scholarly journals Epidemiology of Anemia Associated with Chronic Renal Insufficiency among Adults in the United States: Results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

2002 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 504-510 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chi-yuan Hsu ◽  
Charles E. McCulloch ◽  
Gary C. Curhan
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Chronic Renal Insufficiency ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Hemoglobin Level ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACT. Anemia associated with chronic renal insufficiency (CRI) may have substantial clinical and public health importance, but little is known about its epidemiology. This study aims to quantify the relationship between reduced renal function and hemoglobin level, to assess the iron status of subjects with CRI, and to estimate the burden of anemia associated with CRI. The Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III) (1988 to 1994) data on 15,971 adults aged >18 yr with measurements of serum creatinine, hemoglobin, and iron profile were analyzed. General linear models were used to determine the relationship between hemoglobin level and Cockcroft-Gault creatinine clearance (CrCl) and to estimate the likelihood of anemia at different levels of renal function in different demographic subgroups. Sample weights were used to produce weighted regression parameters and population estimates. A statistically significant decrease in hemoglobin was apparent among men starting at CrCl ≤70 ml/min and among women starting at CrCl ≤50 ml/min. At any given level of CrCl, men had a larger decrease in hemoglobin than women. For example, compared with subjects with CrCl >80 ml/min, the decrease in hemoglobin for subjects with CrCl 20 to 30 ml/min was 1.0 g/dl in women and 1.4 g/dl in men. A substantial number of subjects with CRI might not have sufficient iron stores to support erythropoiesis as judged by the NKF-K/DOQI transferrin saturation or serum ferritin targets. Among those with CrCl 20 to 30 ml/min, 46% of women and 19% of men had transferrin saturation <20%, and 47% of women and 44% of men had serum ferritin <100 ng/ml. Results estimate that 13.5 million US adults had CrCl ≤50 ml/min. The overall burden of CRI associated anemia, defined as hemoglobin <11 g/dl, was 800,000 adults. The public health burden of anemia associated with CRI may be substantial, given the large number of people with CRI; and that even a modest reduction in renal function is associated with decreased hemoglobin level.

Abstract P315: Tomato Consumption by Form and Its Relationship to Total Vegetable Intake in the US: Implications for Healthier Dietary Patterns

Circulation ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 131 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin J Reimers ◽  
Debra R Keast
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Dietary Patterns ◽  
Vegetable Intake ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Food Pattern ◽  
The Us ◽  
Tomato Products ◽  
Raw Foods ◽  
The Relationship

Despite public health efforts to decrease risk of cardiovascular disease by promoting healthier dietary patterns, Americans persistently under-consume vegetables. Discovering feasible, achievable strategies to increase vegetable intake can contribute to improved dietary patterns and health outcomes. Tomatoes are the most consumed non-starchy vegetable in the US and also contribute the greatest porportion of vegetables to the USDA Food Pattern (MyPlate). Despite tomatoes’ dietary importance, little is known about tomato consumption by form. Tomato forms and amounts consumed in the US were determined by examining the intakes of adults 19 years and older (n = 16,252) in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 2005-06, 2007-08, and 2009-10. The forms of tomatoes in foods participants reported were divided into two categories: tomato products and raw. Foods containing tomato products were further divided into four subgroups: 1) canned tomatoes as main ingredients, 2) canned tomatoes as minor ingredients, 3) juice and 4) condiments. Tomato products comprised approximately 63% of total tomato consumption, primarily as main ingredients (33%) of foods such as pasta with tomato sauce, with smaller amounts contributed from minor ingredients (12%), condiments (10%) and juice (7%). Raw tomatoes accounted for the remaining 37%. Participants who consumed the most tomatoes, defined as those who met or exceeded the MyPlate tomato target amount (0.65 cup equivalents/d), consumed 67% of their tomatoes as tomato products and 33% as raw. These heavy tomato consumers’ total vegetable intake was 2.48 cup equivalents/d, which approximated the 2.5 cup equivalent MyPlate total vegetable target amount. Increasing the awareness and importance of the contribution of tomato intake by form, and the relationship between tomato intake and total vegetable intake targets can inform future strategies to achieve greater vegetable intake and thus improve dietary patterns for Americans.

scholarly journals Impact of Pregnancy on the Levels of Parabens and Bisphenol A: Data from NHANES 2005–2010

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ram B. Jain
Keyword(s):  
Bisphenol A ◽  
Regression Models ◽  
First Trimester ◽  
Nutrition Examination Survey ◽  
Third Trimester ◽  
The Third ◽  
Health And Nutrition ◽  
Pregnancy Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, regression models were fitted to assess the relationship between the levels of bisphenol A and selected parabens and pregnancy status among females 20–44 years old with adjustments made for factors that may affect the levels of these chemicals. Pregnancy did not affect the levels of bisphenol A, ethyl paraben, methyl paraben, and propyl paraben, but the pregnancy was found to be associated with increased levels of butyl paraben. Also, the levels of bisphenol A and butyl, ethyl, and methyl parabens increased as pregnancy progressed from the first trimester to the third trimester. The increasing levels of bisphenol A and parabens during pregnancy are of concern and need further clinical explanation.

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