Relationship Between Smoking, Dietary Intakes and Plasma Levels of Vitamin E and beta-Carotene in Matched Maternal-cord Pairs

1999 ◽  
Vol 69 (4) ◽  
pp. 262-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiely ◽  
Cogan ◽  
Kearney ◽  
Morrissey
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Dietary Assessment ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratios

The concentrations of tocopherols and carotenoids are lowered in umbilical cord blood plasma, which may have a negative effect on antioxidant protection in neonates. Smoking may adversely affect dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of carotenoids. The dietary intakes of vitamin E and beta-carotene were assessed in 66 pregnant women (31 smokers and 35 non-smokers) between 10 and 20 weeks gestation using a food frequency questionnaire. The concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene were measured in maternal plasma at the time of the dietary assessment, and in the matched umbilical cords of their newborn after delivery. In smoking and non-smoking mothers, the mean intakes of vitamin E (9.3 [SD 5] and 8.2 [SD 5] mgd–1) and beta-carotene (3464 [SD 1885] and 2977 [SD 1503] mugd–1) were not significantly different. The plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (20.8 [SD 4] and 20.5 [SD 4] mumolL–1), the alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.8] and 3.5 [SD 0.8]) and the plasma concentrations of beta-carotene (0.22 [SD 0.1] and 0.22 [SD 0.1] mumolL–1) were not significantly different in smoking and non-smoking mothers. There were no significant differences in plasma alpha-tocopherol (7.4 [SD 2] and 7.3 [SD 2] mumolL–1), in alpha-tocopherol to lipid ratios (3.2 [SD 0.6] and 2.8 [SD 0.6]) or in beta-carotene concentrations (0.05 [SD 0.04] and 0.03 [SD 0.02] mumolL–1) in cords from newborns of smoking and non-smoking mothers. There was a significant correlation (r = 0.41, P = 0.015) between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of beta-carotene in non-smoking mothers. However, this relationship was not significant in smoking mothers (r = 0.28, P = 0.12). There were no relationships between dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherol. These results indicate that smoking during pregnancy does not appear to affect the dietary intakes or plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol and beta-carotene in pregnant women or their babies. However, smoking does influence the relationship between dietary intakes and plasma levels of beta-carotene.

Smoking during Pregnancy and Plasma Concentrations of beta-Carotene and alpha-Tocopherol in the Immediate Postpartum Period in Brazilian Women

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (4) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silmara ◽  
Rondó ◽  
Bergamaschi ◽  
Mastroeni
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Lipid Ratio ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Confounding Variables ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between plasma concentrations of beta-carotene and the alpha-tocopherol/lipid ratio, and smoking in 233 postpartum women, from July to November 2002, in the city of Joinville, Brazil. Thirty-seven percent (37%) of the women included in this study had low concentrations of alpha-tocopherol (< 11.63 mumol/L) and 61% of the women presented low concentrations of beta-carotene (< 0.39 mumol/L). Multivariate regression analysis investigated the relationship between smoking and the concentration of the vitamins, adjusting by confounding variables. The final regression model showed inverse associations between beta-carotene concentrations and smoking (p = 0.036), and beta-carotene concentrations and triglyceride levels (p = 0.021). There was an association between the plasma alpha-tocopherol/lipid ratio and per capita income (p = 0.003), but no association with smoking. We advise further studies to evaluate the impact of smoking and oxidative stress on the concentrations of these vitamins.

scholarly journals Antigoitrogenic effect of combined supplementation with dl-alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene and of dl-alpha-tocopherol alone in the rat

1998 ◽  
Vol 156 (3) ◽  
pp. 551-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
JF Mutaku ◽  
MC Many ◽  
I Colin ◽  
JF Denef ◽  
MF van den Hove
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Iodine Content ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Free Radical Scavengers ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

The effects of the vitamins dl-alpha-tocopherol, ascorbic acid and beta-carotene, free radical scavengers and lipid peroxidation inhibitors, were analyzed in male Wistar rats made goitrous by feeding a low iodine diet (< 20 micrograms iodine/kg) and perchlorate (1% in drinking water) for 4, 8, 16, and 32 days. Groups of control or goitrous rats received for at least 16 days before killing a diet containing 0.6% vitamin E (as dl-alpha-tocopherol acetate), 1.2% vitamin C (ascorbic acid) and 0.48% beta-carotene, either simultaneously (vitamin cocktail) or separately. This treatment led to a 5-fold increase of vitamin E in the thyroid gland, a 24-fold increase in the liver and a 3-fold increase in the plasma. In control rats, vitamin cocktail administration increased slightly the thyroid weight with little changes in thyroid function parameters. During iodine deficiency, administration of the vitamin cocktail or vitamin E alone reduced significantly the rate of increase in thyroid weight, and DNA and protein contents, as well as the proportion of [3H]thymidine labeled thyroid follicular cells, but not that of labeled endothelial cells. Plasma tri-iodothyronine, thyroxine, TSH levels, thyroid iodine content and concentration as well as relative volumes of glandular compartments were not modified. The proportion of necrotic cells rose from 0.5% in normal animals to about 2% after 16 days of goiter development. No significant protective effect of the vitamins was observed. These results suggest that these vitamins, particularly vitamin E, modulate one of the regulatory cascades involved in the control of thyroid follicular cell growth, without interfering with the proliferation of endothelial cells.

Plasma Levels of Vitamin E in Pregnant Women prior to the Development of Preeclampsia and Other Hypertensive Complications

2002 ◽  
Vol 54 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avi Ben-Haroush ◽  
Daniella Harell ◽  
Moshe Hod ◽  
Ron Bardin ◽  
Boris Kaplan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Plasma Levels

scholarly journals Comparison of the Antioxidant Nutrient Profile among Normal Pregnant Women and Women having Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 246-251
Author(s):  
Kausar Aamir ◽  
Arfa Azhar ◽  
Fatima Abid ◽  
Shamaila Khalid ◽  
Fiza Ali Khan
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Cell Damage ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Nutrient Profile ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Mild Hypertensive

Background: Preeclampsia is a multifactorial disorder comprising many organs. Oxidative stress (OS) has been intensely linked to its occurrence. Vitamin E, a lipophilic chain breaking antioxidant has been proved to suppress the OS. Present study was designed to investigate antioxidant nutrient profile in patients with different grades of pregnancy induced hypertension (PIH) and to compare them with normal pregnant controls. Methods: The study group comprised 110 patients divided in three groups as Group A (n=40) Normotensive patients, Group B (n=40) Mild hypertensive, Group C (n=30) Severe hypertensive. Vitamin A, B-Carotene, serum alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) and vitamin C levels were analysed. Results: Serum alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) was significantly low in severe and mild cases (0.32±0.00 mg/dl, 0.74±0.03 mg/dl respectively), when compared with normal pregnant women levels (0.78±0.040). All other nutrients were also found to be in reduced quantity for Group C when compared to control group (P value <0.001). Conclusion: It was therefore concluded that in patients with risk of preeclampsia (PE) adequate antioxidant nutrients may have a role in cessation of free radical-mediated cell disturbances, and thereby protecting against endothelial cell damage, which is the key factor in PE development.

Vitamin E Inadequacy Observed in a Group of 2- to 6-Year-Old Children Living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 78 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giraud ◽  
Kim ◽  
Cho ◽  
Driskell
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Republic Of Korea ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Korean Children ◽  
Trained Interviewer ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Vitamin E Status

Studies on the vitamin E status of Korean children are lacking. Dietary intakes and plasma concentrations of tocopherols of healthy 2- to 6-year-olds living in Kwangju, Republic of Korea, were determined and their vitamin E status evaluated. Subjects included 66 girls and 65 boys, with 21–32 subjects per age group. Subjects’ intakes were recorded by a trained interviewer for foods eaten at preschool/kindergarten; otherwise, three consecutive 24-hour food recalls were obtained from parents. Plasma tocopherol concentrations were determined using high-performance liquid chromatography. Intakes of energy and total monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fats were significantly different (p < 0.05) among age groups, not gender, with 2- and 3-year-olds having lower intakes. Alpha- and γ-tocopherol intakes were similar by age and gender. Sixty-seven percent consumed less than the Korean Adequate Intakes for vitamin E, and 77% had α-tocopherol intakes less than USA/Canadian Estimated Average Requirements. Plasma α-tocopherol concentrations, but not γ-tocopherol, were significantly higher (p < 0.05) for 2-year-olds. Two-thirds of subjects had plasma α-tocopherol concentrations less than 12 μmol/L, which is indicative of vitamin E inadequacy in adults; guidelines for children do not exist. Many of the Korean children had inadequate intakes and likely inadequate plasma concentrations of vitamin E.

Effects of Dietary Taurocholate, Fat and Protein on the Storage and Metabolism of Dietary beta-Carotene and alpha-Tocopherol in Ferrets

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 133-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sundaresan ◽  
Marmillot ◽  
Liu ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Grundel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Retinyl Palmitate ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Tissue Storage ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
High Protein Diets ◽  
Protein Diets

Dietary factors affecting tissue storage of beta-carotene (BC), alpha-tocopherol (alpha-T), and retinol (ROL) in mammals include taurocholate, protein, and fat. Few studies have examined the effects of these factors on the storage of BC, retinyl esters, and alpha-T in a mammalian system that is similar to humans. The main objective of the study was to investigate the effects of taurocholate (TC), fat, and protein on the absorption and metabolism of BC and alpha-T in ferret tissues. Three 4-week experiments were conducted using groups of 5–6 ferrets per treatment. All diets contained 0.2% BC. In Experiment 1, taurocholate was fed at concentrations of 0, 0.5, or 1%. Effects of two concentrations of dietary fat (6 and 23%) and three concentrations of protein (10, 20, and 40%) were also studied in Experiments 2 and 3, respectively. Tissues were analyzed for BC, retinoids, and alpha-T by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Taurocholate enhanced hepatic and plasma concentrations of BC (2.3- to 3-fold), retinyl palmitate [(RP) 3.2- to 9.5-fold], retinyl stearate [(RS) 2.9- to 6- fold], and hepatic alpha-T (6- to13- fold) at p < 0.05. High-fat diets elevated hepatic BC, RP, RS, and retinyl linoleate (RL) concentrations (2- to 3.6-fold, p < 0.05). In contrast, high-protein diets lowered hepatic RL 1.8-fold and alpha-T 8-fold (p < 0.05). Our results indicate the importance of taurocholate, fat, and protein in achieving adequate levels of vitamins A and E in mammals.

Obesity and Plasma Concentrations of Alpha-Tocopherol and Beta-Carotene in Epileptic Girls Treated with Valproate

2004 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 157-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alberto Verrotti ◽  
Rita Greco ◽  
Giuseppe Latini ◽  
Michele De Simone ◽  
Francesco Chiarelli
Keyword(s):  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol

Estimate of antioxidant capacity and lipid peroxidation in plasma of healthy subjects

Open Medicine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 23-34
Author(s):  
Anna Gorąca ◽  
Beata Skibska
Keyword(s):  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Total Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Elderly Subjects ◽  
Total Antioxidant

AbstractSerum contains various antioxidant molecules that may provide important protection against free radical attack. The aim of this work was to assess the total antioxidant capacity of plasma and a marker of lipid per oxidation [(thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS)] in plasma of healthy smoking and non-smoking young and elderly subjects. In addition, we investigated plasma concentrations of α-tocopherol, β-carotene, and ascorbic acid. In in vitro experiments, the effects of exogenous compounds (ascorbic acid, uric acid, Trolox) on total ferric-reducing activity of plasma (FRAP) were also tested. We demonstrated that total antioxidant capacity of plasma obtained from healthy non-smoking young subjects was significantly higher than plasma antioxidant capacity of smoking elderly subjects. The concentration of TBARS in young non-smoking volunteers was lower than that in young smokers. The concentration of TBARS in elderly non-smoking volunteers was lower than in elderly smokers. Plasma concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were significantly lower in elderly smoker than in elderly non-smokers of the same age. No difference in the plasma levels of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene and ascorbic acid were found in 22-year-old smoking and non-smoking subjects. In vitro addition of ascorbic acid, uric acid, or Trolox to plasma samples significantly increased their total antioxidant capacity. Decrease of FRAP values and increase of TBARS concentrations is a significant physiologic condition of the aging process. Supplementation of antioxidants could be useful for the enhancement of antioxidant screen in plasma.

scholarly journals Aflatoxin B1 albumin adducts in plasma and aflatoxin M1 in urine are associated with plasma concentrations of vitamins A and E

2010 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 355-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francis A. Obuseh ◽  
Pauline E. Jolly ◽  
Yi Jiang ◽  
Faisal M.B. Shuaib ◽  
John Waterbor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin E ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Aflatoxin M1 ◽  
Vitamin E Deficiency ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Virus Surface

Background: Although aflatoxin exposure has been associated with micronutrient deficiency in animals, there are few investigations on the effects of aflatoxin exposure on micronutrient metabolism in humans. Objective: To examine the relationship between aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) albumin adducts (AF-ALB) in plasma and the aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) metabolite in urine and plasma concentrations of retinol (vitamin A) and alpha-tocopherol (vitamin E) in Ghanaians. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 147 adult participants was conducted. Blood and urine samples were tested for aflatoxin and vitamins A and E levels. Results: Multivariable analysis showed that participants with high AF-ALB (>= 0.80 pmol/mg albumin) had increased odds of having vitamin A deficiency compared to those with lower AF-ALB [Odds Ratio (OR) = 2.61; CI = 1.03 - 6.58; p = 0.04]. Participants with high AF-ALB also showed increased odds of having vitamin E deficiency but this was not statistically significant (OR = 2.4; CI = 0.96 - 6.05; p = 0.06). Conversely, those with higher AFM1 values had a statistically nonsignificant reduced odds of having vitamin A deficiency (OR = 0.31; CI = 0.09 - 1.02; p = 0.05) and a statistically significant reduced odds of having vitamin E deficiency (OR = 0.31; CI = 0.10 - 0.97; p = 0.04). Participants with high AF-ALB or high AFM1 (>= 437.95 pg/dL creatinine) were almost 6 times more likely to be hepatitis B virus surface antigen (HBsAg)-positive (OR = 5.88; CI = 1.71 - 20.14; p = 0.005) and (OR = 5.84; CI = 1.15 - 29.54; p = 0.03) respectively. Conclusions: These data indicate that aflatoxin may modify plasma micronutrient status. Thus, preventing aflatoxin exposure may reduce vitamin A and E deficiencies.

scholarly journals Role of Vitamin E as a Preventive measure Against Platelet Aggregation In Pregnancy Induced Hypertension

2019 ◽  
Vol 09 (03) ◽  
pp. 170-174
Author(s):  
Kausar Aamir ◽  
Fatima Abid ◽  
Arfa Azhar
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Count ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Test Group ◽  
Alpha Tocopherol ◽  
Pregnancy Induced Hypertension ◽  
Group I ◽  
Induced Hypertension ◽  
Mild Hypertensive

Objective: To correlate the preventive role of vitamin E levels and platelet count in patients with different grades of pregnancy induced hypertension. The secondary objective was to compare these grades with normal pregnant patients. Study Design and Setting: This study was conducted in Obstetric OPD of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre (JPMC), Karachi, from April 2002 through April 2004. Methodology: The study group included 110 patients divided in three groups as Group A: n=40 Normotensive patients, Group B: n=40 Mild hypertensive (test group I), Group C: n=30 Severe hypertensive (test group II). All women were advised not to take any multivitamin supplements. Result: Serum alpha tocopherol (vitamin E) was significantly low in severe and mild cases (0.32±0.00 mg/dl, 0.74±0.03 mg/dl respectively), when compared with normal pregnant women levels (0.78±0.040). The decreased platelet count (246820±1493.51) in mild cases and (135460±387.2) in severe cases was significant (P<0.01) as compared to the normal pregnant women (348000±574.35). The decrease platelet count values for severe cases were again significant (P<0.01) when compared with mild cases of PIH. Conclusion: In patients with risk of preeclampsia adequate antioxidant nutrients may have a role in cessation of free radicalmediated cell disturbances, and thereby protecting against endothelial cell damage, which is the key factor in preeclampsia development

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