Sex-related differences in renal size in mice: ontogeny and influence of neonatal androgens

ABSTRACT Kidneys of adult male mice are larger than those of females because of both cellular hyperplasia and hypertrophy. Administration of testosterone to adult female mice induced cellular hypertrophy but not hyperplasia, so that the weight of the kidney remained smaller than in male mice. The sexual dimorphism in kidney size is not congenital but programmed by neonatal endogenous androgens and expressed between 30 and 40 days of age. Treatment of newborn males with cyproterone acetate and of newborn females with testosterone induced female and male patterns of renal growth respectively. It appears that neonatal endogenous androgens are required to induce the characteristic cellular hyperplasia of the kidneys of male mice. Manipulation of androgen levels during neonatal and prepubertal life was found to affect the growth response of the kidney to androgens in adult male and female mice. J. Endocr. (1987) 115, 241–246

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Extragonadal effects of luteinizing hormone in mice

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1210587 ◽

1989 ◽

Vol 121 (4) ◽

pp. 587-594 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Kaoru Nomura ◽

David W. Puett ◽

David Puett ◽

Kazuo Shizume ◽

Grant W. Liddle

Keyword(s):

Physiological Role ◽

Male Mice ◽

Intact Female ◽

Intact Male ◽

Kidney Weight ◽

Kidney Size ◽

Female Mice ◽

Cellular Hypertrophy ◽

Kidney Growth

Abstract. LH is composed of isoforms which exhibit microheterogeneity. We recently demonstrated that a particular ovine or porcine LH preparation (G100-fr.3) stimulates kidney growth. This study was conducted to clarify the physiological role of this renotropic activity and other extragonadal effects of the ovine LH preparation in CD-1 mice. Hypophysectomy caused a significantly greater reduction in relative dry kidney weight (i.e. g/100 g body weight) when compared to adrenalectomy, castration, thyroidectomy, and castration plus thyroidectomy. Supplementation with G100-fr.3 in these animals partially restored not only kidney size but also DNA, RNA and protein content. Treatment with standard LH preparations (NIDDKoLH24 and G3-268DA), as well as PRL, GH, FSH and TSH, failed to reverse the renal atrophy induced by hypophysectomy and castration. Administration of testosterone to castrated hypophysectomized mice increased kidney weight and RNA content, but not renal DNA. The relative dry kidney weight increased significantly at the onset of puberty in intact male mice, but not in castrated males or intact female mice. In addition, human CG increased kidney size in hypophysectomized male mice, but not in castrated hypophysectomized animals. These findings indicate that LH isoforms may regulate kidney growth in the male mouse both directly as a renotropin stimulating hyperplasia and indirectly as a gonadotropin via testicular androgen, producing cellular hypertrophy. It was also noted that G100-fr.3 decreased hepatic weight, DNA, RNA and protein, but produced no significant change in the spleen, heart or adrenal glands in castrated-hypophysectomized mice. Such extragonadal effects of G100-fr.3 were also observed in intact female mice. These results suggest that certain LH isoforms may have extragonadal actions involving the kidney and liver.

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Role of the ovary in sexual differentiation of lactotrophs and somatotrophs in the mouse adenohypophysis: a stereological morphometric study by electron microscopy

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0990355 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 99 (3) ◽

pp. 355-NP ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

F. Sasaki ◽

M. Sano

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Sexual Differentiation ◽

Morphometric Study ◽

Normal Male ◽

Corpora Lutea ◽

Male Mice ◽

Female Mice ◽

Pituitary Glands ◽

Normal Males

To study the effect of the ovary on sexual differentiation of somatotrophs and lactotrophs, the anterior pituitary glands of castrated adult male mice which had received an ovarian transplant during postnatal development were studied using a stereological morphometric technique with an electron microscope. In adult male mice which were castrated neonatally and given ovarian transplants at the age of puberty (NCT-males), the ovaries contained follicles and corpora lutea. The percentages (∼40) and numbers (∼2 × 105) of lactotrophs were similar in normal dioestrous females and NCT-males, but were higher than the percentage (9·3) and number (4·6 × 104) in normal males. Ovarian grafts in adult male mice which were simultaneously castrated and given an ovarian transplant just before puberty (PCT-males) contained numerous follicles of various sizes but no corpora lutea. The percentage (46·8) and number (3·9 × 105) of lactotrophs were greater in these mice than in dioestrous females. The percentage of somatotrophs in NCT-males (34·7) was less than in normal males (52·6), but was similar to that in dioestrous female mice (37·4). The percentage of somatotrophs in PCT-males (27·4) was less than in normal male and dioestrous female mice. These data indicate that lactotrophs and somatotrophs differentiate to the female phenotype when a cyclically functional ovary is present after puberty.

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THE EFFECT OF GENISTEIN ON THE FERTILITY OF MICE

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.0130094 ◽

1955 ◽

Vol 13 (1) ◽

pp. 94-100 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

JUNE EAST

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Normal Diet ◽

Vaginal Opening ◽

Male Mice ◽

Intact Female ◽

Female Mice ◽

Adult Females ◽

Daily Intakes

SUMMARY Synthetic genistein, 5:7:4′-trihydroxy-isoflavone, proved to be oestrogenic (that is to say produced vaginal cornification) when included in the normal diet of immature, spayed and intact female mice in amounts calculated to give daily intakes of 2, 10 and 15 mg respectively. Consumption of genistein also precipitated vaginal opening in immature mice. The fertility of adult male mice fed 15 mg genistein daily for 22–25 days was more severely affected than that of adult females similarly treated for 31–55 days. Of ten males, five were rendered sterile and the fertility of three others was impaired. Two of ten females did not mate and abnormal numbers of still-born young were produced by the remaining animals. Four males and one female did not recover fertility when transferred to normal rations.

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The influence of pituitary and gonadal hormones on serum levels of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1

Acta Endocrinologica ◽

10.1530/acta.0.1040023 ◽

1983 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 23-26 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

J. Hau ◽

A. A. Gidley-Baird ◽

B. Teisner ◽

P. Svendsen ◽

J. G. Westergaard

Keyword(s):

Adult Male ◽

Serum Levels ◽

Gonadal Hormones ◽

Male Mice ◽

Testosterone Treatment ◽

Female Mice

Abstract. Hypophysectomy of female mice resulted in the disappearance of pregnancy-associated murine protein-1 (PAMP-1) from the circulation within a week. Maintenance of physiological levels of oestrogen, progesterone, testosterone, LH, FSH or prolactin was not sufficient to maintain a normal PAMP-1 level in the hypophysectomized animals. However, administration of oestrogen in large doses to adult male mice with undectable levels of circulating PAMP-1 caused PAMP-1 to appear in the blood. Testosterone treatment of females inhibited the PAMP-1 synthesis.

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Impact of mothers’ past experience and early-life stress on aggression and cognition in adult male mice

10.1101/453084 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

V. Reshetnikov ◽

Yu. Ryabushkina ◽

N. Bondar

Keyword(s):

Locomotor Activity ◽

Adult Male ◽

Life Stress ◽

Early Life ◽

Maternal Separation ◽

Life Experience ◽

Early Life Stress ◽

Male Mice ◽

Female Mice ◽

Stressful Experience

AbstractEarly life is an important period for brain development and behavioral programming. Both reduced maternal care and stress in early life are risk factors for various psychiatric disorders. Here, we hypothesized that females’ stressful experience in their early life can lead to a disruption of mother-offspring interactions toward their own progeny. The objective of this study is to assess the effects of mothers’ past stressful experience, early-life stress alone or both on behavior in adult male mice. In this study, female mice were allowed to raise their pups either without exposure to stress (normal rearing condition, NC) or with exposure to maternal separation (3h/day, maternal separation, MS) on postnatal days 2–14. Adult F1 female mice who had experienced MS (stressed mothers, SM) or had been reared normally (undisturbed mothers, UM) were used for generating F2 offspring to be or not to be further exposed to early-life stress. We assessed anxiety-like behavior, exploratory activity, locomotor activity, aggression and cognition in four groups of adult F2 males (UM+NC, UM+MS, SM+NC, SM+MS). We found that SM+MS males become more aggressive if agonistic contact is long enough, suggesting a change in their social coping strategy. Moreover, these aggressive males tended to improve longterm spatial memory. Aggressive SM+NC males, in contrast, showed learning impairments. We did not find any significant differences in anxiety-like behavior or exploratory and locomotor activity. Overall, our findings suggest that mothers’ early-life experience may have important implications for the adult behavior of their offspring.

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Permanent changes in the functional development of accessory sex organs and in fertility in male mice after neonatal exposure to cyproterone acetate

Journal of Endocrinology ◽

10.1677/joe.0.1040113 ◽

1985 ◽

Vol 104 (1) ◽

pp. 113-120 ◽

Cited By ~ 13

Author(s):

Ch. Jean-Faucher ◽

M. Berger ◽

M. De Turckheim ◽

G. Veyssiere ◽

Cl. Jean

Keyword(s):

Cyproterone Acetate ◽

Vas Deferens ◽

Neonatal Exposure ◽

Male Mice ◽

Short Term ◽

Sexual Organ ◽

Organ Weights ◽

Functional Development ◽

Accessory Sex Organs ◽

Androgen Levels

ABSTRACT Male mice were injected daily with cyproterone acetate for 10 consecutive days during one of the four following periods: 1–10 days, 11–20 days, 21–30 days or 31–40 days. At all stages studied cyproterone acetate caused a significant reduction in the relative weights of epididymis, vas deferens, preputial gland and seminal vesicle in males killed 24 h after the last injection; the androgen content (testosterone + dihydrotestosterone) of the accessory sex organs was also reduced but the differences were not always significant. Cyproterone acetate treatment from 1 to 10 days resulted in a definitive reduction in the relative weights of all accessory sex organs studied and when injected from 11 to 20 days in epididymis and vas deferens. When cyproterone acetate was injected after 20 days of age, the inhibition of sexual organ weights was reversible and at adulthood organs were normally developed. Cyproterone acetate treatment induced a high percentage of infertile males only when injected from 1 to 10 days. Spermatogenesis, androgen levels in plasma and accessory sex organs, and sexual behaviour were not affected in sterile males. These results suggest that the functional development of accessory sex organs can be permanently affected by short-term neonatal exposure to endogenous androgens. J. Endocr. (1985) 104, 113–120

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