scholarly journals Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia during vegetative stage

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yustina Carolina Febrianti Salsinha ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Yekti Asih Purwestri ◽  
Diah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Stability Index ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Physiological Analysis ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Salsinha Y C F, Indradewa D, Purwestri Y A, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of drought-tolerant local rice cultivars from East Nusa Tenggara during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 170-178. East Nusa Tenggara (NTT), with the predominance of dry climate, has the potential of the plant with high tolerance to drought. This research was conducted to select drought-tolerant rice cultivars. There were eight NTT-rice cultivars tested: Pak morin (P1), Mapan (P2), Pak Mutin (P3), Gogo Fatuhao (P4), Seratus-malam Boawae (P5), Padi-Putih Kuatnana (P6), Padi-Putih Maumere (P7) and Gogo Sikka (P8) with 2 control cultivars tested: Ciherang (drought- susceptible) and IR-64 (drought tolerant). The treatment included were 100% FC (control), 50% FC (moderate) and 25% FC (severe drought) during vegetative stage. The morphological analysis of plant (plant height, number of leaves and tillers and root architecture) showed cultivars P1, P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The physiological analysis (plant photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, intercellular CO2-concentration, and transpiration rate) showed cultivar P5 and P6 possess the best characteristics for tolerating drought. The high levels of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during drought conditions were observed in P5, P6, and P7 cultivars. Based on the relative water content, membrane stability index and proline levels, highest-resistance cultivar was P5 and P7 while the cultivar with high sensitivity to drought stress was P3. Based on the morphophysiological characteristics, it can be concluded that P5, P6, and P7 cultivar have the potential as drought-tolerant rice.

scholarly journals Selection of local swamp rice cultivars from Kalimantan (Indonesia) tolerant to iron stress during vegetative stage

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (12) ◽  
Author(s):  
Vina Novianti ◽  
Didik Indradewa ◽  
Maryani MARYANI ◽  
Diah Rachmawati
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Length ◽  
Iron Toxicity ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Enzyme Analysis ◽  
Percentage Increase ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Iron Stress ◽  
Potential Region ◽  
Biochemical Component ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract. Novianti V, Indradewa D, Maryani, Rachmawati D. 2020. Selection of local swamp rice cultivars from Kalimantan (Indonesia) tolerant to iron stress during vegetative stage. Biodiversitas 21: 5595-5606. Kalimantan with the large swamp area is a potential region in Indonesia to develop local rice cultivars with high tolerance to iron toxicity in tidal lowlands. This research was conducted to select iron toxicity-tolerant in local Kalimantan-rice cultivars, namely: Amas (AMS), Pandan Ungu (PDU), Kambang (KMB), Suatek Merah (SM), Siam Unus Mayang (SUM), Siam Unus Kuning (SUK), and Siam 11 Panjang (S11P). As control, two rice cultivars: Ciherang (iron toxicity-susceptible) and Inpara 5 (iron toxicity-tolerant) were also used. The seeds were grown hydroponically for 35 DAP (days after planting) in Yoshida nutrient solution containing 0 ppm (control), 100 ppm (low), and 400 ppm (high) FeS2 as pyrite treatments. Morphological analysis (plant height, leaf length and width, and leaves number) showed that PDU and KMB cultivars have better characters for tolerating iron toxicity. The highest level of chlorophyll and carotenoid contents during iron toxicity treatment was observed in KMB cultivar. AMS cultivar had the highest proline level under high iron stress. Antioxidant enzyme analysis showed that AMS, PDU, and KMB cultivars had a high percentage increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) enzymes when exposed to high pyrite conditions. Based on morphophysiological characteristics, biochemical component, and enzymatic antioxidant activity, it can be concluded that AMS, PDU, and KMB cultivars are potential candidates as iron toxicity-tolerant rice.

scholarly journals Selection of Tomato and Cucumber Accessions for Waterlogging Sensitivity through Morpho-Physiological Assessment at an Early Vegetative Stage

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1490
Author(s):  
Anna Kołton ◽  
Kinga Kęska ◽  
Małgorzata Czernicka
Keyword(s):  
Root Zone ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Stress Factors ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Waterlogging Stress ◽  
Test Parameters ◽  
Physiological Assessment ◽  
Selection For ◽  
Selection Of

Waterlogging anomalies have recently increased, causing a reduction in yield and the loss of billions of dollars. Plant selection for increased tolerance to stress factors requires parameters with high sensitivity, as well as fast and inexpensive measurements. The aim of this study was to select tomato and cucumber accessions that reveal sensitivity and tolerance to waterlogging stress at an early vegetative stage. The selection of effective criteria for assessing plants was also an important issue. A total of 19 cucumber (including four highly homozygous) and 16 tomato accessions were evaluated, and plants with three true leaves were examined. The root zone of stressed plants was waterlogged for 7 days in a deep container. Morphological and physiological characteristics were obtained after 7 days of treatment and used for cluster analysis for discrimination of tolerant and sensitive accessions. Significant decreases in Fv/F0, Fv/Fm, Area, PI ABS, ET0/ABS, and ET0/TR0 parameters, as well as increases in DI0/RC, were observed in sensitive accessions, with no changes in tolerant plants. The OJIP test parameters (Fv/F0, PI ABS, DI0/RC, and Area) were more sensitive in selecting for waterlogging stress than Fv/Fm. The present research can be used in breeding programs. Selected accessions will support a detailed explanation of the physiological differences in response to waterlogging stress in tomato and cucumber plants.

scholarly journals Responses and Differences in Tolerance to Water Shortage under Climatic Dryness Conditions in Seedlings from Quercus spp. and Andalusian Q. ilex Populations

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 707
Author(s):  
Bonoso San-Eufrasio ◽  
Rosa Sánchez-Lucas ◽  
Cristina López-Hidalgo ◽  
Victor M. Guerrero-Sánchez ◽  
María Ángeles Castillejo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Population Level ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Water Shortage ◽  
Total Amino Acid ◽  
Leaf Water Content ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Quercus Spp ◽  
Damage Symptoms ◽  
Selection Of

Analyzing differences in tolerance to drought in Quercus spp., and the characterization of these responses at the species and individual population level, are imperative for the selection of resilient elite genotypes in reforestation programs. The main objective of this work was to evaluate differences in the response and tolerance to water shortage under in five Quercus spp. and five Andalusian Q. ilex populations at the inter- and intraspecies level. Six-month-old seedlings grown in perlite were subjected to drought treatments by withholding water for 28 days under mean 37 °C temperature, 28 W m−2 solar irradiance, and 41% humidity. The use of perlite as the substrate enabled the establishment of severe drought stress with reduction in water availability from 73% (field capacity) to 28% (dryness), corresponding to matric potentials of 0 and −30 kPa. Damage symptoms, mortality rate, leaf water content, photosynthetic, and biochemical parameters (amino acids, sugars, phenolics, and pigments) were determined. At the phenotypic level, based on damage symptoms and mortality, Q. ilex behaved as the most drought tolerant species. Drought caused a significant decrease in leaf fluorescence, photosynthesis rate, and stomatal conductance in all Quercus spp. analyzed, being less pronounced in Q. ilex. There were not differences between irrigated and non-irrigated Q. ilex seedlings in the content of sugar and photosynthetic pigments, while the total amino acid and phenolic content significantly increased under drought conditions. As a response to drought, living Q. ilex seedlings adjust stomata opening and gas exchange, and keep hydrated, photosynthetically active, and metabolically competent. At the population level, based on damage symptoms, mortality, and physiological parameters, the eastern Andalusian populations were more tolerant than the western ones. These observations inform the basis for the selection of resilient genotypes to be used in breeding and reforestation programs.

scholarly journals Identification of Drought Tolerant Chickpea Genotypes Through Multi Trait Stability Index

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tamoor Hussain ◽  
Zahid Akram ◽  
Ghulam Shabbir ◽  
Abdul Manaf ◽  
Mukhtar Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Stability Index ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Trait Stability

scholarly journals Molecular and Physiological Responses of Rice and Weedy Rice to Heat and Drought Stress

Agriculture ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9
Author(s):  
Leonard Bonilha Piveta ◽  
Nilda Roma-Burgos ◽  
José Alberto Noldin ◽  
Vívian Ebeling Viana ◽  
Claudia de Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Tiller Number ◽  
Weedy Rice ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
World Population ◽  
Rice Grain ◽  
Rice Cultivars

Rice is the staple food for about half of the world population. Rice grain yield and quality are affected by climatic changes. Arguably, rice cultivars’ genetic diversity is diminished from decades of breeding using narrow germplasm, requiring introgressions from other Oryza species, weedy or wild. Weedy rice has high genetic diversity, which is an essential resource for rice crop improvement. Here, we analyzed the phenotypic, physiological, and molecular profiles of two rice cultivars (IRGA 424 and SCS119 Rubi) and five weedy rice (WR), from five different Brazilian regions, in response to heat and drought stress. Drought and heat stress affected the phenotype and photosynthetic parameters in different ways in rice and WR genotypes. A WR from Northern Brazil yielded better under heat stress than the non-stressed check. Drought stress upregulated HSF7A while heat stress upregulated HSF2a. HSP74.8, HSP80.2, and HSP24.1 were upregulated in both conditions. Based on all evaluated traits, we hypothesized that in drought conditions increasing HSFA7 expression is related to tiller number and that increase WUE (water use efficiency) and HSFA2a expression are associated with yield. In heat conditions, Gs (stomatal conductance) and E’s increases may be related to plant height; tiller number is inversely associated with HSPs expression, and chlorophyll content and Ci (intercellular CO2 concentration) may be related to yield. Based on morphology, physiology, and gene regulation in heat and drought stress, we can discriminate genotypes that perform well under these stress conditions and utilize such genotypes as a source of genetic diversity for rice breeding.

scholarly journals Photosynthesis and Related Physiological Parameters Differences Affected the Isoprene Emission Rate among 10 Typical Tree Species in Subtropical Metropolises

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 954
Author(s):  
Junyao Lyu ◽  
Feng Xiong ◽  
Ningxiao Sun ◽  
Yiheng Li ◽  
Chunjiang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Photosynthetic Rate ◽  
Tree Species ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Emission Rate ◽  
Intercellular Co2 Concentration ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Single Species ◽  
Photosynthetic Parameters ◽  
Emission Rates ◽  
Isoprene Emission

Volatile organic compound (VOCs) emission is an important cause of photochemical smog and particulate pollution in urban areas, and urban vegetation has been presented as an important source. Different tree species have different emission levels, so adjusting greening species collocation is an effective way to control biogenic VOC pollution. However, there is a lack of measurements of tree species emission in subtropical metropolises, and the factors influencing the species-specific differences need to be further clarified. This study applied an in situ method to investigate the isoprene emission rates of 10 typical tree species in subtropical metropolises. Photosynthesis and related parameters including photosynthetic rate, intercellular CO2 concentration, stomatal conductance, and transpiration rate, which can influence the emission rate of a single species, were also measured. Results showed Salix babylonica always exhibited a high emission level, whereas Elaeocarpus decipiens and Ligustrum lucidum maintained a low level throughout the year. Differences in photosynthetic rate and stomatal CO2 conductance are the key parameters related to isoprene emission among different plants. Through the establishment of emission inventory and determination of key photosynthetic parameters, the results provide a reference for the selection of urban greening species, as well as seasonal pollution control, and help to alleviate VOC pollution caused by urban forests.

Modern nanobiotechnologies for efficient detection and remediation of mercury

Sensor Review ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mulayam Singh Gaur ◽  
Rajni Yadav ◽  
Mamta Kushwah ◽  
Anna Nikolaevna Berlina
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Environmental Water ◽  
Mercury Ions ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Efficient Detection ◽  
Sensitivity And Selectivity ◽  
Selection Of

Purpose This information will be useful in the selection of materials and technology for the detection and removal of mercury ions at a low cost and with high sensitivity and selectivity. The purpose of this study is to provide the useful information for selection of materials and technology to detect and remove the mercury ions from water with high sensitivity and selectivity. The purpose of this study is to provide the useful information for selection of materials and technology to detect and remove the mercury ions from water with high sensitivity and selectivity. Design/methodology/approach Different nano- and bio-materials allowed for the development of a variety of biosensors – colorimetric, chemiluminescent, electrochemical, whole-cell and aptasensors – are described. The materials used for their development also make it possible to use them in removing heavy metals, which are toxic contaminants, from environmental water samples. Findings This review focuses on different technologies, tools and materials for mercury (heavy metals) detection and remediation to environmental samples. Originality/value This review gives up-to-date and systemic information on modern nanotechnology methods for heavy metal detection. Different recognition molecules and nanomaterials have been discussed for remediation to water samples. The present review may provide valuable information to researchers regarding novel mercury ions detection sensors and encourage them for further research/development.

Genetic variation in an orchardgrass population promises successful direct or indirect selection of superior drought tolerant genotypes

2018 ◽  
Vol 137 (6) ◽  
pp. 928-935 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mozhgan Abtahi ◽  
Mohammad Mahdi Majidi ◽  
Behnam Hoseini ◽  
Aghafakhr Mirlohi ◽  
Bahram Araghi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variation ◽  
Indirect Selection ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Selection Of

scholarly journals Competition between drought-tolerant upland rice cultivars and weeds under water stress condition

2013 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 291-302 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.B. Cerqueira ◽  
E.A.L. Erasmo ◽  
J.I.C. Silva ◽  
T.V. Nunes ◽  
G.P. Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Stress Condition ◽  
Upland Rice ◽  
Total Concentration ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Drought Tolerant ◽  
Water Stress Condition ◽  
Water Conditions

The objective of this study was to evaluate the competitiveness of two cultivars of upland rice drought-tolerant, cultured in coexistence with weed S. verticillata, under conditions of absence and presence of water stress. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse at the Experimental Station of the Universidade Federal de Tocantins, Gurupi-TO Campus. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial 2 x 2 x 4 with four replications. The treatments consisted of two rice cultivars under two water conditions and four densities. At 57 days after emergence, were evaluated in rice cultivars and weed S. verticillata leaf area, dry weight of roots and shoots and total concentration and depth of roots. Was also evaluated in rice cultivars, plant height and number of tillers. Water stress caused a reduction in leaf area, the concentration of roots and vegetative components of dry matter (APDM, and MSR MST) of rice cultivars and Jatoba Catetão and weed S. verticillata. The competition established by the presence of the weed provided reduction of all vegetative components (MSPA, and MSR MST) of cultivars and Jatoba Catetão. It also decreased the number of tillers, the concentration of roots and leaf area. At the highest level of weed competition with rice cultivars, a greater decrease in vegetative components and leaf area of culture, regardless of water conditions.

Prescreening in large populations as a tool for identifying elevated CO2-responsive genotypes in plants

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki Shimono ◽  
Graham Farquhar ◽  
Matthew Brookhouse ◽  
Florian A. Busch ◽  
Anthony O'Grady ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Co2 Concentration ◽  
Elevated Atmospheric Co2 ◽  
High Performing ◽  
Active Selection ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Large Populations ◽  
Increase Productivity ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Selection Of

Elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration (e[CO2]) can stimulate the photosynthesis and productivity of C3 species including food and forest crops. Intraspecific variation in responsiveness to e[CO2] can be exploited to increase productivity under e[CO2]. However, active selection of genotypes to increase productivity under e[CO2] is rarely performed across a wide range of germplasm, because of constraints of space and the cost of CO2 fumigation facilities. If we are to capitalise on recent advances in whole genome sequencing, approaches are required to help overcome these issues of space and cost. Here, we discuss the advantage of applying prescreening as a tool in large genome×e[CO2] experiments, where a surrogate for e[CO2] was used to select cultivars for more detailed analysis under e[CO2] conditions. We discuss why phenotypic prescreening in population-wide screening for e[CO2] responsiveness is necessary, what approaches could be used for prescreening for e[CO2] responsiveness, and how the data can be used to improve genetic selection of high-performing cultivars. We do this within the framework of understanding the strengths and limitations of genotype–phenotype mapping.

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