scholarly journals Lowest theme vowels or highest roots? An ‘unaccusative’ theme-vowel class in Slovenian

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marko Simonović ◽  
Petra Mišmaš
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Core Data ◽  
Unaccusative Verbs ◽  
The Status

This paper focuses on the e/i theme vowel class of verbs in Slovenian to bring together two seemingly unrelated debates; (i) the debate on the status of derivational affixes as roots within the framework of Distributed Morphology and (ii) the debate on the correlation between theme vowel classes with certain argument structures in Slavic. Focusing on Slovenian, our core data will come from active l-participles that are used adjectivally as an unaccusativity diagnostic. We take these l-participles to create a list of 109 unaccusative verbs. We show that (i) no unaccusative verbs belong to the two largest theme vowel classes in Slovenian (a/a and i/i), whereas (ii) the two big theme vowel classes tend to get accusative arguments quite frequently. Most importantly, (iii) the e/i-class stands out since more than one half of the unaccusative sample falls into. The e/i-class is furthermore the only theme vowel class whose theme vowel surfaces in adjectival l-participles, the theme vowel class to which inchoatives belong and behaves uniformly with respect to stress. Based on the uniform behavior of the e/i-class which sets it apart from other theme vowel-classes, we will argue that the vowel of this class is better analyzed as a root.

scholarly journals Features, Syntax, and Categories in the Latin Perfect

2000 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 185-230 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Embick
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Verbal System ◽  
The Status ◽  
Category Labels ◽  
The Difference

The analysis centers on the notion of category in synthetic and analytic verbal forms and on the status of the feature that determines the forms of the Latin perfect. In this part of the Latin verbal system, active forms are synthetic (“verbs”) but passive forms are analytic (i.e., participle and finite auxiliary). I show that the two perfects occur in essentially the same structure and are distinguished by a difference in movement to T; moreover, the difference in forms can be derived without reference to category labels like “Verb” or “Adjective” on the Root. In addition, the difference in perfects is determined by a feature with clear syntactic consequences, which must be associated arbitrarily with certain Roots, the deponent verbs. I discuss the implications of these points in the context of Distributed Morphology, the theory in which the analysis is framed.

Syntactic Categorization of Roots

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Terje Lohndal
Keyword(s):  
Building Block ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Consonant Clusters ◽  
Semitic Languages ◽  
Syntactic Structures ◽  
Fundamental Building Block ◽  
The Status ◽  
Relevant Category ◽  
Syntactic Theories

A root is a fundamental minimal unit in words. Some languages do not allow their roots to appear on their own, as in the Semitic languages where roots consist of consonant clusters that become stems or words by virtue of vowel insertion. Other languages appear to allow roots to surface without any additional morphology, as in English car. Roots are typically distinguished from affixes in that affixes need a host, although this varies within different theories. Traditionally roots have belonged to the domain of morphology. More recently, though, new theories have emerged according to which words are decomposed and subject to the same principles as sentences. That makes roots a fundamental building block of sentences, unlike words. Contemporary syntactic theories of roots hold that they have little if any grammatical information, which raises the question of how they acquire their seemingly grammatical properties. A central issue has revolved around whether roots have a lexical category inherently or whether they are given a lexical category in some other way. Two main theories are distributed morphology and the exoskeletal approach to grammar. The former holds that roots merge with categorizers in the grammar: a root combined with a nominal categorizer becomes a noun, and a root combined with a verbal categorizer becomes a verb. On the latter approach, it is argued that roots are inserted into syntactic structures which carry the relevant category, meaning that the syntactic environment is created before roots are inserted into the structure. The two views make different predictions and differ in particular in their view of the status of empty categorizers.

scholarly journals Greek derivational affixes roots or categorizers?

2021 ◽  
pp. 129-150
Author(s):  
Artemis Alexiadou
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
The Status

In this paper, I am concerned with the status of derivational affixes in Distributed Morphology: are these roots or categorizers? I will compare Greek to English and Dutch, as some derivational affixes in these two languages have been claimed to be roots. I will show that Greek derivational affixes are categorizers, and I will offer an explanation that capitalizes on the stress properties of Greek derivational affixes.

Distributed Morphology

2018 ◽  
pp. 142-165
Author(s):  
Daniel Siddiqi
Keyword(s):  
Distributed Morphology ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
The Status ◽  
Morphological Theory

This chapter surveys the key principles of the framework of Distributed Morphology (Halle & Marantz 1993, 1994). This summary distinguishes itself from other such summaries by focusing primarily on DM’s morphological properties rather than its syntactic ones. Thus it focuses on morphological concerns such as the morpheme-based hypothesis, realizational morphology, morphological rules, segmentability, derivation vs. inflection, underspecification, productivity, blocking, allomorphy, and the interfaces of morphology with syntax and phonology. This chapter emphasizes metatheoretical concerns that would be of interest to students of comparative morphological theory with a significant focus on the strengths and weaknesses of Distributed Morphology as a theory of morphology. Secondary focus is also given to internal metatheoretic debates such as the status of roots in the grammar and the power of post-syntactic rules.

Exploring Cognate Object Constructions in Japanese

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 281-295
Author(s):  
Mihaela-Alina Ploscaru
Keyword(s):  
Unaccusative Verbs ◽  
The Status ◽  
Do So

"Exploring Cognate Object Constructions in Japanese. The aim of this paper is to explore Cognate Object Constructions in Japanese. To do so, we will rely on the definitions that have been proposed in the literature to account for this phenomenon, as well as on the constraints which apply to such constructions. We will see that Japanese does make use of COCs, although the status of such constructions available in this language is not always agreed upon by the authors who have investigated verbs and their cognate objects. This paper is also concerned with investigating Hyponymic Object Constructions as well as Cognate Object Constructions built on unaccusative verbs. After examining the data, we conclude that although the former are accepted in Japanese, the latter constitute violations. Keywords: verb, cognate object, Japanese, unergative, unaccusative "

The study of interfacial reactions of nickel thin films on GaAs

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 156-157
Author(s):  
L.J. Chen ◽  
Y.F. Hsieh
Keyword(s):  
Thin Films ◽  
Integrated Circuits ◽  
Interfacial Reactions ◽  
Metal Contacts ◽  
Nickel Thin Films ◽  
Thin Foils ◽  
The Status ◽  
Si Doped ◽  
Electron Microscopes

One measure of the maturity of a device technology is the ease and reliability of applying contact metallurgy. Compared to metal contact of silicon, the status of GaAs metallization is still at its primitive stage. With the advent of GaAs MESFET and integrated circuits, very stringent requirements were placed on their metal contacts. During the past few years, extensive researches have been conducted in the area of Au-Ge-Ni in order to lower contact resistances and improve uniformity. In this paper, we report the results of TEM study of interfacial reactions between Ni and GaAs as part of the attempt to understand the role of nickel in Au-Ge-Ni contact of GaAs.N-type, Si-doped, (001) oriented GaAs wafers, 15 mil in thickness, were grown by gradient-freeze method. Nickel thin films, 300Å in thickness, were e-gun deposited on GaAs wafers. The samples were then annealed in dry N2 in a 3-zone diffusion furnace at temperatures 200°C - 600°C for 5-180 minutes. Thin foils for TEM examinations were prepared by chemical polishing from the GaA.s side. TEM investigations were performed with JE0L- 100B and JE0L-200CX electron microscopes.

Fate of sperm membrane in fertilized ova

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Frank J. Longo
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Electrical Activity ◽  
Sea Urchins ◽  
Morphological Changes ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Electrophysiological Recording ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
The Status ◽  
Sperm Membrane ◽  
Temporal And Spatial

Measurement of the egg's electrical activity, the fertilization potential or the activation current (in voltage clamped eggs), provides a means of detecting the earliest perceivable response of the egg to the fertilizing sperm. By using the electrical physiological record as a “real time” indicator of the instant of electrical continuity between the gametes, eggs can be inseminated with sperm at lower, more physiological densities, thereby assuring that only one sperm interacts with the egg. Integrating techniques of intracellular electrophysiological recording, video-imaging, and electron microscopy, we are able to identify the fertilizing sperm precisely and correlate the status of gamete organelles with the first indication (fertilization potential/activation current) of the egg's response to the attached sperm. Hence, this integrated system provides improved temporal and spatial resolution of morphological changes at the site of gamete interaction, under a variety of experimental conditions. Using these integrated techniques, we have investigated when sperm-egg plasma membrane fusion occurs in sea urchins with respect to the onset of the egg's change in electrical activity.

Revisiting the status of dental ethics instruction

2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (11) ◽  
pp. 772-774 ◽  
Author(s):  
JG Odom ◽  
PL Beemsterboer ◽  
TD Pate ◽  
NK Haden
Keyword(s):  
Ethics Instruction ◽  
The Status

The status of cosmology

2002 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
W Freedman
Keyword(s):  
The Status

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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