Patterns of year-round colony attendance by VHF radio-tagged Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella) at their prototypical Aleutian breeding site

2021 ◽  
Vol 132 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christy N. Wails ◽  
Heather L. Major ◽  
Ian L. Jones
The Condor ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 104 (2) ◽  
pp. 413-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gail S. Fraser ◽  
Ian L. Jones ◽  
Fiona M. Hunter

Abstract We studied patterns of parental care in Crested Auklets (Aethia cristatella), a monogamous seabird, for three breeding seasons (1996–1998) in the Aleutian Islands, Alaska, using radio-telemetry. In 1996, we found no sexual differences in parental care, low breeding site attendance rates, and reduced occurrences of copepods in food samples delivered to chicks, suggesting that food availability may have been low. In 1997 and 1998, we found significant differences in parental care between males and females, particularly early in the chick-rearing period: males attended and brooded their single chick 75% and 90% longer than females, while females provisioned 33% and 36% more often than males, respectively. We also found significant differences between prey types delivered to chicks by males and females for these two years. Males brought in 30% more euphausiids, a relatively large pelagic crustacean, than females, whereas females brought in 36% more copepods, a smaller crustacean, than males; however, prey mass per load did not differ. In 1998, we experimentally measured how vulnerable unattended young chicks were using models placed in unoccupied crevices. Eighty-three percent of the models showed signs of attack, presumably by conspecific adults. We concluded that unattended Crested Auklet chicks are highly vulnerable to attack. We suggest that males took on a greater role in chick brooding than their mates because they have a larger and more strongly hooked bill and are more aggressive than females, and thus better equipped than females to guard young chicks or the crevice breeding site. Diferencias en el Cuidado Parental entre Machos y Hembras en la Especie Monógama Aethia cristatella Resumen. Utilizando radiotelemetría para estudiar los patrones de cuidado parental en Aethia cristatella, un ave marina monógama, durante tres períodos reproductivos (1996–1998) en las Islas Aleutianas, Alaska. En 1996 no encontramos diferencias sexuales en el cuidado parental, encontramos bajas tasas de presencia en el lugar de nidificación, y baja ocurrencia de copépodos en las muestras de alimento entregadas a los polluelos, lo cual sugiere que la disponibilidad de alimento podría haber sido baja. En 1997 y 1998 encontramos diferencias significativas en el cuidado parental entre hembras y machos, particularmente en el período temprano de cría de los polluelos. Los machos asistieron y empollaron su único polluelo por un período un 75% y 90% más largo que las hembras, mientras que las hembras aprovisionaron con una frecuencia un 33% y 36% mayor que los machos, respectivamente. También encontramos diferencias significativas entre el tipo de presa entregado por las hembras y por los machos durante los dos años. Los machos entregaron un 30% más de eufáusidos (crustáceos pelágico relativamente grandes) que las hembras, mientras que éstas entregaron un 36% más de copépodos (crustáceos más pequeños) que los machos. Sin embargo, el peso de la carga de alimento no varió. En 1998 medimos experimentalmente la vulnerabilidad de los polluelos no cuidados utilizando modelos situados en grietas desocupadas. El 83% de los modelos presentaron signos de ataques presumiblemente producidos por adultos coespecíficos. Concluimos que los polluelos no cuidados de A. cristatella son altamente vulnerables a ataques. Sugerimos que los machos tomaron un rol más importante en la crianza de los polluelos que sus parejas debido a que ellos presentan un pico más grande y fuertemente arqueado y son más agresivos que las hembras. Por lo tanto están mejor equipados que las hembras para proteger a los polluelos o proteger el sitio de nidificación.


2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 100-107
Author(s):  
Marina Camargo de Sousa ◽  
◽  
Julia Ronzani Vial ◽  
Rodrigo Hidalgo Friciello Teixeira ◽  
Andrea Cristina Higa Nakaghi ◽  
...  

Birds of the psittaciform order, composed by the Psittacidae and Loridae family have several characteristics making them more frequently kept as companion animals, promoting the increase of breeding sites in Brazil. The present study aimed to analyze the specificity and sensitivity of three different coproparasitological tests, Willis, Hoffman and Direto de feces, through statistical tests: Chi-Square and Kappa. 70 fecal samples of exotic parrots were collected from a commercial breeding site and these were submitted to the three tests, totaling 210 coproparasitological exams. Among the tests performed, 29,5% were positive for nematode eggs, cestodes and oocysts. Coproparasitological exams are inexpensive, have clinical importance, indicating the population of endoparasites and therapeutic treatments.


2008 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott L. Durst ◽  
Mark K. Sogge ◽  
Shay D. Stump ◽  
Hira A. Walker ◽  
Barbara E. Kus ◽  
...  

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesse R. Conklin ◽  
Simeon Lisovski ◽  
Phil F. Battley

AbstractGlobally, bird migration is occurring earlier in the year, consistent with climate-related changes in breeding resources. Although often attributed to phenotypic plasticity, there is no clear demonstration of long-term population advancement in avian migration through individual plasticity. Using direct observations of bar-tailed godwits (Limosa lapponica) departing New Zealand on a 16,000-km journey to Alaska, we show that migration advanced by six days during 2008–2020, and that within-individual advancement was sufficient to explain this population-level change. However, in individuals tracked for the entire migration (50 total tracks of 36 individuals), earlier departure did not lead to earlier arrival or breeding in Alaska, due to prolonged stopovers in Asia. Moreover, changes in breeding-site phenology varied across Alaska, but were not reflected in within-population differences in advancement of migratory departure. We demonstrate that plastic responses can drive population-level changes in timing of long-distance migration, but also that behavioral and environmental constraints en route may yet limit adaptive responses to global change.


2002 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter G. Cale

White-browed Babbler Pomatostomus superciliosus groups occupying linear strips of vegetation had breeding territories that were smaller in area and had longer linear dimensions than those occupying patches. A group's non-breeding home range was larger than its breeding territory. Groups occupying linear/patch home ranges expanded the linear extent and area of their home ranges more than those within other home range configurations. Some groups moved during the non-breeding season and this was more likely to occur if the group occupied a remnant with a low abundance of invertebrates during summer. Some groups that moved returned prior to the next breeding season, but the majority were never seen again. New groups moved into the study sites and established in vacant home ranges. This suggests that those groups that left the study sites may have established new home ranges elsewhere. Breeding site fidelity was lower in groups that had failed in previous breeding attempts. Therefore, group movements were influenced by the feeding and breeding quality of the habitat. However, the configuration of the local population also influenced group movements with those groups on the edge of a local population being more likely to move than those in the interior. New groups were formed by two processes; group dispersal, where groups generally filled a vacant home range, and group budding, which involved the splitting of a large group. Group dispersal maintained group densities while group budding increased the density of groups in a local population. These two processes were common, producing localized fluctuations in the density of groups. Since babbler groups contain only one breeding pair, changes in group density represent changes in effective population size. Therefore, group dynamics may be important to the persistence of local populations of White-browed Babblers, especially in landscapes that have suffered from habitat loss and fragmentation.


Ardea ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 95 (2) ◽  
pp. 316-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Piotr Tryjanowski ◽  
Artur Goławski ◽  
Stanisław Kuźniak ◽  
Tomasz Mokwa ◽  
Marcin Antczak
Keyword(s):  

The Condor ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melanie Browne ◽  
Sheela P Turbek ◽  
Constanza Pasian ◽  
Adrián S Di Giacomo

Abstract Subtropical grasslands are highly susceptible to habitat conversion and number among South America’s most threatened ecosystems. The grasslands of northeastern Argentina have been identified as a priority conservation area for threatened capuchino seedeaters because they constitute the main breeding area of these migratory birds. The Iberá Seedeater (Sporophila iberaensis) is a newly described species in the Iberá Wetlands in Argentina whose biology is still poorly understood. The endangered species inhabits grasslands but has only been reported to breed in the Iberá Wetlands ecoregion of northeastern Argentina. To explore the species’ association with grassland vegetation, we studied the breeding biology (clutch size, hatching success, and fledgling production) of the Iberá Seedeater and the main parameters that influence nest survival and nest-site selection. We conducted nest searches and banded adults and nestlings in Iberá National Park during the breeding seasons of 2016–2018. The breeding season of the Iberá Seedeater was highly synchronous and the cumulative probability of nest survival was 0.16. The daily nest survival rate decreased as the breeding season advanced, survival was lower for nests supported by Rhynchospora corymbosa than Paspalum durifolium, the two main nest substrates, and the main causes of nest failure were nest predation and strong winds. Additionally, the population exhibited male-biased site fidelity and a low female return rate. In contrast to other capuchinos, whose breeding biology is associated with upland grasslands, the Iberá Seedeater nested exclusively in flooded lowland grasslands on marsh plants. Thus, effective lowland grassland management is key to maintain the vegetation structure required for reproduction in the Iberá Seedeater.


2006 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Colin E. Adams ◽  
Deborah J. Hamilton ◽  
Ian Mccarthy ◽  
Alastair J. Wilson ◽  
Alan Grant ◽  
...  

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