The Effect of A Weight-Loss Diet in Women Doing Reformer Pilates: A 12-Week Evaluation

ABSTRACTBackgroundFor low-carbohydrate diets, a public health approach has focused on the replacement of carbohydrates with unsaturated fats. However, little research exists on the impacts of saturated fat intake on the lipid profile in the context of whole-food-based low-carbohydrate weight-loss diets.ObjectivesThe primary aim of this secondary analysis of the DIETFITS weight loss trial was to evaluate the associations between changes in percentage of dietary saturated fatty acid intake (%SFA) and changes in low-density lipoproteins, high-density lipoproteins, and triglyceride concentrations for those following a healthy low-carbohydrate (HLC) diet. The secondary aim was to examine these associations specifically for HLC dieters who had the highest 12-month increases in %SFA.MethodsIn the DIETFITS trial, 609 generally healthy adults, aged 18–50 years, with body mass indices of 28–40 kg/m2 were randomly assigned to a healthy low-fat (HLF) or HLC diet for 12 months. In this analysis, linear regression, both without and with adjustment for potential confounders, was used to measure the association between 12-month change in %SFA and blood lipids in 208 HLC participants with complete diet and blood lipid data.ResultsParticipants consumed an average of 12–18% of calories from SFA. An increase of %SFA, without significant changes in absolute saturated fat intake, over 12 months was associated with a statistically significant decrease in triglycerides in the context of a weight-loss study in which participants simultaneously decreased carbohydrate intake. The association between increase in %SFA and decrease in triglycerides was no longer significant when adjusting for 12-month change in carbohydrate intake, suggesting carbohydrate intake may be a mediator of this relationship.ConclusionsThose on a low-carbohydrate weight-loss diet who increase their percentage intake of dietary saturated fat may improve their overall lipid profile provided they focus on a high-quality diet and lower their intakes of both calories and refined carbohydrates. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT01826591.

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Reduced-Calorie Dietary Weight Loss, Exercise, and Sex Hormones in Postmenopausal Women: Randomized Controlled Trial

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2011.37.9792 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (19) ◽

pp. 2314-2326 ◽

Cited By ~ 103

Author(s):

Kristin L. Campbell ◽

Karen E. Foster-Schubert ◽

Catherine M. Alfano ◽

Chia-Chi Wang ◽

Ching-Yun Wang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Free Testosterone ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Weight Loss Diet ◽

Vigorous Intensity ◽

Free Estradiol

Purpose Estrogens and androgens are elevated in obesity and associated with increased postmenopausal breast cancer risk, but the effect of weight loss on these biomarkers is unknown. We evaluated the individual and combined effects of a reduced-calorie weight loss diet and exercise on serum sex hormones in overweight and obese postmenopausal women. Patients and Methods We conducted a single-blind, 12-month, randomized controlled trial from 2005 to 2009. Participants (age 50 to 75 years; body mass index > 25.0 kg/m2, exercising < 100 minutes/wk) were randomly assigned using a computer-generated sequence to (1) reduced-calorie weight loss diet (“diet”; n = 118), (2) moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (“exercise”; n = 117), (3) combined reduced-calorie weight loss diet and moderate- to vigorous-intensity aerobic exercise (“diet + exercise”; n = 117), or (4) control (n = 87). Outcomes were estrone concentration (primary) and estradiol, free estradiol, total testosterone, free testosterone, androstenedione, and sex hormone–binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations (secondary). Results Mean age and body mass index were 58 years and 30.9 kg/m2, respectively. Compared with controls, estrone decreased 9.6% (P = .001) with diet, 5.5% (P = .01) with exercise, and 11.1% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Estradiol decreased 16.2% (P < .001) with diet, 4.9% (P = .10) with exercise, and 20.3% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. SHBG increased 22.4% (P < .001) with diet and 25.8% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free estradiol decreased 21.4% (P < .001) with diet and 26.0% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Free testosterone decreased 10.0% (P < .001) with diet and 15.6% (P < .001) with diet + exercise. Greater weight loss produced stronger effects on estrogens and SHBG. Conclusion Weight loss significantly lowered serum estrogens and free testosterone, supporting weight loss for risk reduction through lowering exposure to breast cancer biomarkers.

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Weight loss, diet composition and breast cancer incidence and outcome in postmenopausal women

Oncotarget ◽

10.18632/oncotarget.26864 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (33) ◽

pp. 3088-3092 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Kathy Pan ◽

Juhua Luo ◽

Aaron K. Aragaki ◽

Rowan T. Chlebowski

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Postmenopausal Women ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Diet Composition ◽

Breast Cancer Incidence ◽

Weight Loss Diet

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Factors influencing women’s choice of weight-loss diet

Journal of Health Psychology ◽

10.1177/1359105315573435 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 20 (5) ◽

pp. 612-624 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Romana K Calder ◽

Alexander J Mussap

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Weight Loss Diet ◽

Factors Influencing

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A Weight Loss Diet Intervention Has a Similar Beneficial Effect on Both Metabolically Abnormal Obese and Metabolically Healthy but Obese Premenopausal Women

Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism ◽

10.1159/000345026 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 62 (3) ◽

pp. 223-230 ◽

Cited By ~ 21

Author(s):

Jonatan R. Ruiz ◽

Francisco B. Ortega ◽

Idoia Labayen

Keyword(s):

Weight Loss ◽

Beneficial Effect ◽

Premenopausal Women ◽

Diet Intervention ◽

Weight Loss Diet ◽

Similar Beneficial Effect ◽

Metabolically Healthy

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Abstract 11616: Effect of a Lifestyle Weight Loss Intervention on Visceral Fat and Glycemic Control Among Individuals With and Without Type 2 Diabetes

Circulation ◽

10.1161/circ.132.suppl_3.11616 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 132 (suppl_3) ◽

Author(s):

Soohyun Nam ◽

Devon A Dobrosielski ◽

Kerry J Stewart

Keyword(s):

Type 2 Diabetes ◽

Weight Loss ◽

Body Weight ◽

Glycemic Control ◽

Aerobic Fitness ◽

Visceral Fat ◽

Subcutaneous Fat ◽

Moderate Intensity ◽

Weight Loss Diet

Background: Though a high amount of visceral fat is associated with insulin resistance, which can lead to type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), less is known about whether lifestyle modification (weight loss diet and exercise) induced changes in visceral fat are associated with improvements in glycemia. Methods: We randomized 77 individuals aged 35-65 years with T2D or pre-diabetes to 6-months of weight loss diet (D); or D combined with supervised moderate-intensity exercise training (D+E). Study measures were total abdominal, visceral and subcutaneous fat volumes by magnetic resonance imaging, aerobic fitness expressed as VO 2 peak during treadmill testing, body mass index (BMI), and HbA1c levels from blood samples. Results: Of 77 subjects (mean age, 54.8±7.8 years; mean BMI, 34.5 ± 4.7 kg/m 2 , women, 77.9%; Whites-65%, Blacks-34%, Asians-1%), n=37 had T2D and n=40 had pre-diabetes. At 6 months, both D and D+E groups improved from baseline (p<0.05 for all) but did not differ in their changes for body weight (D: -6.04 ± 4.54 kg; D+E: -6.68 ± 4.48 kg, p= 0.61 for the group differences in change), abdominal total fat (D: -101.93 ± 68.67 cm 2 ; D+E:-104.16 ± 72.37 cm 2 , p= 0.92), visceral fat (D:-25.53 ± 39.44 cm 2 ; D+E:,-23.24 ± 35.62 cm 2 , p=0.85), HbA1c (D:0.04 ± 0.46%; D+E:0.03 ± 0.63%, p=0.96), and VO 2 peak (D: 2.26 ± 3.92 ml/kg/min ; D+E:3.71 ± 2.65 ml/kg/min, p=0.11). In a multivariate analysis, adjusting for baseline visceral fat, T2D status, body weight loss and increases in aerobic fitness, a reduction in HbA1c (β=-0.49, p =0.007) was associated with a reduction in visceral fat (R 2 =0.34, p=0.02). Conclusion: The key finding was that diet or diet plus exercise-mediated reductions in visceral fat was associated with reduced HbA1c among individuals with T2D or pre-diabetes. These data contribute to growing body of evidence of the benefits of reducing abdominal obesity, in this case, resulting in better glycemic control in T2D and pre-diabetes.

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