PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS BY THE EARLY PREGNANT GUINEA-PIG UTERUS IN VITRO

1974 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 265-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
FELICITY M. MAULE WALKER ◽  
N. L. POYSER
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Significant Difference

SUMMARY The amounts of prostaglandins F2α (PGF2α) and E2 (PGE2) produced by homogenized, incubated, pregnant and non-pregnant guinea-pig uteri were compared. The sizes of the corpora lutea from these animals were considered in relation to the amounts of prostaglandins produced by their uteri. The amount of PGF2α produced by the uteri from day-15 bilaterally pregnant guinea-pigs was significantly less than that produced by uteri from guinea-pigs on day 15 of the oestrous cycle. Corpora lutea from the pregnant animals were maintained but those from the day 15 non-pregnant animals had regressed. There was no significant difference between the results obtained for PGE2. Results from day 15 unilaterally pregnant animals and day 25 bilaterally pregnant animals are also presented and their implications discussed. The findings reported here may well explain how, in the guinea-pig, the conceptus is able to neutralize the luteolytic effects of the uterus.

HYSTERECTOMY OF THE NEWBORN GUINEA-PIG, SUBSEQUENT EFFECTS ON THE OESTROUS CYCLE AND LIFE SPAN OF THE CORPORA LUTEA

1975 ◽  
Vol 66 (2) ◽  
pp. 233-237 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. BUÑO ◽  
E. CARLEVARO ◽  
L. RIBONI ◽  
H. D'ALBORA ◽  
L. DE LOS REYES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Adult Life ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Long Cycles

SUMMARY Longer oestrous cycles result from neonatal hysterectomy than from hysterectomy in adult life. Section and cauterization of the utero-vaginal union also prolonged the vaginal closure period up to an average of 55 days. The destruction of the mesometrium did not lengthen the oestrous cycle. Uterine autografts in hysterectomized newborn guinea-pigs did not prevent the long cycles.

THE EFFECT OF AUTOTRANSPLANTATION OF THE OVARIES TO THE KIDNEYS OR UTERUS ON THE OESTROUS CYCLE OF THE GUINEA-PIG

1968 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. BLAND ◽  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Functional State ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Follicular Development ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Primordial Follicles ◽  
Local Nature

SUMMARY Autotransplantation of the ovaries of guinea-pigs to either the uterus or the kidneys caused the degeneration of all luteal and follicular tissue with the exception of the primordial follicles situated in the periphery of the graft. Follicular development then took place and oestrus and ovulation occurred 10–11 days after transplantation. The corpora lutea formed at this ovulation were maintained in a functional state for more than 35 days when the ovaries were transferred to the kidneys but when ovarian grafts were made to the uterus a series of shortened vaginal cycles was observed. These results substantiate the local nature of the luteolytic abilities of the uterus in this species and imply the existence of a uterine luteolytic substance.

THE EFFECT OF HYPOPHYSIAL STALK-SECTION ON THE CORPUS LUTEUM OF THE GUINEA-PIG

1971 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-635 ◽  
Author(s):  
DOREEN V. ILLINGWORTH ◽  
J. S. PERRY
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Normal Cycle ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Normal Regression ◽  
And Function

SUMMARY The effects of hypophysial stalk-section on the growth and function of the corpus luteum of the non-pregnant guinea-pig have been compared with the effects of hypophysectomy (as previously described) and with the effects of prolactin administered to hypophysectomized animals. Stalk-section soon after ovulation did not impair the growth of the corpora lutea nor their ability to secrete progesterone. Stalk-section before day 9 of the oestrous cycle prevented the normal regression of the corpora lutea; they continued to grow and 3 weeks after ovulation were as large as those of pregnant animals, or of non-pregnant hysterectomized guinea-pigs. The corpora lutea regressed irregularly during the following 2 weeks. When performed on, or later than day 9, stalk-section did not prevent luteal regression at the normal time. Administration of prolactin (10 i.u./day) to hypophysectomized guinea-pigs restored the growth-rate of the corpora lutea, which reached sizes comparable to those of the normal cycle, and those of stalk-sectioned animals, by 10 days after ovulation. Our results indicate that prolactin can have substantial luteotrophic activity in the guinea-pig.

OESTROGEN AND PROGESTERONE AND THE FUNCTION OF THE CORPORA LUTEA IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1970 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 225-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. BLAND ◽  
B. T. DONOVAN
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Single Injection ◽  
Glass Beads ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Luteal Regression ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate

SUMMARY Regression of the corpora lutea in the guinea-pig could be accelerated by treatment with 10 μg. oestradiol benzoate daily over days 3–11 of the oestrous cycle. A single injection of 10 μg. oestradiol benzoate on day 3 was also effective. The luteolytic effect of oestrogen was abolished by hysterectomy, indicating that the uterus is involved in the mediation of the response. Progesterone (5 mg. daily over days 3–11) enhanced the luteal regression brought about by the presence of two glass beads in one horn of the uterus, but did not affect luteal size in otherwise intact females. Treatment of guinea-pigs with 5 mg. progesterone daily over days 2–5 or 4–7 failed to alter the length of the oestrous cycle.

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

scholarly journals FURTHER STUDIES ON THE ROLE OF PROTEASES IN THE ALLERGIC REACTION

1961 ◽  
Vol 113 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-380 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georges Ungar ◽  
Takuso Yamura ◽  
Jacqueline B. Isola ◽  
Sidney Kobrin
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Proteolytic Activity ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Protease Activity ◽  
Amino Acid Esters ◽  
Protein Substrates ◽  
Protease Activation ◽  
Acid Esters

Protease activity was measured through the hydrolysis of synthetic amino acid esters in body fluids and tissues of guinea pigs, rats, mice, and humans. Significant in vitro activation was observed in serum and lung slices of sensitized guinea pigs on addition of the specific antigen. Increased proteolytic activity was also seen in reverse anaphylaxis. More marked activation occurred when guinea pig serum was treated with peptone and guinea pig or rat serum was treated with agar. Protease activation was demonstrated in specimens of human skin under the influence of a poison ivy extract or croton oil added in vitro. Urinary protease activity of guinea pigs increased significantly during the first hours of anaphylactic shock and very markedly in peptone shock. Peptone shock, elicited in mice pretreated with H. pertussis, was accompanied by a considerable increase in protease activity in the peritoneal fluid as compared with non-pretreated mice which were insensitive to peptone. Proteolytic activity resulting from the activation procedures was due to a number of proteases. The dominant substrate affinity and inhibition patterns suggest that serum and urine proteases are similar to but not identical with plasmin. Anaphylactic activation exhibited patterns different from those resulting from the action of anaphylactoid agents. Tissue enzymes are either of cathepsin- or chymotrypsin-type or mixtures of both. Some of the activated enzymes, although remarkably effective in hydrolyzing amino acid esters, show no activity on protein substrates. This does not justify, however, their designation as "esterases." They probably belong to the class of specific proteases acting only on a single or a small number of functionally significant protein substrates. There is at present sufficient evidence to prove not only that protease activation does occur in anaphylaxis and anaphylactoid conditions but also that it is an important component of the chain of reactions leading to the allergic response.

The effects of furosemide and bumetanide on lung liquid production by in vitro lungs from fetal guinea pigs

1990 ◽  
Vol 68 (8) ◽  
pp. 1131-1135 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Thom ◽  
A. M. Perks
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Loop Diuretics ◽  
Dilution Technique ◽  
Blue Dextran ◽  
Lung Fluid ◽  
Lung Liquid ◽  
Secretion Rates

Lungs from fetal guinea pigs of 61 ± 3 days of gestation were supported in vitro for 3 h, and lung liquid secretion rates were measured by a dye dilution technique based on Blue Dextran 2000. Ten preparations that had received no treatment showed an average secretion rate of 1.12 ± 0.28 mL∙kg−1 body weight∙h−1 during the first hour, and there were no significant changes over the following 2 h. In studies of 54 fetal lungs, furosemide, bumetanide, control ethanol carrier, or saline alone were placed in the supporting medium during the middle hour of the 3-h incubations (ABA design). Furosemide at 10−3 M reduced secretion 83.4 ± 16.8%; at 10−4 and 10−5 M it produced smaller reductions. Bumetanide at 10−3 M usually produced reabsorption (129.9 ± 23.0% reduction), at 10−4 M it reduced secretion 30.9 ± 11.8%, but at 10−5 M it was ineffective. Control carrier and saline were without effect. The ability of the loop diuretics to produce reabsorption of fluid in some preparations suggests the unmasking of an active reabsorptive process. The results also suggest that lung liquid secretion in the fetal guinea pig, as in the sheep, is dependent on a Na+ and Cl− cotransport system.Key words: fetus, lung fluid, bumetanide, furosemide.

PRODUCTION OF PROSTAGLANDINS BY THE GUINEA-PIG UTERUS

1972 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 147-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. L. POYSER
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Oestrous Cycle ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Prostaglandin F

SUMMARY The production of prostaglandins by the uterus and the resting levels of prostaglandins in the uterus on selected days of the oestrous cycle were determined in guinea-pigs. Prostaglandin F2α was detectable in the guinea-pig uterus in small amounts on days 13, 14 and 15 of the cycle. Prostaglandin E2 was present in even smaller amounts on days 14 and 15. The homogenized guinea-pig uterus had the ability to biosynthesize prostaglandins, from endogenous precursors, during incubation on every day of the cycle studied. Four to six times more prostaglandin F2α than E2 was produced on any one day with the amounts of prostaglandins formed increasing towards the end of the oestrous cycle. Indomethacin inhibited the biosynthesis of prostaglandins by the guinea-pig uterus. The implications of these findings are discussed.

scholarly journals Use of quantitative real-time PCR for studying the dissemination of Leptospira interrogans in the guinea pig infection model of leptospirosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (5) ◽  
pp. 648-655 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristel Lourdault ◽  
Florence Aviat ◽  
Mathieu Picardeau
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Real Time Pcr ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Infection Model ◽  
Avirulent Strain ◽  
Leptospira Interrogans ◽  
Quantitative Real Time Pcr ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

The dynamics of leptospirosis infection have been poorly studied. The purpose of this study was to determine the LD50, rate of bacterial dissemination, histopathology and antibody responses against leptospira following inoculation with the highly virulent Leptospira interrogans Fiocruz L1-130 strain in a guinea pig model of leptospirosis. Three routes of infection (intraperitoneal, conjunctival and subcutaneous inoculation) were used to establish disease in guinea pigs. The size and kinetics of leptospiral burdens in the blood and tissues of infected animals were determined over a 1 week course of infection using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). Bacteraemia peaked at day 5 post-infection reaching more than 5×104 leptospires ml−1. The highest spirochaetal load was found in the liver and kidneys, and was associated with alterations in organ tissues and a decline in liver and kidney functions. In contrast, lesions and bacteria were not detected in guinea pigs infected with an avirulent strain derived from a high-passage-number in vitro-passaged variant of the Fiocruz L1-130 strain. The use of qPCR supports the findings of earlier studies and provides an easy and reliable method for the quantification of L. interrogans in the tissues of infected animals. qPCR will be used in future studies to evaluate the efficacy of vaccine candidates against leptospirosis and the virulence of selected L. interrogans mutants relative to the parental strain.

scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAVES PRE-INCUBATED WITH THEOPHYLLINE AND ASPIRIN ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marianne Marianne ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Emil Salim ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

 Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Eriobotrya japonica leaves (EEEJL) pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains against acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction.Methods: The effect of EEEJL (1-8 mg/Ml) on the isolated tracheal strips was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism of relaxant effects of EEEJL was evaluated in the presence of theophylline and aspirin.Results: The contractile response evoked by Ach (1.25 × 10−3 M) was decreased by EEEJL (effective concentration50 = 1.36 mg/mL) and has no significant difference of relaxant effect to that of EEEJL pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin (p>0.05).Conclusion: The EEEJL decreased the ACh-induced contraction through the inhibition of PDE and the protective effect on prostaglandin E2.

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