scholarly journals Political Deliberation, Interest Conflict, and the Common Knowledge Effect

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 6
Author(s):  
C. Daniel Myers
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Interest Conflict ◽  
The Common ◽  
Political Deliberation

El patriacado y la estructura social de la vida cotidiana

1970 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Postigo Asenjo
Keyword(s):  
Labor Market ◽  
Public Sphere ◽  
Civic Education ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Judicial System ◽  
The Public ◽  
El Sistema ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Ways Of Life

RESUMENEl sistema patriarcal no afecta exclusivamente al poder político y judicial, sino que afecta a la estructura interna de la sociedad, la identidad y las formas de vida de los individuos que en ella viven. Para comprender mejor como condiciona el sistema patriarcal las formas de vida y la visión que tienen los individuos de la realidad social, hemos de analizar el modo en que se extiende al orden institucional y lo determina mediante "tipificaciones" de hechos y de personas y mediante roles concretos, esteoreotipaciones sexiuales que obstaculizan el acceso a la esfera pública de la mujer, así como su reinserción en el mercado laboral, en suma, todo aquello que afecta al conocimiento común que comparten los miembros de una comunidad. El cambio hacia una mayor igualdad y una real democracia paritaria y compartida no es posible sin una paulatina educación y concienciación de la sociedad en su conjunto.PALABRAS CLAVEPATRIARCADO-TIPIFICACIÓN SOCIAL-IGUALDAD DE GÉNEROABSTRACTPatriarchalism is not only present in politics and the judicial system. It also affects the internal structure of society, above all the life and identitý of individuals. To understand better how it conditions their ways of life and the vision the individuals have of social reality, we should study how patriarchalism r3eaches the system of institutions and how this becomes determined by "typifications" of facts and people, and by certain roles or sexual stereotypes that hinder the access of women both to the public sphere and to tha labor market. It sum, everything that concerns the common knowledge that the members of a community share. The move towards more equality and towards a more egalitarian democracy heavily depends on the spread of civic education to the entire society.KEYWORDSPATRIARCHALISM-SOCIAL TYPIFICATION-GENDER EQUALITY

scholarly journals The Definite and Indefinite Articles of Spanish (or Castilian) Language in Context

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 99-127
Author(s):  
Sonia Montero Gálvez
Keyword(s):  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Definite Article ◽  
Cognitive Approach ◽  
Indefinite Article ◽  
The Common ◽  
Communicative Context ◽  
The Way

The present paper addresses the contrast between the definite article (el/la/los/las) and the indefinite article (un/a/os/as) from a cognitive approach that not only poses a single meaning for each kind of article, but also highlights the pragmatic (or contextual) aspects that underlie that meaning and establish the use of one form or another. The article’s meaning is shaped by the way we conceptualize the reference: the definite article implies an inclusive reference characterized by the uniqueness of the referent, while the indefinite article implies an exclusive reference characterized by the lack of uniqueness. The possibility to choose one or other way depends on contextual aspects related to the common knowledge shared by the interlocutors, the communicative context (linguistic and situational) and the space (physical or mental) where the referent is located.

scholarly journals LET’S JOIN OUR HANDS, MY DEAR FRIENDS: BULAT OKUDZHAVA IN THE INTERTEXTUAL THESAURUS OF THE YOUNG

2021 ◽  
pp. 7-16
Author(s):  
Валентина Даниловна Черняк ◽  
Мария Александровна Черняк
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Values ◽  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Cultural Backgrounds ◽  
Single Culture ◽  
The Common ◽  
Fathers And Sons ◽  
The Mind ◽  
Russian Linguistic ◽  
National Corpus

Введение. Рассматривается проблема культурного диалога представителей разных поколений. Прецедентные тексты, связанные с совокупностью знаний и представлений людей, принадлежащих к одной культуре, анализируются в связи со структурой языковой личности. Прецедентные феномены различных типов являются важной составляющей интертекстуального тезауруса. В процессе коммуникации немалую роль играют культурные аллюзии коммуникантов, их оперирование культурным багажом, в частности составляющими интертекстуального тезауруса. Цель – анализ той части тезауруса русской языковой личности, которая связана с крылатыми словами одного из значительных авторов XX века – Булата Окуджавы. Материал и методы. Постоянно воспроизводимые песни Булата Окуджавы формировали культурный код поколения 70–80-х гг. Многие фразы из его песен приобрели статус фольклорных, о чем свидетельствуют материалы словарей и Национального корпуса русского языка. Для исследования динамических процессов, характеризующих различия в культурной памяти поколений отцов и детей, был произведен эксперимент, в ходе которого были отобраны 10 популярных высказываний из поэзии Б. Окуджавы. Они легли в основу опроса, в котором участвовало около 1 000 человек. Респонденты должны были определить авторство высказываний и продолжить некоторые из них. Результаты и обсуждение. Анализ результатов опроса показал, что даже самые распространенные высказывания из песен Б. Окуджавы в большинстве случаев не соотносятся в сознании респондентов с именем автора. Приписывание авторства самым неожиданным именам свидетельствует о глубоких лакунах в культурной памяти молодых людей, в то же время строки Б. Окуджавы присутствуют в интертекстуальном тезаурусе языковой личности, что во многом связано с взаимодействием вербальной и аудиовизуальной информации. Заключение. Результаты анализа лексикографических источников и корпусные данные свидетельствуют о прецедентности многих поэтических строк Б. Окуджавы, в то же время анализ данных массового опроса отражает существенные изменения в интертекстуальном тезаурусе молодежи. Introduction. The article deals with the issue of the cultural communication between representatives of different generations. The precedent texts associated with the common knowledge of people belonging to a single culture are studied in line with the structure of a linguistic personality. Precedent phenomena of various types are an important part of an intertextual thesaurus. In the process of communication, the cultural allusions of communicants play a great role, as well as the application of their cultural backgrounds that include components of the intertextual thesaurus. Aim and objectives. The purpose of the article is to analyze the area of the Russian linguistic personality thesaurus that contains the catchphrases by Bulat Okudzhava – a prominent 20th century Russian author. Material and methods. Being constantly played out in the 1970–1980s, Bulat Okudzhava’s songs were shaping the cultural values of the generation. Many phrases from the songs got a folklore status, which is witnessed both by the dictionaries and by the Russian National Corpus. In order to study the dynamics characterizing the differences in the cultural memory of generations of fathers and sons an experiment has been carried out based on the 10 popular catchphrases from Okudzhava’s verse. These phrases underlie the survey covering an audience of approximately 1,000 people. Those surveyed had to determine the authorship of the phrases and to continue some of them. Results and discussion. The analysis showed that in most cases there are no links in the mind of respondents between the name of Bulat Okudzhava and even the most widespread phrases from his songs. The authorship was often attributed to fully unexpected names, which shows serious gaps in the cultural memory of the young. However, it was proven that Okudzhava’s catchphrases definitely exist in the intertextual thesaurus of the linguistic personality, which is surely determined by the interaction of verbal and multimedia information. Conclusion. The analysis of the dictionary entries and the corpus data proves the precedent status of many of the Okudzhava’s phrases. Nevertheless, the results of the mass survey reflect a significant change in the intertextual thesaurus of the young.

Personalized Information Retrieval in a Semantic-based Learning Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 270-288 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonella Carbonaro ◽  
Rodolfo Ferrini
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Personalized Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Intelligent Support ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Web

Active learning is the ability of learners to carry out learning activities in such a way that they will be able to effectively and efficiently construct knowledge from information sources. Personalized and customizable access on digital materials collected from the Web according to one’s own personal requirements and interests is an example of active learning. Moreover, it is also necessary to provide techniques to locate suitable materials. In this paper, we introduce a personalized learning environment providing intelligent support to achieve the expectations of active learning. The system exploits collaborative and semantic approaches to extract concepts from documents and maintaining user and resources profiles based on domain ontologies. In such a way, the retrieval phase takes advantage from the common knowledge base used to extract useful knowledge and produces personalized views of the learning system.

Personalized Information Retrieval in a Semantic-Based Learning Environment

2011 ◽  
pp. 370-389
Author(s):  
Antonella Carbonaro ◽  
Rodolfo Ferrini
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Learning Environment ◽  
Information Sources ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Personalized Learning ◽  
Learning System ◽  
Intelligent Support ◽  
Useful Knowledge ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Web

Active learning is the ability of learners to carry out learning activities in such a way that they will be able to effectively and efficiently construct knowledge from information sources. Personalized and customizable access on digital materials collected from the Web according to one’s own personal requirements and interests is an example of active learning. Moreover, it is also necessary to provide techniques to locate suitable materials. In this chapter, we introduce a personalized learning environment providing intelligent support to achieve the expectations of active learning. The system exploits collaborative and semantic approaches to extract concepts from documents, and maintaining user and resources profiles based on domain ontologies. In such a way, the retrieval phase takes advantage of the common knowledge base used to extract useful knowledge and produces personalized views of the learning system.

PIXE ANALYSIS OF THE SERUM OF MICE ACQUIRED RADIORESISTANCE AFTER SMALL DOSE OF X-RAY IRRADIATION

1996 ◽  
Vol 06 (03n04) ◽  
pp. 523-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. YONEZAWA ◽  
Y. MATSUDA ◽  
F. NISHIYAMA
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cell ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Defence Mechanisms ◽  
Pixe Analysis ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Cell Counts ◽  
Blood Cell Counts ◽  
The Common ◽  
Sublethal Irradiation

It is important for maintenance and understanding of health to make inquiries into the biological defence mechanisms. Yonezawa et al. came across an induction of yet unknown defence mechanisms in mice which acquired two types of radioresistance (decrease in bone-marrow death rate after midlethal exposure): one occured 2 weeks after preirradiation with 0.3–0.5 Gy and the other 2 months after 0.05–0.10 Gy of X-rays. To elucidate the acquired radioresistance induced after preirradiation with 0.5 Gy (in a shorter time case). recovery of blood cell counts after sublethal irradiation were measured in mice of ICR strain. Contrary to the common knowledge on radiation protection. recovery of blood cell counts of thrombocytes. leukocytes and erythrocytes after sublethal irradiation were not stimulated by the preirradiation. This study was planned to find some keys to elucidate the mechanism for the acquired radioresistance. Eleven elements. Cl. K. Ca. Cr. Mn. Fe. Ni. Cu. Zn. Se and Br. were analysed clearly in mice sera by PIXE.

The Fatal Paracetamol Dosage — How Low Can You Go?

1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (4) ◽  
pp. 303-310 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Patel
Keyword(s):  
Blood Level ◽  
Reference Data ◽  
Common Knowledge ◽  
Paracetamol Poisoning ◽  
Minimal Dose ◽  
The Common ◽  
Popular Texts ◽  
Proper Interpretation ◽  
Full Consideration ◽  
Daily Total

Popular texts and forensic literature pertaining to paracetamol toxicology advocate an acceptable minimal dose or lower limit of the blood level ‘normally’ associated with a fatal single overdose. A case of fatal, acute paracetamol poisoning from a minimal single dose, within the recommended therapeutic daily total and associated with a zero blood paracetamol level, is reported. It also emphasizes the common knowledge that the toxicological tabulated reference data available on fatal levels of most drugs is merely a guide. The proper interpretation of the analytical results thus requires the full consideration of the circumstances surrounding the death in each case. The clinico-pathophysiology and toxicology of paracetamol poisoning is briefly reviewed in an attempt to establish how low a fatal paracetamol dosage can go. The phenomenon of fatal dose and blood level is in a paracetamol limbo.

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