scholarly journals ON HEAT-FLOW AND TEMPERATURE-DISTRIBUTION IN THE GAS-ENGINE. (INCLUDING APPENDIXES AND PLATE AT BACK OF VOLUME).

1909 ◽  
Vol 176 (1909) ◽  
pp. 210-250
Author(s):  
B HOPKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Gas Engine

DISCUSSION. ON HEAT-FLOW AND TEMPERATURE-DISTRIBUTION IN THE GAS-ENGINE.

1909 ◽  
Vol 176 (1909) ◽  
pp. 251-276
Author(s):  
B HOPKINSON ◽  
J C INGLIS ◽  
R E B CROMPTON ◽  
W W BEAUMONT ◽  
E J DAVIS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Gas Engine

CORRESPONDENCE. ON HEAT-FLOW AND TEMPERATURE-DISTRIBUTION IN THE GAS ENGINE.

1909 ◽  
Vol 176 (1909) ◽  
pp. 276-286
Author(s):  
R H FERNALD ◽  
H R RICARDO ◽  
R ROYDS ◽  
C H WINGFIELD ◽  
B HOPKINSON
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Gas Engine

Evaluation of the Rotor Temperature Distribution of an Automotive Turbocharger Under Hot Gas Conditions Including Indirect Experimental Validation

2021 ◽  
Vol 143 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Zeh ◽  
Ole Willers ◽  
Thomas Hagemann ◽  
Hubert Schwarze ◽  
Jörg Seume
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Fluid Film Bearings ◽  
Validation Parameters

Abstract While turbocharging is a key technology for improving the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines, the operating behavior of the turbocharger is highly dependent on the rotor temperature distribution as it directly modifies viscosity and clearances of the fluid film bearings. Since a direct experimental identification of the rotor temperature of an automotive turbocharger is not feasible at an acceptable expense, a combination of numerical analysis and experimental identification is applied to investigate its temperature characteristic and level. On the one hand, a numerical conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model of the automotive turbocharger investigated is developed using a commercial CFD-tool and a bidirectional, thermal coupling of the CFD-model with thermohydrodynamic lubrication simulation codes is implemented. On the other hand, experimental investigations of the numerically modeled turbocharger are conducted on a hot gas turbocharger test rig for selected operating points. Here, rotor speeds range from 64.000 to 168.000 rpm. The turbine inlet temperature is set to 600 °C and the lubricant is supplied at a pressure of 300 kPa with 90 °C to ensure practically relevant boundary conditions. Comparisons of measured and numerically predicted local temperatures of the turbocharger components indicate a good agreement between the analyses. The calorimetrically determined frictional power loss of the bearings as well as the floating ring speed are used as additional validation parameters. Evaluation of heat flow of diabatic simulations indicates a high sensitivity of local temperatures to rotor speed and load. A cooling effect of the fluid film bearings is present. Consequently, results confirm the necessity of the diabatic approach to the heat flow analysis of turbocharger rotors.

Evaluation of the Rotor Temperature Distribution of an Automotive Turbocharger Under Hot Gas Conditions Including Indirect Experimental Validation

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Zeh ◽  
Ole Willers ◽  
Thomas Hagemann ◽  
Hubert Schwarze ◽  
Joerg R. Seume
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Internal Combustion Engines ◽  
Fluid Film ◽  
Experimental Investigations ◽  
Inlet Temperature ◽  
Hot Gas ◽  
Experimental Identification ◽  
Fluid Film Bearings ◽  
Validation Parameters

Abstract While turbocharging is a key technology for improving the performance and efficiency of internal combustion engines, the operating behavior of the turbocharger is highly dependent on the rotor temperature distribution as it directly modifies viscosity and clearances of the fluid film bearings. Since a direct experimental identification of the rotor temperature of an automotive turbocharger is not feasible at an acceptable expense, a combination of numerical analysis and experimental identification is applied to investigate its temperature characteristic and level. On the one hand, a numerical conjugate heat transfer (CHT) model of the automotive turbocharger investigated is developed using a commercial CFD-tool and a bidirectional, thermal coupling of the CFD-model with thermohydrodynamic lubrication simulation codes is implemented. On the other hand, experimental investigations of the numerically modelled turbocharger are conducted on a hot gas turbocharger test rig for selected operating points. Here, rotor speeds range from 64.000 to 168.000 rpm. The turbine inlet temperature is set to 600°C and the lubricant is supplied at a pressure of 300 kPa with 90°C to ensure practically relevant boundary conditions. Comparisons of measured and numerically predicted local temperatures of the turbocharger components indicate a good agreement between the analyses. The calorimetrically determined frictional power loss of the bearings as well as the floating ring speed are used as additional validation parameters. Evaluation of heat flow of diabatic simulations indicates a high sensitivity of local temperatures to rotor speed and load. A cooling effect of the fluid film bearings is present. Consequently, results confirm the necessity of the diabatic approach to the heat flow analysis of turbocharger rotors.

Analysis of Oil Film Thickness on a Piston Ring of Diesel Engine: Effect of Oil Film Temperature

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasuo Harigaya ◽  
Michiyoshi Suzuki ◽  
Masaaki Takiguchi
Keyword(s):  
Diesel Engine ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Film Thickness ◽  
Piston Ring ◽  
Reynolds Equation ◽  
Energy Equation ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Oil Film ◽  
The Mean

Abstract This paper describes that an analysis of oil film thickness on a piston ring of diesel engine. The oil film thickness has been performed by using Reynolds equation and unsteady, two-dimensional (2-D) energy equation with a heat generated from viscous dissipation. The temperature distribution in the oil film is calculated by using the energy equation and the mean oil film temperature is computed. Then the viscosity of oil film is estimated by using the mean oil film temperature. The effect of oil film temperature on the oil film thickness of a piston ring was examined. This model has been verified with published experimental results. Moreover, the heat flow at ring and liner surfaces was examined. As a result, the oil film thickness could be calculated by using the viscosity estimated from the mean oil film temperature and the calculated value is agreement with the measured values.

The combustion of wood. Part I

1946 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-182 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. H. Bamford ◽  
J. Crank ◽  
D. H. Malan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Decomposition ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Thermal Breakdown ◽  
Interesting Problem ◽  
Considerable Time ◽  
Simple Manner ◽  
Thermal Changes ◽  
Wood Part ◽  
Steady Heat

The combustion of wood presents an interesting problem in non-steady heat flow. When wood is heated, the temperature distribution at a given time may be calculated by means of the well-known conduction equation together with the relevant boundary conditions, provided that the temperature is nowhere sufficiently high to cause appreciable thermal decomposition. When this condition does not apply, the calculation becomes much more complicated, since, as has been recognized for a considerable time, the decomposition is exothermic. The general problem, therefore, is to calculate temperatures and rates of decomposition inside a mass of material, the thermal breakdown of which is accompanied by a heat change, given an initial set of conditions, and a known rate of supply of heat to the surface. The theoretical part of this paper aims at solving this problem for the case of sheets of wood heated in a comparatively simple manner. The treatment is, however, general and may be applied to other materials which undergo thermal changes without melting, if the relevant thermal and other constants are inserted.

Application of Styrofoam in the Elements of Building Constructions

2015 ◽  
Vol 725-726 ◽  
pp. 396-402 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radinko Kostić ◽  
Viktor Pukhkal ◽  
Nikolay Vatin ◽  
Vera Murgul
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Weather Conditions ◽  
Building Structures ◽  
Exterior Wall ◽  
Saint Petersburg ◽  
Building Enclosure ◽  
Wall Panels ◽  
Building Elements ◽  
The Way

The article presents the possibilities for the contemporary application of Styrofoam in the elements of building structures. Having in mind that Styrofoam belongs to a group of highly flammable materials, 5 % of combustion retarder - so called "retardant" - needs to be added to the amount when produced for structural building elements. That kind of Styrofoam is called "self-extinguishing" contrary to "normal" that does not contain that substance. The Article also shows the way in which building elements are constructed (external and interfloor construction), made out of Styrofoam using "Plastbau" technology. A possibility to use exterior wall panels ‘Plastbau’ under weather conditions of Saint-Petersburg has been considered. Temperature distribution along a wall’s section as well as a heat flow going through a building enclosure ‘Plastbau’ have been also analyzed herein.

Interface Crack Between Two Dissimilar Half Spaces Subjected to a Uniform Heat Flow at Infinity—Open Crack

1990 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 359-364 ◽  
Author(s):  
An-Yu Kuo
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stress ◽  
Stress Intensity ◽  
Temperature Distribution ◽  
Heat Flow ◽  
Interface Crack ◽  
Stress Intensity Factors ◽  
Crack Surface ◽  
Open Crack ◽  
Intensity Factors ◽  
Uniform Heat

The thermal stress problem of an “open” crack situated at the interface of two bonded, dissimilar, semi-infinite solids subjected to a uniform heat flow is studied. Heat transmission between adjacent crack surfaces is assumed to be proportional to the temperature difference between the crack surfaces with a proportional constant h, which is defined as the contact coefficient or interface conductance. Temperature distribution of the problem is obtained by superimposing the temperature field for a perfectly bonded composite solid and the temperature fields for a series of distributed thermal dipoles at the crack location. The distribution function of the dipoles is obtained by solving a singular Fredholm integral equation. Stresses are then expressed in terms of a thermoelastic potential, corresponding to the temperature distribution, and two Muskhelishvili stress functions. Stress intensity factors are calculated by solving a Hilbert arc problem, which results from the crack surface boundary conditions and the continuity conditions at the bonded interface. Thermal stress intensity factors are found to depend upon an additional independent parameter, the Biot number λ = (ah/k), on the crack surface, where a is half crack length and k is thermal conductivity. Dipole distribution and stress intensity factors for two example composite solids, Cu/Al and Ti/Al2O3, are calculated and plotted as functions of λ. Magnitude of the required mechanical loads to keep the interface crack open is also estimated.

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