scholarly journals POWER AND PUNISHMENT IN M. FOUCAULT’S GENEALOGICAL PROJECT

2019 ◽  
pp. 158-168
Author(s):  
Ivan V. Ryazanov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Object Description ◽  
Visual Model ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Analytical Reconstruction

The article proposes analytical reconstruction of the French philosopher and historian M. Foucault’s interpretation strategy related to the genealogical project The History of Punishment. The object of cognition marginalization is content moment of this reconstruction, as contributing to both the transformation of the research subject field and the genealogical identification of the object. There are defined the rules of reconstruction, contributing to the diffusion of the methodological approach to power in the genealogy of M. Foucault. The article substantiates the position that the use of some individual rules of reconstruction cannot lead to methodological unity in the genealogical project due to the marginal-positive identification of the object and the structure of The History of Punishment. Comparison of J. Deleuze’s functional analysis and M. Foucault’s genealogical approach to the problem of power points to the diffusion of the method, which is unable to localize its object in the social space. In many ways, this will be facilitated by the use of the visual model as an epistemological one, which is traditional for Foucault’s research. All the dynamic and structural characteristics that are used in Foucault’s genealogy to analyze the concept of Microphysics of power will be reduced to marginal anthropology. In the genealogical period of the French thinker’s work, marginal anthropology is regarded as a way of constructing genealogical reality. Genealogical description as a method of a marginal object description is viewed as a consequence of methodological diffusion. The phenomenon of disciplinary power is considered as a marginal construction, deriving the concept of normal-abnormal from the totality of disciplinary practices, structuring the European society. M. Foucault’s focus on marginal anthropology will serves as a basis for the transition to The History of Sexuality project.

scholarly journals For Body, Mind and the Nation: An Archaeology of Modern Japanese Psychiatry

2014 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 111-138
Author(s):  
Bernhard Leitner
Keyword(s):  
Mentally Ill ◽  
Mental Hospital ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Social Institution ◽  
Biological Psychiatry ◽  
Disciplinary Power ◽  
Social Reforms ◽  
The Social ◽  
Meiji Era ◽  
History Of

Abstract This paper reassesses the history of psychiatry in Japan through application of the theory of disciplinary power by Michel Foucault. The society of the early Meiji era (1868-1912) is defined as a disciplinary society within the scope of discourses on punishment and general social reforms. By focussing on a close reading of both canonical and marginalised fragments of psychiatric texts, this analysis reveals their constitutive character for the establishment of psychiatric discourses. These texts, rooted in biological psychiatry, are shown to stress the hazard that mental illness presented to the nation. Recourse to juridical problems, which derive from enacting a European model of law, provides an explanation for the necessity of psychiatry as a social institution. The key point is to identify a discursive break between two major legal acts dealing with the confinement of the mentally ill: the Mental Patients Custody Act of 1900 and the Mental Hospital Act of 1919. The first deals mainly with administrative issues, while the latter was formed under the influence of an emerging psychiatric power. The Mental Hospital Act refines the disciplinary network operating in the social space, while blurring the discursive fissure between traditional care and psychiatric techniques.

The Social Space of Terror: Towards a Civil Interpretation of Total War

1987 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-474 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Hewitt
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Weapons Of Mass Destruction ◽  
Main Concern ◽  
Mass Destruction ◽  
Total War ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Modern Warfare ◽  
Urban Places ◽  
Second World

In the paper I seek to interpret modern warfare from the perspective of civil society and its geography. I emphasize the predicament of civilians who are subject to direct and deliberate armed assaults. Particular attention is given to enforced uprooting or removals of population, and to annihilation of urban places with weapons of mass destruction. Two case histories are explored, both taken from the last months of the Second World War. They are, the expulsion of German civilians from Eastern Europe, and the firebombing of Japanese cities, especially Tokyo. Damages and casualties are detailed. However, the main concern is to establish the composition, plight, and responses of civilian populations, and this includes their relation to national war efforts. It is concluded that the vast majority, because of gender, age, health, occupation, and class, were essentially marginal to, and little involved in, the war efforts of their respective states. This contrasts sharply with the assumptions or rhetoric of the theory of ‘total war’, and the practice of targetting civilians and nonmilitary areas. It is suggested that the majority of home populations remain civilians in the fullest sense of the term, even in wartime. From this it follows that assaults upon them by military forces are primarily strategies of terror, and that the ‘social space’ attacked is essentially civilian. Such uprootings and mass destruction of human settlements have, however, become an ever larger part of the war strategies, and the history of warfare, of most powers since 1945.

Revisiting the History of Socio-professional Classification in France

2013 ◽  
Vol 68 (04) ◽  
pp. 697-732
Author(s):  
Thomas Amossé
Keyword(s):  
Social Space ◽  
Labor Law ◽  
Social World ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Categories ◽  
Statistical Tool ◽  
Subsequent Period ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pragmatic Sociology

The result of a process begun in the nineteenth century, the French system of socio-professional classification (code des catégories socio-professionnelles) was drawn up between 1951 and 1954 and has only been slightly modified since. With no strong theoretical framework and conceived according to a realist approach, it gave substance to social classes in the description of postwar society. During a period of “reworking” (1978-1981), it became an exciting topic of sociological exploration, furnishing a representation of Pierre Bourdieu’s two-dimensional social space and serving as a laboratory for the pragmatic sociology of Luc Boltanski and Laurent Thévenot. In a subsequent period of “updating” (1995-2001), administrative caution regarding changes contrasted with the evolution of categories used in labor law and the goal of analytical purity underpinned by econometrics. The history of this classification details the peculiar position of a statistical tool for representing the social world, ostensibly static amidst constant changes to the institution that managed it, the actors who used it, the social categories—everyday or legal—to which it referred, and, finally, the sociological theories that gave it a conceptual grounding.

scholarly journals Geosemiotics←→Social Geography: Preschool Places and School(ed) Spaces

2019 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 52-74
Author(s):  
Colleen E. Whittingham
Keyword(s):  
Early Literacy ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Social Geography ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Social Production ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Literacy Research

The purpose of the present article is to attend to the theoretical and methodological implications of expanding a view of geosemiotic to include a social geography lens. A Geosemiotics←→social geography approach creates possibilities to more fully attend to the dynamic and dialogic relationship of material, spatial, and social resources as mediators of literacy interactions. The article begins with a brief history of geosemiotics, advocating for the integration of social geography when attending to place semiotics specifically. This argument is situated within the existing landscape of spatialized literacy research, and illustrates one methodological approach found to be useful when applying an analysis informed by both theoretical perspectives. An analysis of early literacy interactions of one preschool classroom serves as an example to highlight the utility of this approach when investigating the social production of school[ed] spaces. Implications for literacy theory, methods, and instruction are discussed.

URBAN FOOTBALL PERFORMANCES: PLAYING FOR THE NEIGHBOURHOOD IN SENEGAL, 1950s–2000s

Africa ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-35 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susann Baller
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Urban Youth ◽  
Social Space ◽  
National Football League ◽  
Local Level ◽  
The State ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
The City

ABSTRACTIn Senegal, neighbourhood football teams are more popular than teams in the national football league. The so-called navétanes teams were first created in the 1950s. Since the early 1970s, they have competed in local, regional and national neighbourhood championships. This article considers the history of these clubs and their championships by focusing on the city of Dakar and its fast-growing suburbs, Pikine and Guédiawaye. Research on the navétanes allows an exploration of the social and cultural history of the neighbourhoods from the actor-centred perspective of urban youth. The history of the navétanes reflects the complex interrelations between young people, the city and the state. The performative act of football – on and beyond the pitch, by players, fans and organizers – constitutes the neighbourhood as a social space in a context where the state fails to provide sufficient infrastructure and is often contested. The navétanes clubs and championships demonstrate how young people have experienced and imagined their neighbourhoods in different local-level ways, while at the same time interconnecting them with other social spaces, such as the ‘city’, the ‘nation’ and ‘the world’.

scholarly journals INFORMATION MODEL OF THE ECOTOURISM TERRITORY OF THE CENTRAL PART IN THE EASTERN SAYAN

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 74-86
Author(s):  
D. Astanin
Keyword(s):  
Environmental Education ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Methodological Approach ◽  
Information Modeling ◽  
Main Theme ◽  
Information Flows ◽  
The Social ◽  
Responsible Attitude ◽  
Visitor Center ◽  
Eastern Sayan

In information modeling, it is important to determine the content, direction and form of information flows. Information flows of environmental education are formed in the visitor center, distributed across the territory of ecotourism and are aimed at forming an ecological mentality among various groups of visitors to the territory of ecotourism. The information system of environmental education and enlightenment, which forms a responsible attitude of tourists to their natural environment, is integrated into the tourist framework of the territory. The decomposition of the network of tourist routes in the Central part of Eastern Sayan made it possible to determine the field of influence of information centers and to identify the main characteristics: the general theme of expositions, environmental routes, a set of functions and architectural style. The territory of ecotourism is considered as a social space. The power of influence of information objects depends on their position in the social space, which is determined by the size of their social capital. The methodological approach to modeling the information content of the ecological and educational visit center is the concept of the social field of P. Bourdieu, where the ecological field seeks to maximize its influence. The institution that exerts this influence is the educational system. As a result, the author proposed a conceptual model of the environmental education system, the essence of which is that the content of the main theme of the visit center should correspond to its field of influence.

scholarly journals Historiography within the structure of history of political and legal doctrines: subject field, objectives, tasks, and functions

2020 ◽  
pp. 126-137
Author(s):  
Sergei Vladimirovich Kodan
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Scientific Discipline ◽  
Historical Science ◽  
Subject Field ◽  
Social Sciences And Humanities ◽  
Key Characteristics ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of ◽  
Scientific Context

The scientific context of studying the historiography of the history of political and legal doctrines is associated with its positioning within the structure of the indicated historical legal science, and represents a challenging problematic that orients the researcher towards understanding the processes of development of this science through the prism of historiography as a reflection of its history. This necessitates to determine the subject field, objectives, tasks, and functions of historiography within the structure of the indicated science, which is the key vector of this research. At the same time, the analysis of these questions leans on universal vision of the development of historiography in the social sciences and humanities. The scientific novelty is defined by the fact that the historiographical problematic in the history of political and legal doctrines is studied insufficiently; therefore, this article is the first attempt to position historiography as a scientific discipline of historical legal trend, and present an original perspective on the topic. Emphasis is placed on examination of the key characteristics of historiography as part of history of political and legal doctrines: subject matter, objectives, tasks, and functions. At the same time, the author relies on the historiographical developments in social sciences and humanities, namely in the historical science, based on which presents an original perspective on the role of historiography as a part of history of political and legal doctrines is.

scholarly journals Choosing Death: Working-Class Coming of Age in Contemporary British Cinema

2013 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 746-768 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Dave
Keyword(s):  
Working Class ◽  
Social History ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Coming Of Age ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
British Cinema ◽  
History Of ◽  
Raymond Williams ◽  
The Individual

Starting with Franco Moretti's hypothesis of a relationship between the experience of modernity and the coming of age narrative in the European novel, this article explores representations of the working-class Bildung in contemporary British films that can be seen as responding to social and economic changes generally associated with neoliberalism. Contrasting the emphasis on the individual negotiation of social space in the films of Danny Boyle with work from a range of directors, including Ken Loach, Penny Woolcock, Shane Meadows and Anton Corbijn, along with recent production cycles such as the football film, the article seeks to identify representations of working-class experiences, both limiting and liberating, which mark the inherently problematic attempt to imagine a successful working-class coming of age. In doing so, the article considers the usefulness of Raymond Williams’ class-inflected account of traditions of the social bond, in particular his notion of a ‘common culture’. At the same time, it examines how such representations of working-class life often emphasise the experience of class conflict, distinguished here from class struggle, and how, formally, this emphasis can result in narratives which are marked less by what Moretti describes as the ‘novelistic’, temporising structures of the classical Bildungsroman and more by the sense of crisis and trauma found in the late Bildungsroman and modern tragedy. Ultimately, the article argues for the relevance of the long view of the social history of Britain, as a pioneer culture of capitalism, in understanding these aspects of the representation of class cultures in contemporary British film.

scholarly journals Hallo? Nedslag i telefonens litteraturhistorie

2014 ◽  
Vol 29 (72) ◽  
Author(s):  
Tore Rye Andersen
Keyword(s):  
Literary History ◽  
Social Space ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Narrative Strategies ◽  
American Novels ◽  
Great Gatsby ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Great Gatsby ◽  
History Of ◽  
Crying Of Lot 49

Tore Rye Andersen: “Hello?: Episodes in the Literary History of the Telephone”Through analyses of three American novels – Francis Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby (1925), Thomas Pynchon’s The Crying of Lot 49 (1966) and Jennifer Egan’s A Visit From the Goon Squad (2010) – this article traces the major impact that the invention of the telephone has had on both society and the culture that reflects it. The medium of the telephone has thoroughly restructured the social space that is one of literature’s most important topics, and it has provided authors with new narrative strategies, new metaphors, new topics and new props, some of which are discussed in the article. The three analyses focus on different stages in the technological development of the telephone, and together they demonstrate how changes in the medium of the telephone also result in changed possibilities for literature.

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