkaline phosphatase, calcium and inflammatory markers) and functional status (e.g. Health Assessment Questionnaire, sporting activities, back pain) were compared between these groups. Statistical analysis was performed descriptively using mean and standard deviation, t-tests for metric variables, and chi-square tests for nominal variables. Due to the heterogeneous gender distribution, an additional statistical matching was performed to compare patients matched by age and gender.Results:Patients with PsA displayed significantly higher minimal T-scores than patients with AS (p=0.003) even though patients with AS were younger and more often male (p<0.001). AS patients showed a higher frequency of osteopenic bone densities (p<0.05), however, no differences in the frequency of osteoporotic bone densities were found. Body-mass-index (BMI) was significantly higher (p<0.001) in PsA patients. PsA patients demonstrated a higher frequency of csDMARD use (p<0.001). Additional analyses among PsA patients with and without csDMARDs revealed also significantly higher minimal T-scores in PsA patients taking csDMARDs (90% Methotrexate), and both groups showed the same average of age and gender distribution. Furthermore, AS patients complained significantly more often of back pain (96 % vs. 74%, p=0.001) than PsA patients. No differences in GC use or cumulative GC dose were found. All results could be confirmed when groups were matched by age and gender.Conclusion:Our results demonstrate that patients with PsA display higher bone density compared to age and gender matched patients with ankylosing spondylitis. Possible influencing factors could be the higher frequency of csDMARD use, higher BMI or the lower frequency of back pain in PsA patients. Multivariate tests and additional biomarker investigations in larger cohorts are necessary to corroborate these findings and to identify underlying pathogenic differences which could serve for an explanation.Disclosure of Interests:Desiree Freier: None declared, Edgar Wiebe: None declared, Robert Biesen: None declared, Thomas Buttgereit: None declared, Sandra Hermann: None declared, Timo Gaber: None declared, Frank Buttgereit Grant/research support from: Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Generic Assays, GSK, Hexal, Horizon, Lilly, medac, Mundipharma, Novartis, Pfizer, Roche, and Sanofi.

Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with imazamox and imazethapyr

Weed Science ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 587-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly A. Nelson ◽  
Karen A. Renner ◽  
Donald Penner
Keyword(s):  
Nonionic Surfactant ◽  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Diphenyl Ether ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Common Lambsquarters ◽  
Giant Foxtail ◽  
Urea Ammonium Nitrate

Field and greenhouse experiments were conducted in 1995 and 1996 to determine soybean injury and weed control differences from imazamox and imazethapyr applied postemergence with a nonionic surfactant or methylated seed oil and with selected tank mixtures. Soybean injury from imazamox at 35 g ai ha−1plus either a methylated seed oil or nonionic surfactant was equal to injury from imazethapyr at 70 g ai ha−1in the greenhouse and field. Imazamox provided greater common lambsquarters control than imazethapyr in the field in 1995 and in the greenhouse. Thifensulfuron tank mixed with imazethapyr increased common lambsquarters control, while soybean response increased when thifensulfuron was tank mixed with imazamox. Common ragweed dry weight was reduced 61 to 64% from 35 g ha−1imazamox and 70 g ha−1imazethapyr in the field; however, imazamox provided greater common ragweed control than imazethapyr in the greenhouse. Tank mixtures of lactofen with imazamox or imazethapyr increased common ragweed control and resulted in greater soybean seed yield in 1996 than when imazamox and imazethapyr were applied alone; however, lactofen antagonized giant foxtail control with imazamox and imazethapyr, and antagonized common lambsquarters control with imazamox. Giant foxtail control in the greenhouse was antagonized more when acifluorfen, fomesafen, and lactofen were tank mixed with 35 g ha−1imazethapyr than with 35 g ha−1imazamox. Giant foxtail control with imazamox or imazethapyr applied alone or with diphenyl ether herbicides increased when 28% urea ammonium nitrate was added with nonionic surfactant compared with nonionic surfactant only. Imazethapyr antagonized giant foxtail control by clethodim in the field and was more antagonistic than imazamox in the greenhouse. A methylated seed oil improved common ragweed control by imazethapyr at 70 g ha−1and imazamox at 18 and 35 g ha−1, while common lambsquarters and velvetleaf control increased when a methylated seed oil was included with 18 g ha−1imazethapyr compared to nonionic surfactant in the greenhouse.

Weed Control with Halauxifen-Methyl Applied Alone and in Mixtures with 2,4-D, Dicamba, and Glyphosate

2018 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 597-602 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo Zimmer ◽  
Bryan G. Young ◽  
William G. Johnson
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Synthetic Auxin ◽  
Redroot Pigweed ◽  
Giant Ragweed ◽  
Auxin Herbicides ◽  
Control Spectrum

AbstractSynthetic auxin herbicides such as 2,4-D and dicamba are often utilized to control broadleaf weeds in preplant burndown applications to soybean. Halauxifen-methyl is a new synthetic auxin herbicide for broadleaf weed control in preplant burndown applications to corn, cotton, and soybean at low use rates (5 g ae ha–1). Field experiments were conducted to evaluate efficacy and weed control spectrum of halauxifen-methyl applied alone and in mixtures with 2,4-D (560 g ae ha–1), dicamba (280 g ae ha–1), and glyphosate (560 g ae ha–1). Glyphosate-resistant (GR) horseweed was controlled with halauxifen-methyl applied alone (90% control) and in mixtures (87% to 97% control) 35 d after treatment (DAT). Common ragweed was controlled 93% with halauxifen-methyl applied alone and 91% to 97% in mixtures 35 DAT. Halauxifen-methyl applied alone resulted in poor giant ragweed control 21 DAT (73% control); however, mixtures of halauxifen-methyl with 2,4-D, dicamba, or glyphosate controlled giant ragweed (86% to 98% control). Halauxifen-methyl alone resulted in poor redroot pigweed control (62% control) 21 DAT; however, mixtures of halauxifen-methyl with dicamba, 2,4-D, or glyphosate controlled redroot pigweed (89% to 98% control). Halauxifen-methyl controls GR horseweed and common ragweed applied alone and in mixtures with other synthetic auxin herbicides and glyphosate. Furthermore, mixing 2,4-D or dicamba with halauxifen-methyl can increase the weed control spectrum in preplant burndown applications.

Weed Management in Southeastern Peanut (Arachis hypogaea) with AC 263,222

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
John S. Richburg ◽  
John W. Wilcut ◽  
Daniel L. Colvin ◽  
Gerald R. Wiley
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Arachis Hypogaea ◽  
Weed Management ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Common Ragweed ◽  
Yellow Nutsedge ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Ac 263,222

Field experiments conducted at four locations in Georgia and two locations in Florida during 1992 and 1993 evaluated AC 263,222 application rates and timings, systems, and mixtures for weed control, peanut injury, and yield. All rates of AC 263,222 applied early POST (EPOST) or POST controlledIpomoeamorningglories and smallflower morningglory at least 90%, and purple and yellow nutsedge at least 81%. Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control generally was highest when metolachlor was applied PPI followed by AC 263,222 applied EPOST at 71 g/ha, AC 263,222 at 27 or 36 g/ha plus bentazon plus paraquat applied POST, or with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Acifluorfen and acifluorfen plus bentazon reduced Florida beggarweed and sicklepod control at several locations when applied in mixture with AC 263,222. Common ragweed and hairy indigo control were 85 to 95% with bentazon plus paraquat applied EPOST followed by AC 263,222 applied POST at 36 or 53 g/ha. Highest peanut yields were obtained with treatments providing high levels of weed control.

scholarly journals Age and gender distribution among the patients with Gilbert’s syndrome

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 75-81
Author(s):  
A. N. Volkov ◽  
E. V. Tsurkan
Keyword(s):  
Age Distribution ◽  
Significant Proportion ◽  
Age And Gender ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
Gilbert’S Syndrome ◽  
Ugt1a1 Gene ◽  
Screening Programs ◽  
Gilbert's Syndrome ◽  
Syndrome Diagnosis ◽  
And Gender

Aim. To analyze age and gender distribution in patients with Gilbert's syndrome.Materials and Methods. We consecutively recruited 115 patients with Gilbert's syndrome. All patients underwent genotyping of the rs8175347 polymorphism within the UGT1A1 gene using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction to confirm the diagnosis.Results. The age of initial diagnosis ranged from 3 years to 71 years, with the majority (44.3%) of cases detected ≤ 20 years of age. Mean ± standard error and median age of the diagnosis were 30.03 ± 1.72 years and 23 years. Despite the proportion of females and males among patients was similar, age distribution at primary diagnosis was significantly different across the genders. In women, Gilbert's syndrome was most frequently detected between 11 and 20 years (23.1%) and between 51 and 60 years (19.2%). In contrast, male adolescents were more prone to the development of Gilbert's syndrome, as 47.6% of male patients belonged to this age category.Conclusions. Variable age of Gilbert's syndrome diagnosis is probably determined by an individual combination of genetic causes (e.g., mutation of the UGT1A1 gene) and additional risk factors. Adolescents compose a significant proportion of patients. Because of relatively mild disease in many patients and unpredictability of the provoking factors, primary detection of Gilbert's syndrome can be delayed. Differences in age of Gilbert's syndrome diagnosis across the genders can be partially explained by organizational reasons associated with the current screening programs. 

scholarly journals Results of the weed control in onion (Allium Cepa L.) field

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
O. Ariunaa ◽  
T. Erdenenzorig ◽  
B. Dondov
Keyword(s):  
Weed Control ◽  
Seed Production ◽  
Experimental Research ◽  
Plant Protection ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Crop Damage ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Domestic Production ◽  
Allium Cepa L ◽  
Production Demand

Our country has provided about 52% of vegetables from domestic production, the rest part imported others from outside. Thus, imports of potatoes and vegetables have been reduced last year, for this reason, main vegetable seeds, were produced domestically and provided over 80 percent of the country’s demand. In the future domestic production demand of vegetable goal set working to provide by 100 percent from government our country in this connection issues urgent need to solve sowing seeds, variety supply, seed production, and plant protection. According to our research, during the growing season, 150-350 weeds growing per 1m2 of rounded onions shows that the amount of crop damage is relatively high. For the purpose of control against weeds in the onion field with 3 repetitions of 7 variants of 2 types of herbicides are conducted experimental research. These include; pre-emergent Estamp (Stomp) herbicide applied in doses 2.5; 3.5 l/ha that controls all types of weeds, but showed results of 65.2-72.4%. The growing season during a selective post-emergent of Gaur herbicide in doses 0.7; 0.9l/ ha used against broadleaf and grassy weeds that became clear of weed species density reduced by 92.7-93.4%. It was tested in this study Pendimethalin, 33% + Oxyfluorfen 24 % mixture herbicides have reduced the number of weeds by 92.4-94.1%.

scholarly journals Circadian rhythm and gender distribution of cardiac arrest

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 16-21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nikola Beljić ◽  
Bojana Tomić
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Arrest ◽  
Circadian Rhythm ◽  
Gender Distribution ◽  
And Gender
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