Growth Responses of Drought Resistant Rice Cultivars to Soil Compaction under Irrigated and Succeeding Non-irrigated Conditions during the Vegetative Stage

A screen house trial was conducted to evaluate reproductive growth responses of drought tolerant upland rice cultivars (NERICAs 1-4, WAB 56-104 and Moroberekan) to arbuscular mycorrhizal (AMF) inoculation under water deficit. A field trial was organized in randomized complete block test with three replicates, conducted in the late cropping season of 2012. We evaluated upland rice cultivars to different nutrient sources (AMF, AMF + 60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg K ha-1, 60 kg N ha-1+ 30 kg K ha-1 and control). In the screen house inoculated rice had higher (P < 0.05) grain yield plant-1 (19.29 g plant-1) and its attributes than non-inoculated, except number of grain per panicle (108). On the field combination of AMF + 60 kg N ha-1 + 30 kg K ha-1 produced higher (P < 0.05) reproductive growth. Varietal variability (P < 0.05) was observed on AM colonisation and reproductive growth in both trials, with ‘NERICA 2’was the most promising cultivar under tested agroecology condition.

Download Full-text

Selection of local swamp rice cultivars from Kalimantan (Indonesia) tolerant to iron stress during vegetative stage

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d211210 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Vina Novianti ◽

Didik Indradewa ◽

Maryani MARYANI ◽

Diah Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Leaf Length ◽

Iron Toxicity ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Enzyme Analysis ◽

Percentage Increase ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Iron Stress ◽

Potential Region ◽

Biochemical Component ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Novianti V, Indradewa D, Maryani, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of local swamp rice cultivars from Kalimantan (Indonesia) tolerant to iron stress during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 5595-5606. Kalimantan with the large swamp area is a potential region in Indonesia to develop local rice cultivars with high tolerance to iron toxicity in tidal lowlands. This research was conducted to select iron toxicity-tolerant in local Kalimantan-rice cultivars, namely: Amas (AMS), Pandan Ungu (PDU), Kambang (KMB), Suatek Merah (SM), Siam Unus Mayang (SUM), Siam Unus Kuning (SUK), and Siam 11 Panjang (S11P). As control, two rice cultivars: Ciherang (iron toxicity-susceptible) and Inpara 5 (iron toxicity-tolerant) were also used. The seeds were grown hydroponically for 35 DAP (days after planting) in Yoshida nutrient solution containing 0 ppm (control), 100 ppm (low), and 400 ppm (high) FeS2 as pyrite treatments. Morphological analysis (plant height, leaf length and width, and leaves number) showed that PDU and KMB cultivars have better characters for tolerating iron toxicity. The highest level of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during iron toxicity treatment was observed in KMB cultivar. AMS cultivar had the highest proline level under high iron stress. Antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that AMS, PDU, and KMB cultivars had a high percentage increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes when exposed to high pyrite conditions. Based on morphophysiological characteristics, biochemical component, and enzymatic antioxidant activity, it can be concluded that AMS, PDU, and KMB cultivars are potential candidates as iron toxicity-tolerant rice.

Download Full-text

Unveiling Endophytic Bacterial Community Structures of Different Rice Cultivars Grown in a Cadmium-Contaminated Paddy Field

Frontiers in Microbiology ◽

10.3389/fmicb.2021.756327 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Chaoqun Chu ◽

Meiyu Fan ◽

Chongyang Song ◽

Ni Li ◽

Chao Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Paddy Field ◽

Bacterial Communities ◽

Endophytic Bacteria ◽

Reproductive Stage ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Cd Stress ◽

Bacterial Phyla ◽

Rice Roots

Endophytic bacteria play potentially important roles in the processes of plant adaptation to the environment. Understanding the composition and dynamics of endophytic bacterial communities under heavy metal (HM) stress can reveal their impacts on host development and stress tolerance. In this study, we investigated root endophytic bacterial communities of different rice cultivars grown in a cadmium (Cd)-contaminated paddy field. These rice cultivars are classified into low (RBQ, 728B, and NX1B) and high (BB and S95B) levels of Cd-accumulating capacity. Our metagenomic analysis targeting 16S rRNA gene sequence data reveals that Proteobacteria, Firmicutes, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Spirochaetes are predominant root endophytic bacterial phyla of the five rice cultivars that we studied. Principal coordinate analysis shows that the developmental stage of rice governs a larger source of variation in the bacterial communities compared to that of any specific rice cultivar or of the root Cd content. Endophytic bacterial communities during the reproductive stage of rice form a more highly interconnected network and exhibit higher operational taxonomic unit numbers, diversities, and abundance than those during the vegetative stage. Forty-five genera are significantly correlated with Cd content in rice root, notably including positive-correlating Geobacter and Haliangium; and negative-correlating Pseudomonas and Streptacidiphilus. Furthermore, Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States analysis shows that functional pathways, such as biosynthesis of siderophore and type II polyketide products, are significantly enhanced during the reproductive stage compared to those during the vegetative stage under Cd stress. The isolated endophytic bacteria from the Cd-contaminated rice roots display high Cd resistance and multiple traits that may promote plant growth, suggesting their potential application in alleviating HM stress on plants. This study describes in detail for the first time the assemblage of the bacterial endophytomes of rice roots under Cd stress and may provide insights into the interactions among endophytes, plants, and HM contamination.

Download Full-text

Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia during vegetative stage

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d210122 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha ◽

Didik Indradewa ◽

Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽

Diah Rachmawati

Keyword(s):

Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽

Stability Index ◽

High Sensitivity ◽

Co2 Concentration ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Severe Drought ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Physiological Analysis ◽

Selection Of

Abstract. Salsinha Y C F, Indradewa D, Purwestri Y A, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 170-178. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with the predominance of dry climate, has the potential of the plant with high tolerance to drought. This research was conducted to select drought-tolerant rice cultivars. There were eight NTT-rice cultivars tested: Pak morin (P1), Mapan (P2), Pak Mutin (P3), Gogo Fatuhao (P4), Seratus-malam Boawae (P5), Padi-Putih Kuatnana (P6), Padi-Putih Maumere (P7) and Gogo Sikka (P8) with 2 control cultivars tested: Ciherang (drought- susceptible) and IR-64 (drought tolerant). The treatment included were 100% FC (control), 50% FC (moderate) and 25% FC (severe drought) during vegetative stage. The morphological analysis of plant (plant height, number of leaves and tillers and root architecture) showed cultivars P1, P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The physiological analysis (plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration, and transpiration rate) showed cultivar P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The high levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during drought conditions were observed in P5, P6, and P7 cultivars. Based on the relative water content, membrane stability index and proline levels, highest-resistance cultivar was P5 and P7 while the cultivar with high sensitivity to drought stress was P3. Based on the morphophysiological characteristics, it can be concluded that P5, P6, and P7 cultivar have the potential as drought-tolerant rice.

Download Full-text

Some Growth Responses of Tomatoes to Soil Compaction

Soil Science Society of America Journal ◽

10.2136/sssaj1959.03615995002300030011x ◽

1959 ◽

Vol 23 (3) ◽

pp. 188-191 ◽

Cited By ~ 20

Author(s):

W. J. Flocker ◽

J. A. Vomocil ◽

F. D. Howard

Keyword(s):

Soil Compaction ◽

Growth Responses

Download Full-text

Soil properties, aspen, and white spruce responses 5 years after organic matter removal and compaction treatments

Canadian Journal of Forest Research ◽

10.1139/x05-175 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 35 (8) ◽

pp. 2045-2055 ◽

Cited By ~ 23

Author(s):

Richard Kabzems ◽

Sybille Haeussler

Keyword(s):

Organic Matter ◽

Soil Properties ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

Forest Floor ◽

White Spruce ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Ecosystem Dynamics ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Organic Matter Removal ◽

Reduced Height

Retaining organic matter and preventing soil compaction are important factors affecting the sustainability of managed forests. To assess how these factors affect short-term ecosystem dynamics, pre-treatment and 1 year and 5 year post-treatment soil properties and post-treatment tree growth responses were examined in a boreal trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) dominated ecosystem in northeastern British Columbia, Canada. The experiment used a completely randomized design with three levels of organic matter removal (tree stems only; stems and slash; stems, slash, and forest floor) and three levels of soil compaction (none, intermediate (2-cm impression), heavy (5-cm impression)). Removal of the forest floor initially stimulated aspen regeneration and significantly reduced height growth of aspen and white spruce (Picea glauca (Moench) Voss). The compaction treatments had no effect on aspen regeneration density. At year 5, heights of both aspen and white spruce were negatively correlated (r2 > 0.31, p < 0.0001) with upper mineral soil bulk density and were lowest on forest floor removal treatments, where minimal recovery from compaction was observed. There was some evidence for recovery of soil properties to preharvest conditions where expansion of herbaceous vegetation increased soil organic matter.

Download Full-text

Morphology of lateral roots of twelve rice cultivars of Bangladesh: dimension increase and diameter reduction in progressive root branching at the vegetative stage

Plant Root ◽

10.3117/plantroot.9.34 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 9 (0) ◽

pp. 34-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Arif Hasan Khan Robin ◽

Parth Sarothi Saha

Keyword(s):

Lateral Roots ◽

Vegetative Stage ◽

Rice Cultivars ◽

Root Branching ◽

Diameter Reduction

Download Full-text

GROWSCREEN-Rhizo is a novel phenotyping robot enabling simultaneous measurements of root and shoot growth for plants grown in soil-filled rhizotrons

Functional Plant Biology ◽

10.1071/fp12023 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 39 (11) ◽

pp. 891 ◽

Cited By ~ 170

Author(s):

Kerstin A. Nagel ◽

Alexander Putz ◽

Frank Gilmer ◽

Kathrin Heinz ◽

Andreas Fischbach ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Root System ◽

Soil Compaction ◽

High Throughput Screening ◽

Field Experiments ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Field Research ◽

Root Systems ◽

Moderate Increase ◽

Growth Responses ◽

Shoot Height

Root systems play an essential role in ensuring plant productivity. Experiments conducted in controlled environments and simulation models suggest that root geometry and responses of root architecture to environmental factors should be studied as a priority. However, compared with aboveground plant organs, roots are not easily accessible by non-invasive analyses and field research is still based almost completely on manual, destructive methods. Contributing to reducing the gap between laboratory and field experiments, we present a novel phenotyping system (GROWSCREEN-Rhizo), which is capable of automatically imaging roots and shoots of plants grown in soil-filled rhizotrons (up to a volume of ~18 L) with a throughput of 60 rhizotrons per hour. Analysis of plants grown in this setup is restricted to a certain plant size (up to a shoot height of 80 cm and root-system depth of 90 cm). We performed validation experiments using six different species and for barley and maize, we studied the effect of moderate soil compaction, which is a relevant factor in the field. First, we found that the portion of root systems that is visible through the rhizotrons’ transparent plate is representative of the total root system. The percentage of visible roots decreases with increasing average root diameter of the plant species studied and depends, to some extent, on environmental conditions. Second, we could measure relatively minor changes in root-system architecture induced by a moderate increase in soil compaction. Taken together, these findings demonstrate the good potential of this methodology to characterise root geometry and temporal growth responses with relatively high spatial accuracy and resolution for both monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous species. Our prototype will allow the design of high-throughput screening methodologies simulating environmental scenarios that are relevant in the field and will support breeding efforts towards improved resource use efficiency and stability of crop yields.

Download Full-text