Relationship between malt qualities and β-amylase activity and protein content as affected by timing of nitrogen fertilizer application

SUMMARYVarietal and environmental factors which influence test weight were investigated in a field trial with ten varieties of winter wheat and two rates of nitrogen fertilizer. Varietal differences in test weight were correlated positively with the protein content of the grain and inversely with grain yield but they were not related to 1000-grain weight or to flour yield. Variation in test weight associated with varietal and environmental effects in protein content was due to differences in the density of the grain, as measured by displacement of xylene. Separation into density grades within a sample by a flotation method showed a similar relationship with protein content. There were also varietal differences in packing efficiency of the grain. In the case of Maris Huntsman a poor packing efficiency was considered to stem from morphological features of the floret and developing grain which lead to characteristic transverse folds in the ventral surface of the mature grain. For wheat grown in the United Kingdom, test weight may provide a useful guide to flour yield for samples of one variety but it is likely to be misleading for comparisons between varieties.

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Milk production from cows grazing on tropical grass pastures. 1. Effects of stocking rate and level of nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture and diet

Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture ◽

10.1071/ea9850505 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 25 (3) ◽

pp. 505 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

TM Davison ◽

RT Cowan ◽

RK Shepherd ◽

P Martin

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Milk Production ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Crude Protein ◽

Dry Matter ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Stocking Rate ◽

Crude Protein Content ◽

Stocking Rates ◽

Applied Nitrogen

A 3-year experiment was conducted at Kairi Research Station on the Atherton Tablelands, Queensland, to determine the effects of stocking rate and applied nitrogen fertilizer on the pasture yield and composition, diet selection by cows, and soil fertility of Gatton panic (Panicum maximum cv. Gatton) pastures. Thirty-two Friesian cows were used in a 4x2 factorial design: four stocking rates (2.0, 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 cows/ha), each at two rates of fertilizer application 200 and 400 kg N/ha.year. The higher rate of fertilization increased the pasture green dry matter on offer at all samplings (P < 0.01); the increase ranged from 1 106 kg/ha in summer to 548 kg/ha in spring. Green dry matter decreased ( P< 0.0 1) with increasing stocking rate, with mean yields of 3736 and 2384 kg/ha at 2.0 and 3.5 cows/ha, respectively. Weed yields increased over the 3 years at the higher stocking rates for pastures receiving 200 kg N/ha.year. The crude protein content of leaf and stem increased with increasing stocking rate and amount of applied nitrogen fertilizer. Values ranged from 12.1 to 26.5% of dry matter (DM) in leaf and from 3.7 to 13.8% DM in stem. In leaf, sodium concentration (range 0.05-0.20% DM) was increased, while phosphorus concentration (range 0.21-0.44% DM) was decreased by the higher rate of fertilizer application. Plant sodium and phosphorus levels were inadequate for high levels of milk production. Dietary leaf content and crude protein contents were consistently increased by both a reduced stocking rate, and the higher rate of fertilization. Cows were able to select for leaf and at the lowest stocking rate, leaf in the diet averaged 38%; while the leaf content of the pasture was 20%. Dietary leaf content ranged from 38 to 57% in summer and from 11 to 36% in winter. Dietary crude protein ranged from 13 to 15% in summer and from 7 to 11% in winter and was positively correlated with pasture crude protein content and dietary leaf percentage. Soil pH decreased (P<0.05) from an overall mean of 6.3 in 1976 to 6.1 at 200 N and 5.8 at 400 N in 1979. Soil phosphorus status remained stable, while calcium and magnesium levels were lower (P<0.01) after 3 years.

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Effect of rates and timing of nitrogen fertilizer on the grain protein content of wheat (Triticum aestivum), grown in two contrasting seasons in South East England

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600070623 ◽

1992 ◽

Vol 118 (3) ◽

pp. 265-269 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. A. Sajo ◽

D. H. Scarisbrick ◽

A. G. Clewer

Keyword(s):

Protein Content ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Grain Protein Content ◽

Early Summer ◽

Grain Protein ◽

Summer Drought ◽

Growing Seasons ◽

South East England

SUMMARYA field experiment was carried out at the Wye College Farm during 1988 and 1989. The aim was to study the effects of three rates and timings of nitrogen fertilizer application on the grain protein content of spring wheat cv. Axona. Results demonstrated that timing of fertilizer application was more important than the rate of nitrogen used. Grain protein development and final grain protein contents are discussed in relation to the seasonal variations experienced during the 1988 and 1989 growing seasons in South East England. Due to the early February sowing in 1989, grain protein content was not affected by the summer drought. Thus, the advantage of early sowing of spring wheat to reduce the detrimental effect of early summer drought on the grain protein content is emphasised.

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Protein Content of Winter Wheat in Relation to Rate and Time of Nitrogen Fertilizer Application 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1973.00021962006500050029x ◽

1973 ◽

Vol 65 (5) ◽

pp. 772-774 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Albert S. Hunter ◽

George Stanford

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Protein Content ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Fertilizer Application

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Effects of spring nitrogen fertilizer on the Hagberg falling number of grain from breadmaking varieties of winter wheat

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s002185960008730x ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 107 (2) ◽

pp. 475-477 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

M. J. Gooding ◽

P. S. Kettlewell ◽

W. P. Davies ◽

T. J. Hocking

Keyword(s):

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

European Economic Community ◽

Amylase Activity ◽

Quality Measurement ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Alpha Amylase ◽

Nitrogen Application ◽

Falling Number ◽

Previous Suggestion ◽

Hagberg Falling Number

Hagberg falling number (HFN) is used to estimate alpha-amylase activity in wheat grain (Perten, 1964) and it is utilized by flour millers and the Intervention Agencies of the European Economic Community as a grain quality measurement for breadmaking (Anon. 1983). High nitrogen fertilizer application can lead to lodging and can decrease HFN (Brun, 1982). This may result from damp conditions around the ear encouraging germination, and therefore increasing alpha-amylase activity (Stewart, 1984). However, since nitrogen application can also delay maturity, it has been suggested that this influence could maintain high falling number (Anon. 1985). Pushman & Bingham (1976) found that increased nitrogen application decreased alpha-amylase activity, lending support to the previous suggestion, but contrasting with the results of Brun (1982).

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Influence of a BactoFil microbiological preparation on the intensity of infection by Rhizoctonia solani and the effects on sugar beet yield and quality

Sugar Industry ◽

10.36961/si12584 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 102-109

Author(s):

Suzana Kristek ◽

Andrija Kristek ◽

Dragana Kocevski ◽

Antonija K. Jankovi ◽

Dražen Juriši

Keyword(s):

Sugar Beet ◽

Rhizoctonia Solani ◽

Nitrogen Fertilizer ◽

Soil Analysis ◽

Block Design ◽

Sugar Content ◽

Pathogenic Fungi ◽

Fertilizer Application ◽

Beet Root ◽

Set Up

The experiment was set up on two types of the soil: Mollic Gleysols (FAO, 1998) and Eutric Cambisols where the presence of pathogenic fungi – sugar beet root decay agent – Rhizoctonia solani has been detected since 2005. In a two year study (2008, 2009), the experiment was set up by completely randomized block design in 4 repetitions and 16 different variants. Two beet varieties, Belinda, sensitive to pathogenic fungi R. solani, and Laetitia, tolerant to pathogenic fungi R. solani), were grown. The microbiological preparation BactoFil was applied in different amounts in autumn and spring. In addition, the nitrogen fertilizer application, based on the results of soil analysis, was varied. The following parameters were tested: amount of infected and decayed plants, root yield, sugar content, sugar in molasses and sugar yield. The best results were obtained by applying the microbiological preparation BactoFil, and by 30% reduced nitrogen fertilizer application. Preparation dosage and time of application depended on soil properties.

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