Sherlock's “Brain-Attic”: Information Culture and the Liberal Professional Dilemma

PMLA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyoko Takanashi
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Critical Distance ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Sherlock Holmes ◽  
Information Culture ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions ◽  
Professional Dilemma

Situating Arthur Conan Doyle's Sherlock Holmes stories in the context of late Victorian information culture shows how Holmes's professionalism worries the line between information and knowledge, surveillance institutions and liberal society. Because of his information savvy, Holmes has often been considered a figure of surveillance. A closer look at the Holmes narratives, however, reveals that he occupies a more ambiguous place—while his surveillance techniques seem to align him with bureaucratic institutions, he asserts his independence from state institutions and acts as a liberal agent concerned with information sharing and the moral well-being of society. Holmes's cognitive process strikes a balance between data and narrative, allowing him to maintain a critical distance essential to his professionalism and liberalism.

Impulsivity traits and the rational cognitive process of entrepreneurship: empirical evidence from Vietnam

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xuan Hau Doan ◽  
Trung Thanh Le ◽  
Cong Doanh Duong ◽  
Thi Phuong Linh Nguyen ◽  
Duc Dung Tran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Process ◽  
Cognitive Strategies ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Entrepreneurial Intention ◽  
Perceived Behavioral Control ◽  
Bootstrap Sample ◽  
Adhd Symptoms ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Business Venturing

PurposeThis study aims to integrate predictions from clinical psychology and UPPS impulsivity with the theory of planned behaviors (TPB) to draw a conceptual framework and test the prediction that attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms, impulsivity would contribute to the prediction of the reasoned cognitive process of entrepreneurship over and above key predictors from an extended TPB model.Design/methodology/approachThis study utilized a sample of 2,482 students from 14 universities/institutes in Vietnam; confirmatory factor analysis was employed to test the validity and reliability. Then, regression analysis with PROCESS macro approach (5,000 bootstrap sample and 95% confidence interval) was employed to estimate the association paths and multiple mediators.FindingsThe study reveals that ADHD symptoms and impulsivity substantially contribute to the exploration of an entrepreneurial intention throughout TPB predictors, with those higher in ADHD symptoms and impulsivity having higher intentions to engage in business venturing. Moreover, UPPS impulsiveness might valuably be incorporated with TPB predictors while predicting behaviors that are often examined as the process of rational cognitive strategies business venturing.Practical implicationsThis study showed that a start-up business can be seen as a career choice for students who exhibit extensive ADHD symptoms to use their talents effectively, thus contributing to creating value for society and improving personal well-being.Originality/valueThis article stood to make contributions to entrepreneurship literature by investigating the effects of ADHD symptoms, four impulsivity traits on an entrepreneurial intention via three precursors in TPB, including attitude toward entrepreneurship, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control.

scholarly journals Constitutional amendment in Laos

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (3) ◽  
pp. 756-786
Author(s):  
Ngoc Son Bui
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Term Limits ◽  
Constitutional Amendment ◽  
Executive Power ◽  
Constitutional Amendments ◽  
Human Rights Protection ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Rights Protection ◽  
New Institutions ◽  
Constitutional System

Abstract Laos, a socialist state in Southeast Asia, adopted an amended Constitution in 2015. This article investigates and explains this experience from the perspective of comparative constitutional amendment, supported by a qualitative empirical methodology: extensive formal interviews with several local constitutional amenders and informal conversations with a local lawyer and several legal scholars. It argues that Laos has introduced progressive constitutional amendments—notably, the redefinition of the position, structure, and functions of state institutions, including the imposition of term limits on executive power holders; strengthened commitment to a market economy; new commitments to human rights protection, judicial independence, and adversarial trials; and the creation of new institutions, namely, the local people’s councils, the state audit, and the election committee—to facilitate the improvement of its socialist constitutional system which in turn will promote the improvement of the material well-being of the living conditions of local people.

Joyful information activities in serious leisure: looking for pleasure, passion and purpose

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yazdan Mansourian
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Social Engagement ◽  
Cultural Policy ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Wagga Wagga ◽  
Serious Leisure ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Information Behaviour

PurposeThis paper provides selective findings from a broader research project on information behaviours in serious leisure. This paper focuses on the positive feelings of information seeking and sharing in this context, aiming to capture and contextualise the joy of information embedded in and inspired by leisure activities.Design/methodology/approachThe required data were obtained using semi-structured interviews with 20 serious leisure participants from Wagga Wagga city in Australia, recruited via a maximum variation sampling technique. The data were fully transcribed and analysed based on a qualitative thematic analysis method.FindingsThe joy of information is embedded within a wide spectrum of information activities in serious leisure ranging from information seeking and browsing to information sharing and information creation. Among all these activities, information sharing with peers and a broader audience is the most joyful experience because it often generates social engagement, a sense of belonging and friendship. Moreover, serious leisure is a productive ground to transform hedonic wellness into eudaimonic well-being, while continuous information seeking and sharing play a significant role in achieving this goal.Practical implicationsInformation system designers can use the findings to consider the emotional aspects of information seeking and sharing to improve the usability of their products. At the policy level, cultural policy writers and decision-makers can make more informed decisions to support serious leisure.Originality/valueThis study explores the joyful aspects of information behaviour in a unique context. Exploring the joy of information is an emerging topic in human information behaviour scholarship, and the existing knowledge on this issue is still limited. This paper can contribute to creating new knowledge in this emerging area.

Turning Peasants into Modern Chinese Citizens: “Population Quality” Discourse, Demographic Transition and Primary Education

2004 ◽  
Vol 177 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rachel Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Identity Formation ◽  
Education System ◽  
Demographic Transition ◽  
Primary Schools ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Policy Enforcement ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Patriotic Education ◽  
Population Quality

The all-embracing discourse of population quality (suzhi) is put to work through rural primary schools in ways that help state institutions implement policies such as accelerating demographic transition, restructuring the education system, professionalizing labour markets, promoting agricultural skills training, instituting economic liberalism and carrying out patriotic education. Suzhi discourse facilitates policy implementation in four ways. First, it imbues disparate policies with seeming coherence. Secondly, by articulating a diverse set of policies through suzhi discourse, including state retreat from welfare provisioning, state institutions can be seen to be working to improve people's well-being. Thirdly, in making people responsible for raising their own quality, the need to improve suzhi is an explanation and a prescription when individuals are adversely affected by policies. Finally, suzhi discourse encourages individuals to regulate their conduct in accordance with the political drift of society. By enfolding suzhi norms into identity formation, the education system shapes each individual's ongoing process of “becoming” in ways that parallel the nation's modernization, thereby reducing the costs of policy enforcement.

scholarly journals Affective bureaucratic relations: File practices in a European deportation unit and criminal court

2020 ◽  
pp. 239965442097747
Author(s):  
Lieke Wissink ◽  
Irene van Oorschot
Keyword(s):  
Criminal Court ◽  
Sovereign Power ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
Ethnographic Fieldwork ◽  
Paper Work ◽  
Bureaucratic Institutions ◽  
The Relationship

Indifference has long been acknowledged as a crucial affect to the continuation of bureaucratic practices. Recently, the production of more diverse and layered affective modes in bureaucratic institutions is increasingly highlighted. However, how affects differ within and between sites saturated with ‘paper work’ remains an understudied terrain. In this paper we focus on the relations that are formed in daily file-work within two state institutions: a Deportation Unit and a Criminal Court. We draw on ethnographic fieldwork in order to show that a) affects are locally produced in the relations that are mobilized in file-work b) these affects are unevenly produced within and between different bureaucratic practices. By comparing two different bureaucratic settings yet related in the subjugation they demand of the bureaucratic referent of their practices, we aim to put forward how differences in bureaucratic practice come with their own specific affective modes, showing that bureaucratic practices are saturated in, and thrive on, diverse affects of varying intensity. Bureaucratic action is a deeply affective practice, within which the relationship between caseworker, casefile, and the file’s referent is carefully calibrated. With this intervention we position ourselves within scholarship that complicates perceived dichotomies between rationality, still often associated with bureaucracy, and affect. Developing sensitivities towards such variety of bureaucratic affect offers nuanced perspectives on file-work and what kind of sovereign power the relations that are made through file-work subsequently allow to be reproduced.

scholarly journals Does sharing memories make us feel closer? The roles of memory type and culture

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Guan ◽  
Qi Wang
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Personal Information ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Autobiographical Memories ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Relationship Closeness ◽  
European Americans ◽  
Conversational Partner ◽  
Types Of Information

The present study investigated in a cross-cultural context whether sharing different types of memories would differentially influence perceived relationship closeness and how that, in turn, was related to psychological well-being. Participants (N = 410) from European American and Asian cultural backgrounds reported their feelings of closeness to a conversational partner in hypothetical scenarios following five types of information sharing: specific and general autobiographical memories, specific and general vicarious memories, and non-personal information. Asians felt closer to the conversational partner than did European Americans following all types of information sharing, consistent with the greater interdependent value orientation among Asians. While sharing autobiographical memories led to greater closeness than sharing vicarious memories for both groups, sharing specific autobiographical memories appeared most effective to develop relationship closeness for European Americans. Perceived relationship closeness following memory-sharing was positively associated with psychological well-being across cultures.

scholarly journals Caring During COVID-19: Inequalities in Resource- and Information-Sharing by Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. 170-171
Author(s):  
Sung Park
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Resource Sharing ◽  
Information Seeking ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Safety Net ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Race Ethnicity ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
One Year

Abstract Americans experienced significant challenges as a result of the pandemic, further magnifying the weak U.S. social safety net. With few institutional supports available, individuals turned to each other for assistance. Relying on multiple nationally representative surveys, this study examines resource-sharing by race, ethnicity, and nativity over a one-year period during COVID-19. Furthermore, this study examines knowledge-related behaviors, such as information-seeking and information-sharing, which were also important tools utilized during the pandemic. Differences in both resource- and information-sharing contributed to disparities in the perceptions of risk, the reported levels of need, and concomitant behaviors linked to well-being. This research emphasizes the importance of personal relationships during times of crisis, and the role of social connections in shaping health and economic inequalities between minority- and non-minority populations.

Ethical Issues in Oocyte Donation

2021 ◽  
pp. 123-135
Author(s):  
Susan C. Klock
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Ethical Issues ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Oocyte Donation ◽  
Female Infertility ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Gamete Donation ◽  
Psychological Well Being ◽  
Reproductive Process

Oocyte or gamete donation has allowed for the reproductive process to be broken down into its component parts (genetic mother, gestating mother, and rearing mother) and has introduced the inclusion of a third party for female infertility. Gamete donation has enabled previously infertile individuals to have children. This chapter reviews three ethical issues in gamete donation: the payment of donors, the medical and psychological well-being of donors after donation, and the issues related to information sharing between donors, parents and offspring.

A normative approach to the criminalisation of cartel activity

Legal Studies ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 369-395 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bruce Wardhaugh
Keyword(s):  
Consumer Surplus ◽  
Hard Core ◽  
Social Institutions ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Individual Choice ◽  
Liberal Society ◽  
Veil Of Ignorance ◽  
Welfare Losses ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Definition Of

Although cartel behaviour is almost universally (and rightly) condemned, it is not clear why cartel participants deserve the full wrath of the criminal law and its associated punishment. To fill this void, I develop a normative (or principled) justification for the criminalisation of conduct characteristic of ‘hard core’ cartels. The paper opens with a brief consideration of the rhetoric commonly used to denounce cartel activity, eg that it ‘steals from’ or ‘robs’ consumers. To put the discussion in context, a brief definition of ‘hard core’ cartel behaviour is provided and the harms associated with this activity are identified. These are: welfare losses in the form of appropriation (from consumer to producer) of consumer surplus, the creation of deadweight loss to the economy, the creation of productive inefficiency (hindering innovation of both products and processes), and the creation of so-called X-inefficiency. As not all activities which cause harm ought to be criminalised, a theory as to why certain harms in a liberal society can be criminalised is developed. It is based on JS Mill's harm to others principle (as refined by Feinberg) and on a choice of social institutions using Rawls's ‘veil of ignorance.’ The theory is centred on the value of individual choice in securing one's own well-being, with the market as an indispensable instrument for this. But as applied to the harm associated with cartel conduct, this theory shows that none of the earlier mentioned problems associated with this activity provide sufficient justification for criminalisation. However, as the harm from hard core cartel activity strikes at an important institution which permits an individual's ability to secure their own well-being in a liberal society, criminalisation of hard core cartel behaviour can have its normative justification on this basis.

scholarly journals Sharing Family Life Information Through Video Calls and Other Information and Communication Technologies and the Association With Family Well-Being: Population-Based Survey

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. e57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chen Shen ◽  
Man Ping Wang ◽  
Joanna TW Chu ◽  
Alice Wan ◽  
Kasisomayajula Viswanath ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Information Sharing ◽  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Family Members ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Information And Communication

Background The use of information and communication technologies (ICTs) for information sharing among family members is increasing dramatically. However, little is known about the associated factors and the influence on family well-being. Objective The authors investigated the pattern and social determinants of family life information sharing with family and the associations of different methods of sharing with perceived family health, happiness, and harmony (3Hs) in Hong Kong, where mobile phone ownership and Internet access are among the most prevalent, easiest, and fastest in the world. Methods A territory-wide population-based telephone survey was conducted from January to August 2016 on different methods of family life information (ie, information related to family communication, relationships with family members, emotion and stress management) sharing with family members, including face-to-face, phone, instant messaging (IM), social media sites, video calls, and email. Family well-being was assessed by three single items on perceived family health, happiness, and harmony, with higher scores indicating better family well-being. Adjusted prevalence ratios were used to assess the associations of sociodemographic factors with family life information sharing, and adjusted beta coefficients for family well-being. Results Of 2017 respondents, face-to-face was the most common method to share family life information (74.45%, 1502/2017), followed by IM (40.86%, 824/2017), phone (28.10%, 567/2017), social media sites (11.91%, 240/2017), video calls (5.89%, 119/2017), and email (5.48%, 111/2017). Younger age and higher education were associated with the use of any (at least one) method, face-to-face, IM, and social media sites for sharing family life information (all P for trend <.01). Higher education was most strongly associated with the use of video calls (adjusted prevalence ratio=5.61, 95% CI 2.29-13.74). Higher household income was significantly associated with the use of any method, face-to-face, and IM (all P for trend <.05). Sharing family life information was associated with a higher level of perceived family well-being (beta=0.56, 95% CI 0.37-0.75), especially by face-to-face (beta=0.62, 95% CI 0.45-0.80) and video calls (beta=0.34, 95% CI 0.04-0.65). The combination of face-to-face and video calls was most strongly associated with a higher level of perceived family well-being (beta=0.81, 95% CI 0.45-1.16). Conclusions The differential use of ICTs to share family life information was observed. The prevalence of video calls was low, but associated with much better family well-being. The results need to be confirmed by prospective and intervention studies to promote the use of video calls to communicate and share information with family, particularly in disadvantaged groups.

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