scholarly journals Antigoitrogenic effect of combined supplementation with dl-alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene and of dl-alpha-tocopherol alone in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Mutaku ◽  
MC Many ◽  
I Colin ◽  
JF Denef ◽  
MF van den Hove
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The effects of the vitamins dl-alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene, free radical scavengers and lipid peroxidation inhibitors, were analyzed in male Wistar rats made goitrous by feeding a low iodine diet (< 20 micrograms iodine/kg) and perchlorate (1% in drinking water) for 4, 8, 16, and 32 days. Groups of control or goitrous rats received for at least 16 days before killing a diet containing 0.6% vitamin E (as dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate), 1.2% vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and 0.48% beta-carotene, either simultaneously (vitamin cocktail) or separately. This treatment led to a 5-fold increase of vitamin E in the thyroid gland, a 24-fold increase in the liver and a 3-fold increase in the plasma. In control rats, vitamin cocktail administration increased slightly the thyroid weight with little changes in thyroid function parameters. During iodine deficiency, administration of the vitamin cocktail or vitamin E alone reduced significantly the rate of increase in thyroid weight, and DNA and protein contents, as well as the proportion of [3H]thymidine labeled thyroid follicular cells, but not that of labeled endothelial cells. Plasma tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, TSH levels, thyroid iodine content and concentration as well as relative volumes of glandular compartments were not modified. The proportion of necrotic cells rose from 0.5% in normal animals to about 2% after 16 days of goiter development. No significant protective effect of the vitamins was observed. These results suggest that these vitamins, particularly vitamin E, modulate one of the regulatory cascades involved in the control of thyroid follicular cell growth, without interfering with the proliferation of endothelial cells.

Estimate of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in plasma of healthy subjects

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Anna Gorąca ◽  
Beata Skibska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractSerum contains various antioxidant molecules that may provide important protection against free radical attack. The aim of this work was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and a marker of lipid per oxidation [(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] in plasma of healthy smoking and non-smoking young and elderly subjects. In addition, we investigated plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. In in vitro experiments, the effects of exogenous compounds (ascorbic acid, uric acid, Trolox) on total ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were also tested. We demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained from healthy non-smoking young subjects was significantly higher than plasma antioxidant capacity of smoking elderly subjects. The concentration of TBARS in young non-smoking volunteers was lower than that in young smokers. The concentration of TBARS in elderly non-smoking volunteers was lower than in elderly smokers. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in elderly smoker than in elderly non-smokers of the same age. No difference in the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were found in 22-year-old smoking and non-smoking subjects. In vitro addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid, or Trolox to plasma samples significantly increased their total antioxidant capacity. Decrease of FRAP values and increase of TBARS concentrations is a significant physiologic condition of the aging process. Supplementation of antioxidants could be useful for the enhancement of antioxidant screen in plasma.

scholarly journals Nutritional Composition of Neglected Underutilized Green Leafy Vegetables and Fruits in South East Geo-political Zone of Nigeria

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
N. N. Umerah ◽  
N. M. Nnam
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Proximate Composition ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Nutritional Composition ◽  
Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Green Leafy Vegetables ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits

Background/Objective: Vegetables and fruits play a highly significant role in food security of the underprivileged in both urban and rural settings. The study was designed to determine the nutritional composition of some neglected underutilized fruits and vegetables in Southeast geopolitical zone of Nigeria. Methodology: The commonly occuring underutilized fruits and vegetables were selected for the study. The food crops were harvested and identified at the Herbarium in the Department of Plant Science and Biotechnology, University of Nigeria Nsukka. Twenty underutilized fruits and vegetables each were cleaned and analysed for nutrients composition using standard methods. Data were presented using descriptive statistics, percentage, mean, standard deviation and frequency. Results: The proximate composition of the fruits ranged from 54.34-80.30% moisture, 0.27-6.21% protein, 0-3.08% fat, 0.28-8.58 % fibre, 0.33-11.05% ash and 9.08-36.61% carbohydrate. The ranges for mineral values of the fruits were iron 0.10-9.60 mg, zinc 0.02-10.30 mg, manganese 0.10-6.60 mg and calcium 5.42-46.50 mg.  The vitamin contents of the fruits ranged from beta-carotene traces -5666.67 RE, ascorbic acid 0-48.82 mg and vitamin E 0 -11.99 mg. The proximate composition of the vegetables ranged from moisture 60.45-91.00%, protein 0.02-6.60%, fat 0.02-2.19%, fibre 0.04-5.01%, ash 0.04-4.20% and carbohydrate 10.30-36.61%. The ranges for mineral values of the vegetables were iron 1.40-14.80 mg, zinc trace-9.40 mg, manganese 0.07-4.80 mg and calcium 18.19-400.00 mg. The vitamin levels of the vegetables were beta-carotene 15.20-1933.33 RE, ascorbic acid 2.40-38.40 mg and vitamin E traces - 6.67 mg. Conclusion: The use of these fruits and vegetables should be encouraged particularly in areas where they are not produced through nutrition education in order to promote the food use of these crops.

Relationship Between Smoking, Dietary Intakes and Plasma Levels of Vitamin E and beta-Carotene in Matched Maternal-cord Pairs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiely ◽  
Cogan ◽  
Kearney ◽  
Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratios

The concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids are lowered in umbilical cord blood plasma, which may have a negative effect on antioxidant protection in neonates. Smoking may adversely affect dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The dietary intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene were assessed in 66 pregnant women (31 smokers and 35 non-smokers) between 10 and 20 weeks gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were measured in maternal plasma at the time of the dietary assessment, and in the matched umbilical cords of their newborn after delivery. In smoking and non-smoking mothers, the mean intakes of vitamin E (9.3 [SD 5] and 8.2 [SD 5] mgd–1) and beta-carotene (3464 [SD 1885] and 2977 [SD 1503] mugd–1) were not significantly different. The plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (20.8 [SD 4] and 20.5 [SD 4] mumolL–1), the alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.8] and 3.5 [SD 0.8]) and the plasma concentrations of beta-carotene (0.22 [SD 0.1] and 0.22 [SD 0.1] mumolL–1) were not significantly different in smoking and non-smoking mothers. There were no significant differences in plasma alpha-tocopherol (7.4 [SD 2] and 7.3 [SD 2] mumolL–1), in alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.6] and 2.8 [SD 0.6]) or in beta-carotene concentrations (0.05 [SD 0.04] and 0.03 [SD 0.02] mumolL–1) in cords from newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.41, P = 0.015) between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of beta-carotene in non-smoking mothers. However, this relationship was not significant in smoking mothers (r = 0.28, P = 0.12). There were no relationships between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherol. These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy does not appear to affect the dietary intakes or plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in pregnant women or their babies. However, smoking does influence the relationship between dietary intakes and plasma levels of beta-carotene.

scholarly journals Vitamin complex (ascorbic acid, alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene) induces micronucleus formation in PBMNC unrelated to ROS production

Redox Report ◽  
2013 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 219-223
Author(s):  
Clara A. Veloso ◽  
Bárbara F. Oliveira ◽  
Fernanda Elisa P. Mariani ◽  
Fernanda S. Fagundes-Neto ◽  
Caroline Maria O. Volpe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Ros Production ◽  
Micronucleus Formation

scholarly journals Egg production, egg quality, and lipid peroxidation status in laying hens maintained at a low ambient temperature (6°C) and fed a vitamin C and vitamin E-supplemented diet

2012 ◽  
Vol 48 (No. 1 - 2) ◽  
pp. 33-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Kucuk ◽  
N. Sahin ◽  
K. Sahin ◽  
Gursu MF ◽  
F. Gulcu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Egg Production ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Egg Quality ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Tocopherol Acetate ◽  
Egg Shell

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of vitamin C (L-ascorbic acid) and vitamin E (&alpha;-tocopherol acetate) on egg production, egg quality, lipid peroxidation status (measured as MDA), and some serum metabolites in laying hens (Hy-Line) maintained at a low ambient temperature (6&deg;C). One hundred and twenty laying hens (18-wk-old) were divided into four groups, 30 hens per group. The laying hens were fed either a basal diet or the basal diet supplemented with either 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid/kg of diet, 250 mg of &alpha;-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet or 250 mg of L-ascorbic acid plus 250 mg of &alpha;-tocopherol acetate/kg of diet. Although feed consumption of the hens was similar (P &gt; 0.05) among treatments, supplemental vitamin C and E significantly increased final body weight, egg production, and improved feed efficiency (P &lt; 0.05). Egg weights were also greater (P &lt; 0.05) in hens supplemented with the combination of vitamin C and E than that of hens supplemented either vitamin or no vitamin (control). Haugh unit did not change upon each vitamin supplementation, but the combination of the vitamin supplement yielded a higher Haugh unit (P &lt; 0.05). Each dietary supplement of vitamin C and vitamin E improved the egg quality (P &lt; 0.05) resulting in a greater specific gravity, thicker egg shell, and heavier egg shell weight. Separately or as a combination, supplemental vitamin C and E decreased MDA, glucose, cholesterol, and triglyceride concentrations (P &lt; 0.05). Results of the present study showed that supplementing vitamin C and vitamin E, particularly as a combination, improved the performance of cold-stressed laying hens, offering a potential protective management practice in preventing cold stress-related losses in performance of laying hens. Results of the present study also indicated that the effects of vitamin C and vitamin E are additive.

scholarly journals Vitamin E and the risk of pneumonia: using the I2 statistic to quantify heterogeneity within a controlled trial

2016 ◽  
Vol 116 (9) ◽  
pp. 1530-1536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harri Hemilä
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Cancer Prevention ◽  
Treatment Effect ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Nutritional Epidemiology ◽  
Atbc Study ◽  
Vitamin E Supplementation

AbstractAnalyses in nutritional epidemiology usually assume a uniform effect of a nutrient. Previously, four subgroups of the Alpha-Tocopherol, Beta-Carotene Cancer Prevention (ATBC) Study of Finnish male smokers aged 50–69 years were identified in which vitamin E supplementation either significantly increased or decreased the risk of pneumonia. The purpose of this present study was to quantify the level of true heterogeneity in the effect of vitamin E on pneumonia incidence using the I2 statistic. The I2 value estimates the percentage of total variation across studies that is explained by true differences in the treatment effect rather than by chance, with a range from 0 to 100 %. The I2 statistic for the effect of vitamin E supplementation on pneumonia risk for five subgroups of the ATBC population was 89 % (95 % CI 78, 95 %), indicating that essentially all heterogeneity was true variation in vitamin E effect instead of chance variation. The I2 statistic for heterogeneity in vitamin E effects on pneumonia risk was 92 % (95 % CI 80, 97 %) for three other ATBC subgroups defined by smoking level and leisure-time exercise level. Vitamin E decreased pneumonia risk by 69 % among participants who had the least exposure to smoking and exercised during leisure time (7·6 % of the ATBC participants), and vitamin E increased pneumonia risk by 68 % among those who had the highest exposure to smoking and did not exercise (22 % of the ATBC participants). These findings refute there being a uniform effect of vitamin E supplementation on the risk of pneumonia.

Vitamin E and Cardiovascular Disease

2001 ◽  
Vol 85 (05) ◽  
pp. 758-760 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Marchioli
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Singlet Oxygen ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
First Line ◽  
Ldl Particles

SummaryInterest in the use of antioxidants for the treatment of human disease, and in the role of dietary antioxidants in the prevention of disease development, has been sustained for at least two decades. Several anti-oxidant protective mechanisms exist and constitute a primary defensive system including enzymatic defences (glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase, which depend on the presence of ions such as selenium, zinc, copper, and manganese) and naturally occurring vita-mins such as vitamin E, vitamin A, beta-carotene, and vitamin C. The most important natural antioxidants are vitamin E (in the form of α-, β-, γ-, and δ-tocopherols), beta-carotene, vitamin C and selenium (fundamental constituent of glutathione-peroxidase, i.e., an enzyme with antioxidant function). The first two are lipophilic substances whilst ascorbic acid is hydrophilic. Each antioxidant has a different important mechanism of action since oxidative damage can be caused by lipid- or water-soluble molecules. Lipid-soluble antioxidants are likely to be very important in preventing the peroxidation of low-density lipo-proteins (LDL) and this action could be paramount in the prevention of atherosclerosis. On the other hand, water-soluble antioxidants could be useful where a water-soluble oxidative stress occurs (e.g., inflammation). As lipophilic molecules, vitamin E and beta-carotene are incorporated into the LDL particle. Vitamin E is the main lipid-soluble chain-breaking antioxidant in plasma and tissues and converts the peroxyl-free radical to hydroperoxide, a less reactive radical. It acts as a first-line anti-oxidative defence of LDL particles, protecting unsatu-rated fatty acids from peroxidation. Beta-carotene is a carotenoid (precursor of vitamin A, pro-vitamin) that acts as scavenger of oxidising radicals such as singlet oxygen and is a second-line antioxidative defence of LDL cholesterol. Vitamin C (ascorbic acid) can react with singlet oxygen, superoxide, hydroxyl radicals, and is the first line of antioxi-dative defence in water-soluble compartments. In addition, it plays an important role in regenerating reduced -tocopherol.

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