scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF ERIOBOTRYA JAPONICA LEAVES PRE-INCUBATED WITH THEOPHYLLINE AND ASPIRIN ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (13) ◽  
pp. 46
Author(s):  
Marianne Marianne ◽  
Urip Harahap ◽  
Emil Salim ◽  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Fahrumsyah Jali Rambe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Contractile Response ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Eriobotrya Japonica ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Significant Difference

 Objectives: The objectives of the study were to examine the inhibitory effect of ethanol extract of Eriobotrya japonica leaves (EEEJL) pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin on isolated guinea pig tracheal chains against acetylcholine (ACh)-induced contraction.Methods: The effect of EEEJL (1-8 mg/Ml) on the isolated tracheal strips was tested in vitro. Furthermore, the mechanism of relaxant effects of EEEJL was evaluated in the presence of theophylline and aspirin.Results: The contractile response evoked by Ach (1.25 × 10−3 M) was decreased by EEEJL (effective concentration50 = 1.36 mg/mL) and has no significant difference of relaxant effect to that of EEEJL pre-incubated with theophylline and aspirin (p>0.05).Conclusion: The EEEJL decreased the ACh-induced contraction through the inhibition of PDE and the protective effect on prostaglandin E2.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Beluntas “Indian Camphorweed” (Pluchea indica) Ethanol Extract on Candida albicans In Vitro Using Different Solvent Concentrations

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wayan Larissa Demolsky ◽  
Vinna Kurniawati Sugiaman ◽  
Natallia Pranata
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Oral Candidiasis ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Plate Count ◽  
Minimum Fungicidal Concentration ◽  
Significant Difference

Abstract Objective Oral candidiasis is an infection caused by pathogenic fungi Candida albicans, with a considerably high prevalence of 20 to 72%. Indian camphorweed (Pluchea indica) also known as “beluntas” as the local name has been known as a traditional medicine in Indonesia. The objective of this study is to research the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) of beluntas ethanolic extract against the growth of C. albicans. Materials and Methods The MIC and MFC were measured by microdilution assay and total plate count respectively with a variation of solvents (DMSO 1%, 10%, and 4%) and beluntas extract with concentrations between 0.3125 and 200 mg/mL. Amphotericin and nystatin were used as a comparison. Statistical Analysis One-way analysis of variance and posthoc Tukey test were used to determine the significant difference between treatments. Results It was found that the MIC ranged from 50 to 200 mg/mL in the test with DMSO 10% solvent and MFC was found to be at a concentration of 200 mg/mL. However, there is a significant inhibitory effect and killing effect from DMSO 10% against C. albicans (p = 0.000). MIC was also found within concentrations of 100 mg/mL of beluntas extract in DMSO 4%. In this study, the DMSO 4% concentration neither showed significant inhibitory effects nor killing effects; therefore, the result was acceptable (p = 0.357). Conclusion Ethanol extract of beluntas (P. Indica) has the potential of being an antifungal agent with inhibitory activity in concentrations ≥100 mg/mL, which is similar to nystatin (p = 0.278). The MFC for the extract was above 100 mg/mL, which cannot be measured with this method as a higher concentration of DMSO is needed, which had a toxic effect on the tested fungi.

scholarly journals Bronchodilatory effect of Myxopyrum serratulum in animal model

2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 84
Author(s):  
Vijayalakshmi Maruthamuthu ◽  
Ruckmani Kandasamy
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Relaxation Effect ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Chlorpheniramine Maleate ◽  
Relaxant Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Guinea Pig Model

<p class="Abstract">The plant <em>Myxopyrum </em>serratulum is traditionally claimed to relieve asthma and cough. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the bronchodilatory effect of the methanolic extract of <em>M. </em>serratulum on histamine-induced bronchospasm by <em>in vivo</em> and the inhibitory effect of the extract on histamine-contracted tracheal chain and ileum by <em>in vitro</em> guinea pig model. Additionally, the relaxant effect of four cumulative concentrations of the extract (0.25, 0.5, 0.7 and 1.0 g%) was assessed using precontracted tracheal chain under different conditions. The extract (400 mg/kg) prolonged the preconvulsive time to 102.3 ± 3.8 sec when compared to saline and standard chlorpheniramine maleate as 121.3 ± 4.5 sec (p&lt;0.05). The extract also possessed significant inhibitory effect on histamine-contracted guinea pig ileum and tracheal chain and also exhibited significant relaxation effect on precontracted tracheal chain of guinea pig models contracted by 60 mM KCl (p&lt;0.001) and 10 µM methacholine (p&lt;0.001) when compared with standard theophylline.</p>

scholarly journals INHIBITORY EFFECT OF ETHANOLIC EXTRACT OF CURANGA FEL-TERRAE (PUGUN TANO) LEAVES ON ACETYLCHOLINE MUSCARINIC-3 RECEPTORS INDUCED ON ISOLATED GUINEA PIG TRACHEAL

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 95
Author(s):  
Dadang Irfan Husori ◽  
Urip Harahap . ◽  
Marianne . ◽  
Sri Yuliasmi . ◽  
Popi Patilaya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
Competitive Antagonist ◽  
Sigmoid Curve ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Concentration Series ◽  
Antagonist Effect

ABSTRACTObjective: The study was aimed to investigate the inhibitory effect of ethanolic extract of Curanga fel-terrae leaves (EECFL) against acetylcholine(ACh)-induced contraction of the ACh-muscarinic-3 receptor.Materials and Methods: The study of the inhibitory effect of the ethanolic extract on the contraction by ACh concentration series (10 M) wasconducted in vitro using isolated guinea pig tracheal organ in the Krebs solution.Results: Early incubation of tracheal organ with EECFL (0.5, 1, 2 and 4 mg/ml) before contracted by the series of ACh concentration produces thedecrease of ACh contraction. The concentration series of ACh sigmoid curve rightward shift without decreasing the maximal contraction. The resultsof double-reciprocal plot of ACh shows the mean value of the 1/y-intercept of each extract was not different with the control.Conclusion: The EECFL showed competitive antagonist effect on ACh-muscarinic-3 receptors.Keywords: Curanga fel-terrae, Pugun tano, Acetylcholine-muscarinic-3 receptors, Competitive antagonist, Ethanolic extract.−8-10−3

Inhibition of Human and Animal Platelet Adhesiveness to Glass Bead Columns by Adenosine, Dipyridamole, Chlorpromazine and Acetylsalicylic Acid

1976 ◽  
Vol 36 (02) ◽  
pp. 401-410 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buichi Fujttani ◽  
Toshimichi Tsuboi ◽  
Kazuko Takeno ◽  
Kouichi Yoshida ◽  
Masanao Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Acetylsalicylic Acid ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rabbit Platelet ◽  
Platelet Adhesiveness

SummaryThe differences among human, rabbit and guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness as for inhibitions by adenosine, dipyridamole, chlorpromazine and acetylsalicylic acid are described, and the influence of measurement conditions on platelet adhesiveness is also reported. Platelet adhesiveness of human and animal species decreased with an increase of heparin concentrations and an increase of flow rate of blood passing through a glass bead column. Human and rabbit platelet adhesiveness was inhibited in vitro by adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine, but not by acetylsalicylic acid. On the other hand, guinea-pig platelet adhesiveness was inhibited by the four drugs including acetylsalicylic acid. In in vivo study, adenosine, dipyridamole and chlorpromazine inhibited platelet adhesiveness in rabbits and guinea-pigs. Acetylsalicylic acid showed the inhibitory effect in guinea-pigs, but not in rabbits.

A comparative study of the antibacterial activity of Quercus robur (Ethanolic extract) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on Salmonella (In vitro)

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (SPL1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hams H. H. Alfattli ◽  
Ghufran Zuhair Jiber ◽  
Ghaidaa Gatea Abbass
Keyword(s):  
Zinc Oxide ◽  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Quercus Robur ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Inhibition Zones

This study which designed to evaluate the inhibitory effect of Ethanolic extract of (Quercusrobur) and Zinc oxide nanoparticles on the growth of one genus of enterobacteriacae (Salmonella). In vitro. For this purpose graduate concentrates for plant extract (50, 100, 200, 400 )mg/ml which prepared and compared with Zinc oxide nanoparticles of different concentration (2, 1, 0.5, 0.25) μg/ml,and examined. The result showed that the studied medicinal plant has antibacterial activity against this bacteria which used. The result showed that the plant has good activity in decrease the growth of this bacteria. The results of the study also showed that the nano-ZnO has very effective antibacterial action against the studied bacteria which was Salmonella,nanoparticles concentrations lead to increasing in the inhibition zones of tested bacterial growth. We also study the effect of three antibiotics Lomefloxacin (LOM), Ciprofloxacin (SIP) and Rifampin (RA) and the result showed,in a comparison within the tested bacteria,Salmonella had a significant inhibition increase in Lomefloxacin ; the ciprofloxacin showed effect on tested bacteria. However,Rifampin does not show any effect on tested bacteria.

In Vitro Antibacterial activity of ethanolic extract of Myrsine africana against laboratory Strains of Pathogenic Organisms

2016 ◽  
Vol 5 (04) ◽  
pp. 4512
Author(s):  
Jackie K. Obey ◽  
Anthoney Swamy T* ◽  
Lasiti Timothy ◽  
Makani Rachel
Keyword(s):  
Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Inhibitory Concentration ◽  
Ethanolic Extract ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Zones Of Inhibition ◽  
In Vitro Antibacterial Activity ◽  
Myrsine Africana

The determination of the antibacterial activity (zone of inhibition) and minimum inhibitory concentration of medicinal plants a crucial step in drug development. In this study, the antibacterial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration of the ethanol extract of Myrsine africana were determined for Escherichia coli, Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus epidermidis and Streptococcus pneumoniae. The zones of inhibition (mm±S.E) of 500mg/ml of M. africana ethanol extract were 22.00± 0.00 for E. coli,20.33 ±0.33 for B. cereus,25.00± 0.00 for S. epidermidis and 18. 17±0.17 for S. pneumoniae. The minimum inhibitory concentration(MIC) is the minimum dose required to inhibit growth a microorganism. Upon further double dilution of the 500mg/ml of M. africana extract, MIC was obtained for each organism. The MIC for E. coli, B. cereus, S. epidermidis and S. pneumoniae were 7.81mg/ml, 7.81mg/ml, 15.63mg/ml and 15.63mg/ml respectively. Crude extracts are considered active when they inhibit microorganisms with zones of inhibition of 8mm and above. Therefore, this study has shown that the ethanol extract of M. africana can control the growth of the four organisms tested.

Immunomodulatory activities of whey fractions in efferent prefemoral lymph of sheep

1996 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 257-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chun W. Wong ◽  
Geoffrey O. Regester ◽  
Geoffrey L. Francis ◽  
Dennis L. Watson
Keyword(s):  
Immune Responses ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Milk Whey ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Lymphocyte Phenotypes ◽  
Dose Dependent

SummaryStudies on the immunomodulatory activities of ruminant milk and colostral whey fractions were undertaken. By comparing with boiled colostral whey in a preliminary experiment, a putative heat-labile immunostimulatory factor for antibody responses was found to be present in ovine colostral whey. Studies were then undertaken in sheep in which the efferent prefemoral lymphatic ducts were cannulated bilaterally, and immune responses in the node were measured following subcutaneous injection in the flank fold of whey protein preparations of various purities. A significant sustained decline of efferent lymphocyte output was observed following injection with autologous crude milk whey or colostral whey preparations, but no changes were observed in interferon-gamma levels in lymph plasma. Two bovine milk whey fractions (lactoperoxidase and lactoferrin) of high purity were compared in bilaterally cannulated sheep. A transient decline over the first 6 h was seen in the efferent lymphocyte output and lymph flow rate after injection of both fractions. A significant difference was seen between the two fractions in interferongamma levels in lymph at 6 h after injection. However, no significant changes in the proportion of the various efferent lymphocyte phenotypes were seen following either treatment. Whereas both fractions showed a significant inhibitory effect in a dose-dependent manner on the proliferative response of T lymphocytes, but not B lymphocytes, to mitogenic stimulation in vitro, no similar changes were seen following in vivo stimulation with these two fractions.

scholarly journals The "in vitro" antifungal activity evaluation of propolis G12 ethanol extract on Cryptococcus neoformans

2007 ◽  
Vol 49 (2) ◽  
pp. 93-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabrício Freitas Fernandes ◽  
Amanda Latercia Tranches Dias ◽  
Cíntia Lacerda Ramos ◽  
Masaharu Ikegaki ◽  
Antonio Martins de Siqueira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Cryptococcus Neoformans ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Standard Strain ◽  
Antiviral Activities ◽  
Prolonged Antibiotic Therapy ◽  
In Vitro Antifungal Activity

Cryptococcosis is a worldwide disease caused by the etiological agent Cryptococcus neoformans. It affects mainly immunocompromised humans. It is relatively rare in animals only affecting those that have received prolonged antibiotic therapy. The propolis is a resin that can present several biological properties, including antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral activities. The standard strain C. neoformans ATTC 90112 was used to the antifungal evaluation. The tests were realized with propolis ethanol extract (PEE) G12 in concentrations from 0.1 to 1.6 mg mL-1. The evaluation of MIC and MFC were done according to DUARTE (2002)5. The inhibitory effect of PEE G12 on the fungal growing was seen at the concentration of 0.2 mg mL-1 and 1.6 mg mL-1 was considered a fungicidal one.

scholarly journals Development of mouthwash with Rosmarinus officinalis extract

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Moreira Baumgratz de Paula ◽  
Flávia Costa Moraes ◽  
Orlando Vieira de Souza ◽  
Célia Hitomi Yamamoto
Keyword(s):  
Sodium Fluoride ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Rosmarinus Officinalis ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Oral Infections

Rosmarinus officinalis, which belongs to the Lamiaceaefamily, is a species of medicinal flora with therapeutic properties. In order to exploit the benefits of these properties, a mouthwash formulation was developed, with careful selection of raw materials to meet pharmacotechnical requirements. Extracts of the plant were incorporated into a mouthwash, which was shown to have inhibitory action in vitro against the micro-organisms commonly found in periodontics. Controls for assessing the quality of the drugs were carried out, quantifying phenols and flavonoids as chemical markers. Mouthwash solutions were formulated containing 0.1, 5 and 10% ethanol extract of R. officinalis; and 0.05, 5 and 10% of the hexane fraction of R. officinalis. In order to evaluate synergism, ethanol extract and hexane fraction were also added to formulations containing 0.05% sodium fluoride and 0.12% chlorhexidine digluconate. These formulations were assessed for inhibitory effect against the specific microorganisms involved in the process of bacterial plaque formation, S. mutans(ATCC25175) and C. albicans(ATCC 10231), frequently found in cases of oral infections. The agar diffusion method was used to evaluate the inhibitory activity of extracts and formulations. All mouthwash solutions displayed inhibitory activity having higher sensitivity to S. mutansfor the 5% ethanol extract+0.05% sodium fluoride, and greater sensitivity to C. albicansfor the 10% hexane fraction. Results were characterized by the appearance of a growth inhibition halo, justifying the utilization and association of extracts of R. officinalis.

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