Induction of ovulation during anoestrus in two breeds of sheep with multiple injections of LH alone or in combination with FSH

1986 ◽  
Vol 111 (1) ◽  
pp. 181-190 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. M. Wallace ◽  
A. S. McNeilly ◽  
D. T. Baird
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Treatment Timing ◽  
Multiple Injections ◽  
Induction Of Ovulation ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Identical Manner ◽  
Hormonal Priming

ABSTRACT The gonadotrophic requirements for the induction of ovulation and formation of a viable corpus luteum in two breeds of seasonally anoestrous sheep of differing fecundity was investigated. Welsh Mountain (n = 20) and Damline ewes (n = 19) were given LH or FSH either alone or in combination. Luteinizing hormone was injected i.v. at an increasing frequency for 72 h (one injection every 3 h for 24 h, one every 2 h for 24 h, and one every hour for 24 h) and FSH was injected in an identical manner for the first 36 h of treatment. Exogenous LH alone and in combination with FSH induced a preovulatory LH surge in all 19 ewes and ovulation in 18 out of 19 ewes of both breeds. However exogenous FSH alone was ineffective. The incidence of normal corpus luteum function in ewes induced to ovulate was low and not related to treatment, timing or magnitude of the LH/FSH surge. It is concluded that in both breeds studied (a) it is the infrequency of LH pulses which limits the development of preovulatory follicles during seasonal anoestrus, (b) that the requirement for FSH remains unknown, and (c) that the induction of inadequate corpora lutea during seasonal anoestrus reflects either defects in hormonal priming of the preovulatory follicle and/or inappropriate luteotrophic support after ovulation. J. Endocr. (1986) 111, 181–190

scholarly journals Prolactin independent rescue of mouse corpus luteum life span: identification of prolactin and luteinizing hormone target genes

2009 ◽  
Vol 297 (3) ◽  
pp. E676-E684 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Bachelot ◽  
Julie Beaufaron ◽  
Nathalie Servel ◽  
Cécile Kedzia ◽  
Philippe Monget ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Ovarian Function ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Embryo Implantation ◽  
Receptor Expression ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Mrna Expression Profiling

The corpus luteum (CL) plays a central role in the maintenance of pregnancy in rodents, mainly by secreting progesterone. Female mice lacking prolactin (PRL) receptor (R) are sterile due to a failure of embryo implantation, which is a consequence of decreased luteinizing hormone (LH) receptor expression in the CL and inadequate levels of progesterone. We attempted to treat PRLR−/− females with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and showed a de novo expression of LHR mRNA in the corpora lutea. Binding analysis confirmed that the LHR in hCG-treated PRLR−/− animals was functional. This was accompanied with increased expression of steroidogenic enzymes involved in progesterone synthesis. Despite these effects, no embryo implantation was observed because of high expression of 20α-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. To better appreciate the molecular mechanisms underlying maintenance of the CL, a series of mRNA expression-profiling experiments was performed on isolated corpora lutea of PRLR−/− and hCG-treated PRLR−/− mice. This approach revealed several novel candidate genes with potentially pivotal roles in ovarian function, among them, p27, VE-cadherin, Pten, and sFRP-4, a member of the Wnt/frizzled family. This study showed the differential role of PRL and LH in CL function and identified new targets of these hormones in luteal cells.

SUPERFUSION IN VITRO IN THE STUDY OF OVARIAN STEROIDOGENESIS

1975 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
JOHN WATSON ◽  
J. T. S. LEASK
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Transient Increase ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Ovarian Steroidogenesis ◽  
Steroid Secretion ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Prolonged Response

SUMMARY A method for the continuous superfusion of porcine corpus luteum tissue is described which readily allows both the introduction of regulatory factors to the incubating tissue, and sampling of the tissue. Oestrogen (principally oestradiol) and progestin (principally progesterone) can be measured for up to 24 h in the superfusate from corpora lutea of all ages, and the secretion of both steroids is stimulated by the addition of luteinizing hormone. The pattern of response of both steroids to a pulse of gonadotrophin was similar in that a rapid transient increase in secretion occurred followed some time later by a secondary and more prolonged response. A second pulse of gonadotrophin introduced 6 h after the first also stimulated steroid secretion, indicating that during superfusion in vitro the porcine corpus luteum does not become refractory to the steroidogenic effect of gonadotrophin.

EVIDENCE THAT CHANGES IN LUTEINIZING HORMONE SECRETION REGULATE THE GROWTH OF THE PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE IN THE EWE

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-389 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. McNATTY ◽  
MARION GIBB ◽  
CAROLYN DOBSON ◽  
D. C. THURLEY
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Important Determinant ◽  
Hormone Secretion ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone Secretion ◽  
Lh Surge ◽  
Follicular Maturation ◽  
Lh Rh

The aim of the present study was to gain evidence that the level of LH secretion preceding the preovulatory LH surge is an important determinant of follicular maturation and corpus luteum function in the ewe. In addition it was hoped to establish whether the pattern of LH delivery to the ovary (pulsatile v. constant) is a critical factor in the maturation of a preovulatory follicle. To accomplish this, progesterone-primed anoestrous ewes were repeatedly injected i.v. with LH or luteinizing hormone-releasing hormone (LH-RH), or given an i.v. infusion of LH, over a 72 h period. These animals, together with the appropriate controls, were exposed to a sexually active ram so that oestrous activity could be recorded. All ewes were subjected to intensive blood sampling regimes so that the plasma levels of LH and progesterone could be determined and compared to those which occurred in the same breed of sheep during the oestrous cycle. Collectively the data suggest that the plasma levels of LH preceding the preovulatory LH surge are an important determinant of follicular maturation as judged by subsequent corpus luteum function. Moreover, they show that follicular maturation can be achieved with widely differing patterns of LH delivery to the ovary during the preovulatory period and that a strict pulsatile delivery of LH may not be an absolute requirement.

scholarly journals Corpus luteum development and its morphology after aspiration of a preovulatory follicle is related to size and steroid content of the follicle in dairy cows

2013 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 221-229 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Vernunft ◽  
JM Weitzel ◽  
T. Viergutz
Keyword(s):  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Cross Section ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Cross Section Area ◽  
Section Area ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Follicle Aspiration

Secretion of adequate levels of progesterone from a proper corpus luteum (CL), which develops out of the cells of a healthy preovulatory follicle, is a key-factor for establishment of a pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between morphological and secretory characteristics of preovulatory follicles and their corresponding corpus luteum with regard to the post-partum period in high-yielding dairy cows. Therefore, ultrasound-guided aspirations of preovulatory follicles were performed repeatedly, using 20 first lactating cows between 26 and 121 days after parturition. Heat was induced with a PGF analogon followed by administration of a GnRH analogon. The dominant follicle was aspirated 21 h after administration of the GnRH analogon. The diameters of the follicles were estimated at aspiration and the morphology of the resulting luteal tissue was examined on day 14 after follicle aspiration using ultrasonographic examinations. Concentrations of progesterone (P<sub>4</sub>) and 17-beta-oestradiol (E<sub>2</sub>) were determined in the follicular fluids (FF) and P<sub>4</sub> concentration was estimated at the time of CL examination in plasma. A CL development occurred in 82% after dominant follicle aspiration. The interval of time between parturition and follicle aspiration did not affect the investigated variables. The diameter of the aspirated preovulatory follicle was positively correlated to the cross-section area of the developed luteal tissue (R = 0.60; P &lt; 0.01) as well as to the plasma P<sub>4</sub> concentration on day 14 after follicle aspiration (R = 0.47; P&nbsp;&lt; 0.05). Also, E<sub>2</sub> concentrations in FF were positively correlated to cross-section area of the luteal tissue (R = 0.54; P &lt; 0.05). Comparing the FF of the follicles that gave rise to a CL after aspiration to follicles that did not, both types had comparable P<sub>4</sub>, but the former type harboured higher E<sub>2</sub> concentrations. In conclusion, preovulatory follicle diameter as well as steroid concentrations in the follicular fluid could be used prospectively to identify cows which will have well-developed CLs and high plasma P<sub>4</sub> levels later. On the other hand, CL development after follicle aspiration can be used as a retrospective quality parameter of dominant follicles. These results will help to identify suitable animals for breeding or recipients for embryo transfer.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;

OVULATION AND CORPUS LUTEUM FUNCTION IN THE LLAMA (LAMA GLAMA)

1969 ◽  
Vol 45 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-513 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. G. ENGLAND ◽  
W. C. FOOTE ◽  
D. H. MATTHEWS ◽  
ARMANDO G. CARDOZO ◽  
S. RIERA
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Breeding Season ◽  
Luteal Phase ◽  
Maximum Size ◽  
Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Human Chorionic Gonadotrophin ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Lama Glama

SUMMARY Results in 53 llamas (33 mated animals and 20 controls) showed that ovulation is copulation-induced in this species. Ovulation without copulation occasionally occurred during the height of the recognized breeding season in Bolivia. The first mating during the luteal phase (12–24 days after the preceding ovulation) resulted in ovulation in four out of ten llamas. Determination of pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) content showed the highest level on the day before mating (9·00 μg./mg.) and the lowest level on day 4 (6·25 μg./mg.). LH level on day 8 was significantly higher than on day 4 (7·62 μg./mg.). Corpora lutea (c.l.) were well formed on day 4 after mating (408 mg.), reached a maximum size by day 8 (1920 mg.) and rapidly decreased in size to day 16 (136 mg.). The corpus albicans remained as an entity but decreased in size to 21 mg. on day 120. Similar changes were found in c.l. histology and progesterone content. The combined results indicate that the functional life of the c.l. in a non-pregnant llama is 16 days or less. Treatment with 25 i.u. human chorionic gonadotrophin was sufficient to cause ovulation in 50% of the animals treated. A large (150 mg.) dose of norethandrolone did not cause morphological regression of the c.l. when measured 5 days after treatment. Treatment with 5 mg. daily for 14 days caused regression of c.l. as compared with untreated controls and animals treated with oestradiol valerate.

Effect of bromocryptine on 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase regulation in the corpus luteum of the pregnant rat

1981 ◽  
Vol 98 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-136 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Loewit ◽  
R. Kofler ◽  
M. Tabarelli ◽  
S. Schwarz
Keyword(s):  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Placental Lactogen ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rat ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Effective Doses

Abstract. Pregnant Sprague Dawley rats were passively immunized with antiserum to bovine luteinizing hormone (anti-LH) on day 10 of pregnancy, and treated with 1 mg/day or 1.5 mg/day of the prolactin (Prl) inhibitor bromocryptine (BEC) between days 10 to 12 or 9 to 12, respectively. On day 12 a laparotomy was performed to assess the state of pregnancy and to remove the ovaries for histochemical detection of 20α-hydroxysteroiddehydrogenase (20α-OHSD) in the corpora lutea of pregnancy. In a second experiment pregnant rats were treated with 1.5mg BEC/day from days 17 to 22, checked for foetal state and ovariectomized on day 22 before giving birth. Treatment with BEC in effective doses did not interfere with anti-LH-induced termination of pregnancy and consequent reappearance of 20α-OHSD activity on day 12, or with spontanenous recurrence of enzyme activity at the end of gestation. It is concluded that Prl has no direct and immediate role in 20α-OHSD regulation, at least on day 12, although substitution by endogenous rat placental lactogen at the end of pregnancy cannot be excluded.

176 BLOOD FLOW TO THE CORPUS LUTEUM AND PREOVULATORY FOLLICLE AFTER OVULATION INDUCTION DURING FIRST VERSUS SECOND WAVE IN WATER BUFFALO

2015 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 179
Author(s):  
S. Caunce ◽  
D. Dadarwal ◽  
P. S. Brar ◽  
J. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Flow ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Prostaglandin F2α ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Dominant Follicle ◽  
Flow Area ◽  
Vascular Area ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Luteal Tissue ◽  
Second Wave

The objective of the study was to compare the blood flow to the corpus luteum (CL) and the preovulatory follicle in dairy buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) when ovulation was induced during the first (low to increasing progesterone levels) versus the second (luteal progesterone levels) follicular wave. We hypothesised that the wall of the first-wave dominant follicle will be less vascular compared with that of the second-wave follicle. The study was conducted during the summer months in Punjab, India. Ovulation was synchronized with prostaglandin F2α (PGF) IM followed by gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) IM 48 h later (Day 0) and buffaloes were randomised to first wave (FW; n = 6) and second wave (SW; n = 7) groups. FW group was given PGF on Days 6.5 and 7, and GnRH on Day 9.5 followed by AI (14–16 h after GnRH). The SW group was given GnRH on Day 7 (to induce ovulation of first-wave dominant follicle without luteolysis and synchronous emergence of next wave), PGF on Days 13.5 and 14, GnRH on Day 16.5 followed by artificial insemination. Transrectal colour Doppler ultrasonography (MyLab5 Vetwith 7.5 MHz transducer, Esaote S.p.A, Genoa, Italy) was performed daily and 20-s cineloops of each ovary were recorded under standardized gain controls. Images from the cineloops were processed using Fiji (ImageJ, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA) to calculate the area of blood flow (coloured area = vascular area, grey scale area = tissue area, and their ratio) for the preovulatory follicle (on the day before ovulation) and luteal tissue (on the day of PGF injection and 4 days post-ovulation). Data were analysed by t-test from the animals that ovulated one day before (n = 3) or the day of AI (n = 6) and had a functional CL at day 5 post-AI (FW n = 5, SW n = 4). FW follicles ovulated on 8.6 ± 0.3 days from wave emergence compared with SW follicles on 10.0 ± 0.6 days (P < 0.05) but were similar in size (i.e. follicular area on the day before ovulation did not differ between groups; P = 0.5). There was no difference in the blood flow area in the wall of preovulatory follicles (P = 0.4). Vascular area of follicles was strongly correlated with their diameter (r = 0.87). Follicles >13.5 mm in diameter had more blood flow in their wall than smaller follicles (P < 0.01). FW had a tendency (P = 0.07) for smaller luteal area on the day of PGF treatment (FW = 171 ± 24 mm2; SW = 332 ± 81 mm2) and tended (P = 0.06) to have less vascular area in the CL compared to SW group (FW = 30 ± 6 mm2; SW = 67 ± 17 mm2). There was no difference (P = 0.5) between the groups for vascular to CL area ratio. The area of luteal tissue and blood flow to the CL at Day 4 post-ovulation did not differ between the groups (P = 0.4). The diameter of the preovulatory follicle (11.6–15.7 mm) was not correlated with the cross-sectional area of developing CL at Day 4 post-ovulation (r = 0.09). In conclusion, vascularity to preovulatory follicles originating from the first wave v. second wave did not differ and preovulatory follicles ≥13.5 mm were more vascular than smaller follicles. Research was funded by NSERC; the first author was funded by scholarships from WCVM and GADVASU.

Comparison of cellular distribution of LH receptors and steroidogenic enzymes in the porcine ovary

1996 ◽  
Vol 148 (3) ◽  
pp. 435-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
G Meduri ◽  
M T Vu Hai ◽  
A Jolivet ◽  
S Takemori ◽  
S Kominami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Distinct Pattern ◽  
Hormonal Control ◽  
Interstitial Tissue ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Preovulatory Follicle ◽  
Steroidogenic Enzymes ◽  
Lh Receptor ◽  
Luteal Cells ◽  
Theca Interna

Abstract Previous studies have shown a heterogeneous expression of LH receptors in various structures of the porcine ovary. Specially striking was the existence in the preovulatory follicle of inner layers of theca interna cells devoid of LH receptor and the confinement in the corpus luteum of the LH receptor to the external cellular layers. In the present study, we have compared the steroidogenic capabilities of LH receptor-positive and -negative cells using immunocytochemistry for side-chain cleavage P450, 3β-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase, 17α-hydroxylase P450 and aromatase P450. We have also examined, using the same methods, the evolution of the various cell types after ovulation and during the development of the corpus luteum. In preovulatory follicles the inner layers of theca cells which were not labelled with anti-LH receptor antibodies appeared to express the steroidogenic enzymes in a way similar to that of the outer LH receptor-positive cell layers. Ovulation per se did not change the distribution of LH receptors (present in the outer luteal cells and in the granulosa) or of steroidogenic enzymes. However, 48 h after follicular rupture there was a marked decrease in overall labelling with anti-LH receptor antibody, and especially a disappearance of immunostaining in the luteal cells of granulosa origin. In the mid-luteal phase (6 days after ovulation), the receptor content seemed to increase in the peripheral luteal cells derived from the theca but the receptor did not reappear in the granulosa-derived luteal cells. Thus the down-regulation of LH receptor appeared to be reversible in the external thecal layers but irreversible in the granulosa cells. Furthermore, the distribution of the various steroidogenic enzymes in the corpora lutea delineated granulosa-derived from theca-derived cells and showed that only the external layers of the latter expressed the LH receptor. These results showed the existence in the preovulatory follicle of two theca interna regions expressing the same steroidogenic enzymes but possibly submitted to a different hormonal control. Furthermore, the cells derived from these two regions as well as the cells of granulosa origin showed a distinct pattern of variation of LH receptivity during the development of the corpus luteum. During these studies we also observed that, in the interstitial tissue, only a minority of cells which derived from remnants of atretic follicles expressed both the LH receptor and the steroidogenic enzymes. Journal of Endocrinology (1996) 148, 435–446

BINDING OF TRITIATED METHYLATED LUTEINIZING HORMONE TO BOVINE CORPUS LUTEUM RECEPTORS

1976 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-401 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Paloma de la Llosa-Hermier ◽  
Claude Hermier ◽  
Pedro de la Llosa
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Corpus Luteum ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Reductive Methylation ◽  
Binding Properties ◽  
Bovine Corpus Luteum ◽  
Binding Inhibition

ABSTRACT The binding of luteinizing hormone (LH) to cow corpora lutea homogenates was studied using a tritium labelled hormone obtained by reductive methylation. The KD observed was 0.9 10−10 m and the number of sites was the equivalent of 0.4 10−15 moles per mg of wet tissue. The influence of the pH and temperature was examined. HCG and LH produced the same binding inhibition curves as did unlabelled methylated LH, suggesting that the binding properties of the derivative used for labelling LH were similar to those of native LH. The inhibitory activity of the subunits was extremely low (α-LH: 4%, β-LH: 1%). No significant inhibition was observed in the case of FSH or prolactin.

Effects of season, GnRH administration and lupin supplementation on the ovarian and endocrine responses of merino ewes treated with PMSG and FSH-P to induce superovulation

1991 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 699 ◽  
Author(s):  
HN Jabbour ◽  
JP Ryan ◽  
G Evans ◽  
WM Maxwell
Keyword(s):  
Luteinizing Hormone ◽  
Marked Reduction ◽  
Follicle Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Supplementary Feeding ◽  
Corpora Lutea ◽  
Releasing Hormone ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Preovulatory Follicles ◽  
Gonadotrophin Releasing Hormone ◽  
Pregnant Mare Serum Gonadotrophin

Administration of gonadotrophin releasing hormone (GnRH) 24 h after sponge withdrawal did not affect the numbers of corpora lutea (CL) or persistent large follicles (LF) in ewes superovulated with 400 I.U. pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin and 12 mg follicle stimulating hormone in spring (11.6 +/- 0.9 v. 13.0 +/- 0.9 CL and 0.8 +/- 0.9 v. 0.9 +/- 0.3 LF, for +GnRH and -GnRH ewes, respectively). However, it did increase the ovulatory response of ewes superovulated in autumn (15.8 +/- 1.2 v. 11.8 +/- 1.1 CL). The incidence of ewes with prematurely regressed CL was also greater in autumn than in spring (21/89 v. 5/88). Supplementary feeding with lupin grain in autumn had no effect on numbers of CL but did increase the incidence of ewes with LF (18/48 v. 7/46) and caused a marked reduction in the incidence of ewes with regressed CL (1/44 v. 20/45). For ewes treated in autumn, there were no effects of lupin supplementation or GnRH administration on peak oestradiol-17 beta (E2) or peak luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. However, when peak E2 concentrations in the plasma were adjusted for numbers of preovulatory follicles, higher concentrations were observed for ewes in the +lupin/-GnRH group (12.4 +/- 2.9 pg mL-1) than in other treatment groups (range 4.3 +/- 0.4 to 5.7 +/- 0.3 pg mL-1). Moreover, the time of the LH peak was advanced by both lupin supplementation and GnRH treatment.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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