PLASMA AND ADRENAL CORTISOL CONCENTRATIONS IN FOETAL, NEWBORN AND MOTHER GUINEA-PIGS DURING THE PERINATAL PERIOD

1976 ◽  
Vol 70 (2) ◽  
pp. 207-214 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Perinatal Period ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Significant Change

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol, corticosterone and cortisone in the plasma and adrenal glands, liver glycogen and plasma glucose of foetal, newborn and mother guinea-pigs were estimated during the last 6 days of pregnancy and throughout the first 24 h post partum. At the same time progesterone was measured in the plasma of the mother. During the prepartum rise in foetal plasma cortisol levels and liver glycogen, no significant change in the foetal adrenal cortisol content was observed. The plasma and adrenal cortisol concentrations of the mother were much higher than those observed in the foetus and increased significantly before parturition. In the mother as in the foetus, cortisone and corticosterone represent only a small percentage of corticosteroids compared with cortisol. These results indicate that the autonomous capacity of foetal adrenals, inhibited by maternal secretions before term, appears suddenly at birth.

CHANGES IN THE CONCENTRATIONS OF CORTISOL AND CORTICOSTERONE IN THE PLASMA AND ADRENAL GLANDS OF THE GUINEA-PIG FROM BIRTH TO WEANING

1974 ◽  
Vol 63 (3) ◽  
pp. 483-488 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Adrenal Gland ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Adrenal Glands ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Cortisol Secretion ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Steady Level ◽  
Very High

SUMMARY Concentrations of cortisol and corticosterone in the plasma and adrenal glands of male and female guinea-pigs were estimated throughout the first postnatal day and thereafter at intervals up to 3 weeks of age. In the guinea-pig, the basal level of cortisol secretion is established more slowly than in other species. The concentration of plasma cortisol is very high at birth, with a marked fall between days 1 and 10 post partum and then a steady level from day 10 to 20, the time of weaning. At day 10 the values for plasma cortisol and corticosterone approach the lower ones found in the adult. There were peaks in the amounts of corticosteroids found in the adrenal gland at 50 h, 4 and 7 days and these may have been due to increased hormonal synthesis between days 2 and 8.

Cortisol-induced changes in plasma glucose, protein, and thyroid hormone levels, and liver glycogen content of coho salmon (Oncorhynchus kisutch Walbaum)

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (11) ◽  
pp. 2746-2750 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. M. Vijayan ◽  
J. F. Leatherland
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Coho Salmon ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Glycogen ◽  
Hepatosomatic Index ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Liver Glycogen Content ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Coho salmon given intraperitoneal implants of hydrogenated coconut oil alone or coconut oil containing cortisol at 1, 5, or 10 mg/fish exhibited dose-related increases in plasma cortisol levels at day 15. After 30 days, plasma cortisol levels were significantly higher in the cortisol-implanted groups but there was no dose-related response. Plasma T3 levels were lowered in cortisol-treated fish, but plasma T4 levels were not consistently affected. Plasma glucose levels were significantly higher in the group treated with cortisol at 10 mg/fish than in the controls on both sampling days, whereas liver glycogen content and hepatosomatic index were significantly lower in the cortisol-treated groups at day 30 but not at day 15. Plasma protein levels were not significantly different between treatments at either sampling time. The splenosomatic indices were not significantly different in the three treatment groups at day 15, but at day 30 the values in the 5 and 10 mg/fish cortisol-treated groups were significantly higher than in the controls.

Maternal glucocorticoid treatment programs HPA regulation in adult offspring: sex-specific effects

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (5) ◽  
pp. E729-E739 ◽  
Author(s):  
Li Liu ◽  
Antai Li ◽  
Stephen G. Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Adult Brain ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
Adult Offspring ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Glucocorticoid Treatment ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Pregnant guinea pigs were treated with dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) or vehicle on days 40–41, days 50–51, and days 60–61 of gestation. Adult offspring were split into two groups. Group 1 guinea pigs were catheterized, and the hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis was tested in basal and activated states. Group 2 guinea pigs were euthanized with no further manipulation. In male offspring, prenatal dexamethasone exposure resulted in a significant reduction in brain-to-body weight ratio. Dexamethasone-exposed male offspring exhibited reduced basal and activated plasma cortisol levels, which was associated with elevated hippocampal mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) mRNA and increased plasma testosterone. In females exposed to glucocorticoids in utero, basal and stimulated plasma cortisol levels were higher in the follicular and early luteal phases of the cycle, but this effect was reversed in the late luteal phase, indicating a significant interaction of sex steroids. In female offspring (at estrus), glucocorticoid receptor mRNA levels were lower in the paraventricular nucleus and pars distalis but higher in the hippocampus in animals exposed to dexamethasone in utero. Hippocampal MR mRNA levels were significantly lower (∼50%) than in controls. In conclusion, repeated antenatal glucocorticoid treatment programs HPA function in a sex-specific manner, and these changes are associated with modification of corticosteroid receptor expression in the adult brain and pituitary.

ROLE OF TESTOSTERONE IN THE SEXUAL DIMORPHISM OF ADRENAL ACTIVITY AT PUBERTY IN THE GUINEA-PIG

1980 ◽  
Vol 87 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-461 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. EL HANI ◽  
M. DALLE ◽  
P. DELOST
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Guinea Pig ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Binding Capacity ◽  
Metabolic Clearance ◽  
Response To Stress ◽  
Adrenal Response ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Sexual dimorphism in adrenal activity appeared during the pubertal period of the guinea-pig with plasma levels and binding of cortisol lower in male guinea-pigs compared with female, and metabolic clearance rate (MCR) of cortisol higher in male than in female animals. Gonadectomy of female guinea-pigs did not change the values of the parameters regulating adrenal activity. Castration of male guinea-pigs caused a rise in plasma cortisol levels by increasing the binding capacity of transcortin for cortisol and by decreasing cortisol MCR. Treatment of females with testosterone from day 24 produced a drop on day 50 in plasma cortisol levels following a decreased binding capacity of transcortin for cortisol and at the same time as cortisol MCR increased. Furthermore, the adrenal response to stress was higher in castrated than in control males and lower in testosterone-treated females compared with control females. Testosterone appeared to be the hormone responsible for sexual dimorphism in adrenal activity in the pubertal guinea-pig.

scholarly journals Physiological responses of anti-predation in prey fish to the threat of piscivorous fish in different underwater visibility conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 108 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Leandro Fabrício Fiori ◽  
Bruno R. S. Figueiredo ◽  
Audrei Pavanello ◽  
Vander Silva Alves ◽  
Paulo Cezar de Freitas Mathias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Visual Signals ◽  
Prey Fish ◽  
Piscivorous Fish ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cortisol Levels ◽  
Hunting Strategy

ABSTRACT Considering that the anti-predation behaviour of prey fishes may vary with predator hunting strategy, we experimentally investigated the physiological responses of Astyanax bimaculatus (Linnaeus, 1758) shoals to the presence of two piscivorous fish species with different hunting modes: sit-and-wait and active pursuit. In addition, we evaluated the influence of underwater visibility conditions on the interaction between predator and prey. We tested the hypotheses that: (i) prey plasma cortisol and glucose levels vary according to piscivore hunting strategy, and (ii) no reduction in plasma glucose and cortisol levels takes place in turbid environments due to the inability of prey to accurately recognise predators by non-visual signals. The results revealed that the presence of piscivorous fish increased plasma cortisol levels in prey, with no significant difference recorded between the two hunting strategy treatments. We also observed no significant change in plasma glucose levels in different water transparency conditions. Thus, we conclude that physiological changes in the selected prey fish do not vary with predator hunting mode, and it is therefore necessary to consider the ability of the prey to recognise and evaluate danger, regardless of piscivore hunting strategy.

scholarly journals The effect of long term physical exercises on plasma cortisol levels

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 239
Author(s):  
Manoj Bandara ◽  
Iresha Rathnayake ◽  
Korotta Gamage Somasiri
Keyword(s):  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Cortisol ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Plasma Cortisol Level ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Physical Exercises ◽  
Cortisol Levels

Regular physical exercises have shown to improve health. Stress can cause great impact on individual’s mental health as well as physical health. Plasma cortisol is used as a biomarker to measure stress. This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of long-term physical exercises on cortisol levels in healthy young men. The study was carried out on four study groups; non–exercised control group (NE), exercised for 6 months (E6M), exercised for 18 months (E18M) and exercised for 30 months (E30M). Thirty participants who underwent regular physical exercises for different time periods were included in each exercised group. Thirty controls were also recruited. Plasma cortisol was measured using ELIZA method and compared to the patterns of plasma glucose levels. Plasma cortisol levels of all exercised groups were significantly less than that of control group (p<0.05). A significant reduction of plasma cortisol level was observed in E6M (p<0.001) and E18 M (p<0.001). Plasma cortisol level of E30M was higher than E6M and E18M but less than the control group. Plasma glucose levels followed the same pattern as cortisol. The results of this study suggest that prolong exercises favorably alters the cortisol and glucose levels indicating reduced stress levels in young adults. The study clearly indicates that the prolong exercises have positive effect on the stress marker; plasma cortisol level as well as overall health of an individual.

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