Analysis of the yield-determining process of field-grown soybeans in relation to canopy structure. II. Effect of plant type alteration on solar radiation interception and yield components.

One of factors affecting the productivity of soybean crop is the availability of solar radiation. Reduction of solar radiation reaching soybean crop by cloud cover especially during rainy season or by shade of trees could potentially decrease soybean production. The availability of radiation for the crop can be increased through the use of reflective mulch to reflect back transmitted radiation to the crop canopy. This study aimed to determine the effect of shade and reflective mulch on crop solar radiation balance and crop productivity responses. A field experiment in Bogor, Indonesia in July 2016 to January 2017, was conducted, applying a Nested Design-two factors model with three replications. The first factor was two levels of shading, i.e., without and with 50% shade; and the second factor was three levels, i.e., without mulch, black silver mulch, and metallic mulch. The results showed that the use of mulch influenced the radiation balance of plants, increasing distribution of radiation reception in plants, solar radiation interception and RUE. The use of mulch caused changes in canopy structure by increase LAI, so that the inhibited radiation was higher. The reflected radiation from the mulch increased production per plants and weight of 1,000 seeds in shaded plants.Keywords: black silver mulch, metallic mulch, radiation balance, radiation interception, shading

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Effects of Mechanized Planting Methods on Yield Components and Plant Type Characteristics ofIndicaHybrid Rice Fyou 498

ACTA AGRONOMICA SINICA ◽

10.3724/sp.j.1006.2014.00719 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 40 (4) ◽

pp. 719 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xiao-Long LEI ◽

Li LIU ◽

Bo LIU ◽

Guang-Zhong HUANG ◽

Xiang GUO ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Plant Type ◽

Planting Methods

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Comparison of yield components and plant type characteristics of high-yield rice between Taoyuan, a ‘special eco-site’ and Nanjing, China

Field Crops Research ◽

10.1016/j.fcr.2009.03.005 ◽

2009 ◽

Vol 112 (2-3) ◽

pp. 214-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Ganghua Li ◽

Lihong Xue ◽

Wei Gu ◽

Congdang Yang ◽

Shaohua Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

High Yield ◽

Plant Type

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Single Leaf Carbon Exchange and Canopy Radiation Use Efficiency of Four Peanut Cultivars1

Peanut Science ◽

10.3146/i0095-3679-20-1-1 ◽

1993 ◽

Vol 20 (1) ◽

pp. 1-5 ◽

Cited By ~ 22

Author(s):

J. M. Bennett ◽

T. R. Sinclair ◽

Li Ma ◽

K. J. Boote

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Radiation Use Efficiency ◽

Dry Matter Accumulation ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Single Leaf ◽

Seed Harvest ◽

Use Efficiency ◽

Total Crop ◽

Radiation Use

Abstract Knowledge of the interception of solar radiation by crop canopies and the use of that radiation for carbon assimilation is essential for understanding crop growth and yield as a function of the environment. A field experiment was conducted in 1990 at Gainesville, FL to determine if differences in single leaf carbon exchange rate (CER), canopy radiation interception, radiation use efficiency (g dry matter produced per unit of solar radiation intercepted), and increase in seed harvest index with time exist among several commonly grown peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) cultivars. Four cultivars (Early Bunch, Florunner, Marc I, and Southern Runner) were grown in field plots on a Kendrick fine sand (a loamy, siliceous, hyperthermic Arenic Paleudult) under fully irrigated, intensive management. Total crop and seed dry matter accumulation were determined, and canopy radiation interception measured at weekly intervals. CER of uppermost, fully expanded sunlit leaves were determined at midday at 2-wk intervals. Single leaf CER's were similar among cultivars (25 to 35 μmol CO2 m-2 s-1) and relatively stable throughout most of the season, before declining during late seed filling. Although interception of radiation differed somewhat among cultivars during early canopy development, total crop dry matter accumulation was linearly related to the cumulative amount of radiation intercepted by all four cultivars (r2=≥0.99). Radiation use efficiency was similar among all cultivars with a mean of 1.00 g dry matter accumulated per MJ of intercepted solar radiation. The increase in seed harvest index with time was linear (r2≤0.94) and the rates of increase were similar among the Early Bunch, Florunner, and Marc I cultivars (0.0058 d-1), but lower (0.0043 d-1) for the later maturing Southern Runner cultivar. Results from this study indicated that the primary differences among these four cultivars were in early-season development of the leaf canopy and resultant radiation interception and the rate of seed growth, rather than the capacity to assimilate carbon dioxide.

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Soybean Architecture Plants: From Solar Radiation Interception to Crop Protection

Soybean - The Basis of Yield, Biomass and Productivity ◽

10.5772/67150 ◽

2017 ◽

Author(s):

Geraldo Chavarria ◽

Andréia Caverzan ◽

Mariele Müller ◽

Miroslava Rakocevic

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Crop Protection ◽

Radiation Interception

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Corrigendum - Growth and productivity of irrigated Sorghum bicolor (L. Moench) in Northern Australia. II. Low solar altitude as a possible constraint to productivity in the tropical dry season

Australian Journal of Agricultural Research ◽

10.1071/ar9840229c ◽

1984 ◽

Vol 35 (2) ◽

pp. 229

Author(s):

MA Foale ◽

GL Wilson ◽

DB Coates ◽

KP Haydock

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Canopy Structure ◽

Dry Season ◽

High Density ◽

Light Penetration ◽

Northern Australia ◽

Growth Study ◽

Altitude Effect ◽

Solar Altitude ◽

Sorghum Bicolor L

A growth study was carried out during the dry season on irrigated grain sorghum cultivar NK 300F at latitude 16�S. in northern Australia. The apparent efficiency of the canopy in the photosynthetic conversion of solar radiation increased progressively in high density stands between June and September, while low density stands showed no change. An hypothesis is advanced that the rise in canopy efficiency was due to increasing solar altitude combining with a suitable canopy structure at high density to give increased light penetration into the canopy. A parameter named weighted mean solar altitude (WMSA) is used in conjunction with noon solar altitude (NSA) to assist in the interpretation of published models of light penetration. This solar altitude effect, if verified by further work, would lower the expectations, based on mean daily solar radiation, for dry season yield of irrigated sorghum and possibly other cereals in the semi-arid tropics.

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MEASUREMENT OF SOLAR RADIATION INTERCEPTION BY TREE CROPS

Acta Horticulturae ◽

10.17660/actahortic.1986.175.37 ◽

1986 ◽

pp. 255-256

Author(s):

J.W. Daniells

Keyword(s):

Solar Radiation ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Tree Crops

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Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) Yield Reduction due to Late Sowing as a Function of Radiation Interception and Use in a Cool Region of Northern Japan

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy10010066 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 66 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Etsushi Kumagai ◽

Tomoki Takahashi

Keyword(s):

Yield Components ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Sowing Date ◽

Yield Reduction ◽

Node Number ◽

Radiation Interception ◽

Canopy Development ◽

Cool Region ◽

Relationship Of ◽

Late Sowing

Yields decrease when soybean is sown later than recommended in the cool climate of the Tohoku region of Japan. However, the factors responsible for this decrease are not fully understood. We investigated the effects of late sowing on growth, phenological development, yield, yield components, and radiation interception of three soybean cultivars in two consecutive years and analyzed the relationships of those variables with temperature and soil volumetric moisture content (SMC). Averaged across years and cultivars, yields decreased significantly when plants were sown approximately three weeks late. Yield reductions were partially due to reductions in node number per plant, dry matter production, and capture of cumulative irradiance, resulting from slowed canopy development during vegetative and early reproductive stages. The number of seeds per pod was one of the major determinants of the variation in yield. Owing to the delay in sowing date, the reduction in seeds per pod was likely due to low temperatures during the 20 days after seed filling began. Occasional lower SMC during reproductive stages did not affect yield, yield components, and growth parameters. However, these results were obtained from the two years’ experiments. Therefore, further investigations of the relationship of yield with temperature and SMC under different years and sites are needed.

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