Late-Summer Fire Provides Long-Term Control of the Invasive Old World Bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum)

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte M. Reemts ◽  
Carla Picinich ◽  
Thomas A. Greene
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Bothriochloa Ischaemum ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Bluestem

Herbicide Effects on Established Yellow Old World Bluestem (Bothriochloa ischaemum)

2004 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 545-550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith R. Harmoney ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman ◽  
Karen R. Hickman
Keyword(s):  
Native Vegetation ◽  
Herbicide Application ◽  
Bothriochloa Ischaemum ◽  
Old World ◽  
Old World Bluestem ◽  
Herbicide Treatments ◽  
Plant Frequency ◽  
Herbicide Effects ◽  
Tiller Density ◽  
Treatment Application

Nine herbicides were tested in a field trial during 2001 and 2002 for the ability to suppress growth of established plants of yellow old world bluestem (OWB) that had invaded native vegetation in central Kansas. Herbicide treatments were applied to OWB at the V4 stage of growth using the Nebraska staging method. At 9 wk after treatment (WAT), plots treated with imazapyr at 1.40 kg ai/ ha had much lower OWB plant frequency than the untreated plots, and plots sprayed with imazapyr and bromacil at 7.84 kg ai/ha had much lower OWB tiller densities than the control plots. Imazapyr and glyphosate at 3.36 kg ai/ha provided greater OWB control than other herbicides. At the first frost after treatment application, imazapyr and bromacil treatments continued to have lower OWB frequency and tiller density than the control plots. Visible herbicide control was closely related to end-of-season yield (R= −0.97). Imazapic at 0.16 kg ai/ha, glyphosate, sulfometuron at 0.21 kg ai/ ha, bromacil, and imazapyr controlled OWB from 54 to 94%. Split applications, altered timing of herbicide application, or varied rates of herbicides that exhibited suppressive potential may further improve efficacy of these herbicides.

Registration of ‘WW‐Iron Master’ Old World Bluestem

Crop Science ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 189-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. L. Dewald ◽  
P. L. Sims ◽  
W. A. Berg ◽  
L. M. White
Keyword(s):  
Old World ◽  
Old World Bluestem

Infiltration of de-icing road salts in aquifers: the Trois-Rivières-Ouest case, Quebec, Canada

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (11) ◽  
pp. 2186-2193 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacques Locat ◽  
Pierre Gélinas
Keyword(s):  
Unsaturated Zone ◽  
Chloride Concentration ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Linear Source ◽  
Pumping Wells ◽  
Road Salts ◽  
Hydrogeological Investigation ◽  
Spring Snowmelt ◽  
Chloride Concentrations

The results of an extensive hydrogeological investigation of the effects of de-icing road salts on Highway 55 near Trois-Rivières-Ouest indicate that a salt lens with chloride concentrations exceeding 800 mg/L exists below the highway. Maximum chloride concentration at the nearby pumping wells, not exceeding 140 mg/L, is reached only in late summer, whereas the maximum chloride infiltration follows the spring snowmelt. About 1 year's worth of road salts is retained in the unsaturated zone. The salt lens, in the upper part of the aquifer beneath the highway, has developed to a thickness of 8 m and a width of 400 m and constitutes a linear source of salts for the aquifer. The shape of this lens is distorted by the action of the pumping wells, and the lens is partly depleted by the end of the summer. Because of the particular characteristics of the aquifer at the site studied and the exploitation methods, no long-term threat to the water quality is foreseen.

scholarly journals Changes in historical typhoid transmission across 16 U.S. cities, 1889-1931: Quantifying the impact of investments in water and sewer infrastructures

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maile T. Phillips ◽  
Katharine A. Owers ◽  
Bryan T. Grenfell ◽  
Virginia E. Pitzer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Water Source ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Water And Sanitation ◽  
Sewer Systems ◽  
Early Fall ◽  
Sanitation Systems ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTBackgroundInvestments in water and sanitation systems are believed to have led to the decline in typhoid fever in developed countries, such that most cases now occur in regions lacking adequate clean water and sanitation. Exploring seasonal and long-term patterns in historical typhoid mortality in the United States can offer deeper understanding of disease drivers.MethodsWe fit modified Time-series Susceptible-Infectious-Recovered models to city-level weekly mortality counts to estimate seasonal and long-term typhoid transmission. We examined seasonal transmission separately by city and aggregated by water source. We fit regression models to measure associations between long-term transmission and financial investments in water and sewer systems.ResultsTyphoid transmission peaked in late summer/early fall. Seasonality varied by water source, with the greatest variation occurring in cities with reservoirs. Historical $1 per capita ($25.80 in 2017) investments in construction and operation of water and sewer systems were associated with 8-53% decreases in typhoid transmission, while $1 increases in total value or debt accrued to maintain them were associated with 4-7% decreases.ConclusionOur findings aid in the understanding of typhoid transmission dynamics and potential impacts of water and sanitation improvements, and can inform cost-effectiveness analyses of interventions to reduce the typhoid burden.

Irrigation and Rootstocks to Manage Northern Root-Knot Nematode During Wine Grape Vineyard Establishment

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine East ◽  
Inga Zasada ◽  
R. Paul Schreiner ◽  
Michelle Marie Moyer
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Host Status ◽  
Management Approaches ◽  
Eastern Washington ◽  
Establishment Phase

Vineyard replanting in Washington state can be negatively impacted by the plant-parasitic nematode Meloidogyne hapla. Chemically-focused nematode management programs do not offer long-term suppression, however, this may be achieved through the adoption of cultural approaches such as rootstocks and irrigation. Nematode-resistant rootstocks are used extensively in other regions, but many have not been tested against M. hapla. Vineyards in eastern Washington are irrigated, so manipulating available soil water may also impact nematode development. In 2017, two field trials were established in eastern Washington to evaluate the effects of: 1) late-summer water limitation on M. hapla population development, and 2) host status of 1103 Paulsen, 3309 Couderc and Matador rootstocks for M. hapla. The efficacy of these cultural management approaches was evaluated under three initial M. hapla densities (0, 50, and 250 M. hapla J2 per 250 g soil) in both trials. Reducing irrigation to manage M. hapla infestation of grape roots was ineffective and may cause harm to the vines by inducing too much water stress. Conversely, rootstocks effectively reduced population densities of M. hapla. Overall, rootstocks show the most promise as a cultural tool to manage M. hapla during the establishment phase in Washington vineyards.

Conservation, Ecology, and Management of Catfish: The Second International Symposium

2011 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Site Fidelity ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
High Survival ◽  
Population Abundance ◽  
Conservation Ecology ◽  
Temporary Emigration ◽  
Minnesota River ◽  
Flathead Catfish ◽  
High Site

<em>Abstract</em>.—The flathead catfish <em>Pylodictis olivaris</em> is one of the most important game fishes in the lower Minnesota River, providing a high-quality angling fishery. Information on flathead catfish movements and site fidelity in the Minnesota River at the reach scale is needed before fisheries managers consider options such as reach-specific fishing regulations. In addition, this information is necessary to determine if estimates of population abundance are feasible and what study design is most appropriate. Therefore, 18 radio- and acoustic-tagged adult flathead catfish were manually located in the lower Minnesota River during late summer and fall in 2008 and 2009. Most fish remained within about 2 km of their capture locations during daylight hours in August–September 2008. However, 17% of the fish emigrated from the 9.3-km study reach before the end of September, and all emigrated by the end of October. Fourteen (78%) of the original 18 fish survived and were present in the study reach again during August–September 2009. High site fidelity could result in heterogeneous vulnerability to late-summer angling among river reaches if some individual fish consistently return to areas frequented by anglers and others return to more remote and relatively inaccessible areas. Due to high survival and late-summer site fidelity, the potential exists for high recapture probabilities with repeated late-summer mark–recapture sampling in the same study reach; however, there is evidence that temporary emigration could be an important issue in long-term studies.

Performance of light vs heavy steers grazing Plains Old World bluestem at three stocking rates.

2001 ◽  
Vol 79 (2) ◽  
pp. 493 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Ackerman ◽  
H T Purvis ◽  
G W Horn ◽  
S I Paisley ◽  
R R Reuter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Old World ◽  
Old World Bluestem ◽  
Stocking Rates

scholarly journals Control of Black Oak and Tanoak in the Sierra Cascade Range

2004 ◽  
Vol 19 (4) ◽  
pp. 268-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph M. DiTomaso ◽  
Guy B. Kyser ◽  
Edward A. Fredrickson
Keyword(s):  
Late Summer ◽  
Early Summer ◽  
Cascade Range ◽  
Oak Trees ◽  
Lithocarpus Densiflorus ◽  
Stem Injection ◽  
Versatile Tool ◽  
Excellent Control ◽  
Black Oak

Abstract Broadcast, directed, and stem injection herbicide techniques were applied to 3- to 8-year-old black oak (Quercus kelloggii) and 3-year-old tanoak (Lithocarpus densiflorus) clumps (directed applications only). Broadcast applications of imazapyr at all rates to black oak and directed applications of imazapyr to tanoak performed better with the addition of an adjuvant compared to treatments without the adjuvant. However, even with an adjuvant, broadcast treatments of imazapyr at or below 560 g acid equivalent (ae/ha) only suppressed black oak growth and did not provide long-term control. Directed applications of imazapyr gave excellent control of both black oak (0.43–2.17% ae plus Sylgard) and tanoak (0.14–1.13% ae plus Hasten) clumps. Imazapyr was more effective than basal bark treatments with triclopyr (8.9% ae), and tank-mixing imazapyr with glyphosate did not improve the level of control. Stem injection treatment of black oak trees or clumps with imazapyr was very effective with nearly all rates and hack intervals, but late summer or fall applications gave greater suppression of basal re-sprouts compared to spring and early summer treatments. These results demonstrate that imazapyr is a very effective and versatile tool for the control of black oak and tanoak clumps and black oak trees. West. J. Appl. For. 19(4):268–276.

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