This chapter examines the key authors and texts that provided conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism with a distinctive aristocratic character: its paternalism, its scepticism about democracy, its discomfort with the commercial aspects of capitalism, and its belief in a hierarchy of ability. From their interwar origins, conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism were about more than the economic order. They were fundamentally about the kind of social and cultural order that was appropriate to a sustainable liberal society and that would stem the crisis of moral and intellectual values. Referencing of canonical texts with which the cultivated bourgeois intelligentsia was familiar had the additional value of endowing conservative liberals and Ordo-liberals with prestige. This chapter examines the most cited authors and texts in this literature: Lord John Acton, Julien Benda, Jacob Burckhardt, Johann Wolfgang Goethe, Gustave Le Bon, Frédéric Le Play, José Ortega y Gasset, Bertrand Russell, George Santayana, and Alexis de Tocqueville. It also looks at Friedrich Hayek’s attempt to establish the Acton-Tocqueville Society. These authors embodied a faith in an aristocracy of knowledge, a distrust of plebeian culture, and a belief in the quality of the inner life and in character as the foundation of a liberal society. Aristocratic liberalism rested on two fears: of unbridled democracy and of the despotic state; of anarchy and servitude. The chapter closes with reflections on the changing fortunes of aristocratic liberalism and their implication for conservative liberalism and Ordo-liberalism.