EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSECTOMY ON CHOLESTEROL METABOLISM IN THE TESTES OF RATS AND MICE

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. A. HAFIEZ ◽  
A. BARTKE
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Acetate Incorporation ◽  
Rats And Mice

SUMMARY Increased synthesis de novo of cholesterol by testes of rats and mice was found to be a contributing factor in the increased testicular cholesterol content after hypophysectomy. This was shown by increased [1-14C]acetate incorporation in vitro into free and esterified cholesterol by testicular tissue from rats and mice hypophysectomized 3 weeks earlier, as compared with intact controls. In mice, testicular cholesterol content was significantly increased 1 day after hypophysectomy at which time there was no change in the testis weight. Three weeks after the operation there was a significant decrease in testis weight and a significant increase in the concentration of free, esterified and total cholesterol as well as in the percentage of esterified fraction. These changes were even more pronounced 1 month later.

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY TESTICULAR TISSUE IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274
Author(s):  
Peter F. Hall ◽  
Edward E. Nishizawa ◽  
Kristen B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Substrate Fatty Acid

The fatty acids palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic have been isolated from rabbit testis and evidence for the synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids de novo from acetate-1-C14is presented. ICSH did not produce demonstrable stimulation of the synthesis of these acids in vitro although the hormone stimulated the production of testosterone-C14by the same tissue. Adrenal tissue was shown to contain palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, and ACTH did not increase the incorporation of acetate-1-C14into a fatty acid fraction extracted following incubation of adrenal tissue in the presence of this substrate. Fatty acid biosynthesis, therefore, is probably not influenced by the mechanisms by which tropic hormones increase steroid formation.

THE EFFECT OF EPINEPHRINE AND COMPETITION BETWEEN MALES ON THE IN VITRO METABOLISM OF RABBIT TESTIS

1964 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. L. Ewing ◽  
D. J. Noble ◽  
K. E. Ebner
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Lactic Acid Production ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Weight Percent ◽  
Kidney Cortex ◽  
Testis Weight ◽  
Epinephrine Injection ◽  
Cortex Slices ◽  
Kidney Cortex Slices

An investigation was conducted to test the effect of stress for periods of 3, 5, and 10 days on metabolic activity in vitro, testis weight and morphology and protein, ribonucleic acid (RNA), deoxyribonucleic, acid (DNA) and cholesterol content of the testis. The two stressors (epinephrine injection and competition between males) caused an increased oxygen uptake in vitro in both testis and kidney cortex slices. This was associated with decreased glucose uptake and no change in lactic acid production in both tissues. There was no significant change in protein, RNA, DNA, and cholesterol content of testis due to stress within the 10 day period. Also, the stressors did not alter significantly testis weight, percent dry matter, or morphology. These data indicate that stress for 10 days does not have any significant effect on testis morphology and size but does cause significant alterations in metabolic activity of testis and kidney cortex slices.

scholarly journals Cholesterol Metabolic Reprogramming in Cancer and Its Pharmacological Modulation as Therapeutic Strategy

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabella Giacomini ◽  
Federico Gianfanti ◽  
Maria Andrea Desbats ◽  
Genny Orso ◽  
Massimiliano Berretta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
De Novo ◽  
Mevalonate Pathway ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Tumor Development ◽  
Cholesterol Homeostasis ◽  
Metabolic Reprogramming ◽  
Protein Prenylation ◽  
Pharmacological Targets

Cholesterol is a ubiquitous sterol with many biological functions, which are crucial for proper cellular signaling and physiology. Indeed, cholesterol is essential in maintaining membrane physical properties, while its metabolism is involved in bile acid production and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Additionally, isoprenoids metabolites of the mevalonate pathway support protein-prenylation and dolichol, ubiquinone and the heme a biosynthesis. Cancer cells rely on cholesterol to satisfy their increased nutrient demands and to support their uncontrolled growth, thus promoting tumor development and progression. Indeed, transformed cells reprogram cholesterol metabolism either by increasing its uptake and de novo biosynthesis, or deregulating the efflux. Alternatively, tumor can efficiently accumulate cholesterol into lipid droplets and deeply modify the activity of key cholesterol homeostasis regulators. In light of these considerations, altered pathways of cholesterol metabolism might represent intriguing pharmacological targets for the development of exploitable strategies in the context of cancer therapy. Thus, this work aims to discuss the emerging evidence of in vitro and in vivo studies, as well as clinical trials, on the role of cholesterol pathways in the treatment of cancer, starting from already available cholesterol-lowering drugs (statins or fibrates), and moving towards novel potential pharmacological inhibitors or selective target modulators.

Vimentin affects localization and activity of sodium-glucose cotransporter SGLT1 in membrane rafts

2002 ◽  
Vol 115 (4) ◽  
pp. 713-724
Author(s):  
Isabelle Runembert ◽  
Guillaume Queffeulou ◽  
Pierre Federici ◽  
François Vrtovsnik ◽  
Emma Colucci-Guyon ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Primary Culture ◽  
Glucose Transport ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cell Structure ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Membrane Microdomains ◽  
Transport Activity

It has been reported that vimentin, a cytoskeleton filament that is expressed only in mesenchymal cells after birth, is re-expressed in epithelial cells in vivo under pathological conditions and in vitro in primary culture. Whether vimentin re-expression is only a marker of cellular dedifferentiation or is instrumental in the maintenance of cell structure and/or function is a matter of debate. To address this issue, we used renal proximal tubular cells in primary culture from vimentin-null mice (Vim-/-) and from wild-type littermates (Vim+/+). The absence of vimentin did not affect cell morphology, proliferation and activity of hydrolases, but dramatically decreased Na-glucose cotransport activity. This phenotype was associated with a specific reduction of SGLT1 protein in the detergent-resistant membrane microdomains (DRM). In Vim+/+cells, disruption of these microdomains by methyl-β-cyclodextrin decreased SGLT1 protein abundance in DRM, a change that was paralleled by a decrease of Na-glucose transport activity. Importantly, we showed that vimentin is located to DRM, but it disappeared after methyl-β-cyclodextrin treatment. In Vim-/- cells,supplementation of cholesterol with cholesterol-methyl-β-cyclodextrin complexes completely restored Na-glucose transport activity. Interestingly,neither cholesterol content nor cholesterol metabolism changed in Vim-/- cells. Our results are consistent with the view that re-expression of vimentin in epithelial cells could be instrumental to maintain the physical state of rafts and, thus, the function of DRM-associated proteins.

Polydatin Attenuates Atherosclerosis in ApoE−∕− Mice through PBEF Mediated Reduction of Cholesterol Deposition

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (08) ◽  
pp. 1841-1859 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyong Huang ◽  
Guangyong Tian ◽  
Saibo Cheng ◽  
Dandan Zhao ◽  
Yu Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Blood Lipid ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Raw 264.7 Cells ◽  
Raw 264.7 ◽  
Down Regulation ◽  
Protein Levels ◽  
Atherosclerotic Lesions ◽  
Cytokine Levels

Cholesterol metabolism becomes imbalanced during the formation of macrophage-derived foam cells. Pre-B-cell colony-enhancing factor (PBEF) has recently been found to affect lipid deposition and inflammation in atherosclerosis. Here, we aimed to study the effects and molecular mechanism of Polydatin on atherosclerosis in ApoE-knockout (ApoE[Formula: see text]) mice. Thirty ApoE[Formula: see text] mice were fed a high-fat diet (HFD) for 12 weeks, and then treated with Polydatin for another 12 weeks. Whole aortas and cryosections were stained with oil red O. Blood lipid, PBEF and cytokine levels were measured by ELISA. The mRNAs of cholesterol metabolism-related genes were determined by qRT-PCR and protein levels by Western blotting. Cell cholesterol content and viability were determined in macrophages and RAW 264.7 cells. PBEF siRNA was used to study the effect of Polydatin on cholesterol metabolism in macrophages incubated with ox-LDL. Polydatin lowered blood lipids and decreased atherosclerotic lesions in ApoE[Formula: see text] mice. The expression of cytokines and the mRNA of cholesterol metabolism-related genes were markedly regulated by Polydatin. Meanwhile, PBEF mRNA and protein were both greatly down-regulated by Polydatin. In vitro, Polydatin protected RAW 264.7 cells treated by ox-LDL and inhibited cholesterol uptake by macrophages. The PBEF siRNA result indicates that Polydatin can modulate cholesterol metabolism in macrophages, partly through down-regulation of PBEF. In conclusion, Polydatin relieves atherosclerosis injury in ApoE[Formula: see text] mice, mainly through down-regulation of PBEF and inhibition of PBEF-inducing cholesterol deposits in macrophages.

scholarly journals Lipids analysis in hemolymph of African giant Achatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822) exposed to different photoperiods

2010 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Lustrino ◽  
VM. Tunholi-Alves ◽  
VM. Tunholi ◽  
MP. Marassi ◽  
J. Pinheiro
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cell Membranes ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Achatina Fulica ◽  
Negative Relation ◽  
Post Exposure ◽  
Lipids Analysis ◽  
Lipids Metabolism

The influence of different photophases (0, 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours) on the triglycerides and total cholesterol contents in the hemolymph of A. fulica was evaluated, since there is no information in the literature about the influence of this factor on lipids metabolism in mollusks. After 2 and 4 weeks of exposure the snails were dissected. The cholesterol content at the 2nd and 4th weeks post exposure only varied significantly in the groups exposed at 24 hours and 0 hour of photophase, respectively. Probably, such increase may be a result of a rise in cholesterol biosynthesis and/or remodelling of cell membranes. There were no significant differences among the content of triglycerides in the snails exposed to 6, 12, 18 and 24 hours of photophase during two weeks. The snails exposed to intermediate photophase (6 and 12 hours) had the triglycerides content increased, ranging over values near to those observed in the group exposed to 0 hour. Results showed that triglycerides metabolism in A. fulica are more influenced by photoperiod than cholesterol metabolism. A negative relation is maintained between the triglycerides content in the hemolymph and the different photophases, with lower mobilisation of triglycerides under shorter photophases.

scholarly journals Persimmon Flour Co-Products as Novel Ingredients in the Reformulation of Pork Liver Pâté

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (1) ◽  
pp. 72
Author(s):  
Raquel Lucas-González ◽  
José Ángel Pérez-Álvarez ◽  
Manuel Viuda-Martos ◽  
Juana Fernández-López
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Oxidation ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
In Vitro Digestion ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Consensus Method ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substance ◽  
Pork Liver

Co-products from the agro-food industry can be used as novel and natural ingredients in the reformulation of traditional foods to reduce the use of synthetic additives or improve their final quality. The aim of this study was to enrich pork liver pâté with persimmon flour co-products at two concentrations (3% and 6%) and to compare their total cholesterol (high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC)), fatty acid (Gas Chromatography (GC)) phenolic compound (HPLC) profiles, and lipid oxidation (thiobarbituric acid-reactive substance (TBARS) assay) after in vitro digestion (INFOGEST consensus method) with the control pâté. The cholesterol content in pâté samples was significantly reduced in a dose-dependent way (control > pâté 3% > pâté 6%; 98 ± 8; 89 ± 3; 68 ± 11 mg/100 g pâté, respectively), probably due to the fiber and cholesterol interactions. Gallic, caffeic acids, glycosylated gallic acid, glycosylated coumaric acid, and glycosylated quercetin were detected in the enriched pâtés. The sum of all these compounds was 74 and 239 µg/g pâté in the pâtés with 3% and 6% of persimmon flour, respectively. Oleic, palmitic, and linoleic acids were the majority of fatty acids found in all pâtés. The increase of lipid oxidation after in vitro digestion was higher in the control pâté than in the enriched pâtés. In conclusion, the enrichment of pâté with persimmon flours caused a reduction in their total cholesterol content and lipid oxidation after in vitro digestion, without modifications in their fatty acid profile to what the phenolic compounds could be contributing.

Silencing Acetyl-CoA carboxylase A (ACACA) and Sterol Regulatory Element-binding Protein 1 (SREBP1) Genes Through RNAi Reduce Cholesterol Content in Serum and Eggs of Transgenic Chicken

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Athe Rajendra Prasad ◽  
Tarun Bhattacharya ◽  
RN Chatterjee ◽  
D Divya ◽  
SK Bhanja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Biosynthetic Pathway ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Regulatory Element ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Acetyl Coa Carboxylase ◽  
Transgenic Chicken ◽  
Element Binding Protein ◽  
Sterol Regulatory Element

Abstract Cholesterol is synthesized in chicken through de novo lipid biosynthetic pathway where two most important genes viz. SREBP1 and ACACA play immense role. To minimize cholesterol synthesis, RNAi approach was adopted and accordingly, we developed transgenic chicken possessing ACACA and SREBP1 shRNA constructs, which showed lower level of ACACA and SREBP1 in serum. The serum total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol was significantly (P<0.05) lower by 26.8 and 31.3%, and 56.3 and 26.4%, respectively in ACACA and SREBP1 transgenic birds compared to the control. The egg total cholesterol and LDL cholesterol content was significantly (P<0.05) lower in both ACACA and SREBP1 transgenic birds by 14.3 and 13.2%, and 10.3 and 13.6%, respectively compared to the control. It is concluded that the protocol was perfected to develop transgenic chicken through RNAi for knocking down the expression of ACACA and SREBP1 proteins, which minimized the cholesterol and triglycerides contents in serum and eggs.

Aspects of hepatic cholesterol metabolism in normal and dystrophic chicken embryos

1983 ◽  
Vol 61 (6) ◽  
pp. 378-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Kuhn ◽  
D. M. Logan
Keyword(s):  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Free Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Cholesterol Content ◽  
Normal Embryo ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Cholesterol Esters ◽  
Hepatic Cholesterol ◽  
Chicken Embryos ◽  
Dystrophic Chicken

Several aspects of hepatic cholesterol metabolism have been studied in normal and dystrophic chicken embryos (12 days in ovo). Dystrophic embryo livers weigh the same and have the same total protein content as their normal counterparts. However, the total cholesterol content of dystrophic embryo livers is significantly decreased compared with the content of normal embryo livers. This decrease in total cholesterol is due mainly to a large decrease in the amount of cholesterol esters, although the free cholesterol content is also decreased. The proportions of free cholesterol and cholesterol esters are 43 and 57%, respectively, in normal embryo livers, but this proportion is essentially reversed in dystrophic embryo livers (i.e., 56 and 44%). The decreased total cholesterol content of dystrophic embryo livers is not apparently due to a decrease in the rate of free cholesterol de novo biosynthesis or to a decrease in the rate of free cholesterol esterification. However, the decrease in cholesterol ester content may be due to an increase in the rate of its hydrolysis, as a result of increased levels of sterol ester hydrolase in dystrophic livers. These data are consistent with the proposal that membranes in dystrophic tissues are altered as a result of altered cholesterol metabolism and utilization.

SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS BY TESTICULAR TISSUE IN VITRO

1963 ◽  
Vol 41 (5) ◽  
pp. 1267-1274 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter F. Hall ◽  
Edward E. Nishizawa ◽  
Kristen B. Eik-Nes
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Fatty Acid Fraction ◽  
Testicular Tissue ◽  
Acid Biosynthesis ◽  
Adrenal Tissue ◽  
Substrate Fatty Acid

The fatty acids palmitic, palmitoleic, stearic, and oleic have been isolated from rabbit testis and evidence for the synthesis of palmitic and stearic acids de novo from acetate-1-C14 is presented. ICSH did not produce demonstrable stimulation of the synthesis of these acids in vitro although the hormone stimulated the production of testosterone-C14 by the same tissue. Adrenal tissue was shown to contain palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids, and ACTH did not increase the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into a fatty acid fraction extracted following incubation of adrenal tissue in the presence of this substrate. Fatty acid biosynthesis, therefore, is probably not influenced by the mechanisms by which tropic hormones increase steroid formation.

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