Subjectivity Formation of a Technical University Master’s Student: A New Challenge for Engineering Education

An important condition for the digital transformation of education is the subjectivity of students and teachers. The formation of subjectivity as the ability to set one’s own goals and change either oneself or the educational environment to achieve them raises a number of questions: what is meant by the subjectivity of a student and a teacher, what does it mean to be a subject of the educational process, which factors contribute to and which hinder the formation of subjectivity. The authors focus on the conditions that promote and prevent the formation of subjectivity in master’s education of future engineers. Based on a review of foreign and domestic approaches to understanding subjectivity and the conditions for its development, it is concluded that all researchers distinguish similar aspects and manifestations in subjectivity: motivational (intrinsic motivation), emotional-valuable (proactive and responsible attitude to life), regulatory (the ability to set goals and follow them through to the end), cognitive (desire and ability to apply knowledge) and practical (skills, experience of independent activity). It has been established that foreign studies more often consider subjectivity as a resource, which improves the quality of education, while Russian studies consider it as a goal and a result of education. The article describes a taxonomy of subjectivity, which allows to measure it as an educational result. Based on the analysis of necessary and sufficient conditions for subjectivity formation, the hypothesis is made that the sufficient condition for subjectivity formation in mastering the “pedagogics” discipline is stepwise equitable partnership between all subjects of educational process. The condition is specified as a sequence of actions of a teacher and a master’s student in the process of mastering the discipline. The article describes the results of a pedagogical experiment in a group of master’s students of PNRPU Faculty of Civil Engineering, aimed at testing the proposed conditions. The results obtained show that step-bystep organized peer-to-peer interaction enabled most students in the experimental group to achieve the subjectivity level by the end of the discipline, while in the control group most students reached only the objectivity level. The motivational and practical aspects of subjectivity changed most significantly in the experimental group.

ESG factors as tool for forming business reputation

The article focuses on the ESG factors determining the activities of most companies in recent years. The relationship between ESG principles and the business reputation of a modern company has been indicated. Business reputation is found to be formed under the influence of a number of factors, among which a responsible attitude to the environment, social responsibility and the quality of corporate governance have come out in the first place in recent years. The analysis proved that the ESG principles are firmly entrenched abroad, the number of companies with an ESG rating is growing exponentially, and their profitability is increasing. It has been stated that the Russian business has not yet included ESG principles as mandatory parameters of active investment strategies. The emphasis is put on the relationship with stakeholders, since it is the stakeholders who evaluate the company's activities from the standpoint of the degree of satisfaction of their needs. The conducted analysis has proved that an assessment includes not only profit maximization and dividend growth, but also the results of social and environmentally responsible practices of companies. It has been inferred that there is a relationship between the sustainable development of the company, its business reputation, the creation of ethical values and taking into account the interests of stakeholders in the company's strategy. It is emphasized that ESGs become an instrument of active investment strategies and a tool that determines the business reputation of the company. The practice of responsible ESG investment has been illustrated, the role of institutional investors in the dissemination of this practice has been highlighted.

The role of student self-government in the envi-ronment of technical university

Forming the future specialist’ social responsibility during the studies is an urgent problem of higher education, as social responsibility is an important personal characteristic that is directly related to solving professional and life problems. The formation of students’ social responsibility is influenced by many factors, one of which is the activities of student self-government. Goal. The determination of the role of student self-government bodies in the university environment and in the students’ social responsibility formation. Methodology. The use of situations of involving in real professional-labor relations, participation in competitions, exhibitions, solving production tasks, example of life and activity of senior colleagues, collective labor actions and courses and groups is a powerful integrative factor that contributes to the formation of a responsible attitude of future professionals to performing their duties, and as a consequence, increasing the level of social responsibility. The positive consequences of involving students in self-government are manifested in the emotional uplift of students, expanding the range of their interests, positive and active attitude to self-improvement, in the pursuit of ethical behavior, skills of emotional and volitional self-regulation, etc. Results. An effective involvement of student self-government bodies in the management of a higher educational institution in order to increase social responsibility. Originality. It is shown that the bodies of student self-government have wide possibilities of influence on forming students’ social responsibility through providing the purposeful forming of necessary knowledge and skills needed for development of responsibility. Practical value. The importance of student self-government in the formation of students’ social responsibility is confirmed in the protection of educational, scientific, social, creative, national-cultural, spiritual, sports, economic and other interests of students, the formation of skills of future organizers, leaders.

Freedom and Independence During the Pandemic

The scale and the speed of the spread of the new coronavirus strain and economic crises associated with it are becoming the reason to rethink the essential features and ways of interaction between freedom and independence. The aim of the research is to consider new and evaluate the significance of traditional approaches to defining independence and freedom. The authors analyze the mechanisms of the formation and development of biopower, the effectiveness of which is manifested in the possibility of turning people into "obedient bodies" (M. Foucault) and reducing human existence to the state of "bare life" (J. Agamben).The researchers emphasize that the highest form biopower manifestation, arose due to the effective development of medicine, became the possibility of transforming life and death into political concepts that require a "special solution". Therefore, the restrictive measures that arose during the spread of COVID-19 cannot be considered as a manifestation of total forms of addiction are established by biopolitics. The research allows the authors to come to the conclusion that the impossibility of achieving freedom and the loss of independence arise in the process of consistent implementation of the individualistic ideals. The results of the study contain a few contradictions identified by the authors. First of all, the development of biopower points that the concern for people's health enables the State to penetrate and manage all spheres of an individual's existence including issues of life and death. Biopolitics does not contribute to the establishment and development of civil rights, but creates effective means for reducing people to a state of "bare life". In the spread of COVID-19 the contradiction of following the individualistic ideals became obvious. Risks and threats that have a global character are confronted by a person unwilling to take responsibility. The revealed contradictions lead to the conclusion that a condition to maintain independence and achieve freedom in the modern world can be the formation of the new types of solidarities that make it possible to overcome the autonomy of existence and develop a responsible attitude to what is happening in the world.

Social-demination factor and practice youth in Russia and Saratov region

The article on the results of sociological studies conducted in Saratov and Russia reveals the socio-demographic factors of the reproductive attitudes of young people. The analysis of the data revealed that with age the acceptable and appropriate period of birth of the first child increases, the level of childbearing in the reproductive practices of young people increases, and the responsible attitude towards the appearance of children increases. However, the majority of young people (57.3%) do not consider children as a guarantee of personal, family happiness. At the same time, decisions about contraception, pregnancy, child birth and the intervals between births are more often assigned to girls. Official registration of marriage is not a prerequisite for the birth of children, which contributes to an increase in the rate of extramarital fertility. However, the stability of the marital status contributes to the implementation of the traditional motivation for the appearance of children at the mutual desire of the spouses. The more children had parents, the more desirable and expected children in young people, but within the maximum range of 2–3 children. Parents’ large children are not transferred to children in the same amount. Young people transpose them within the framework of mostly childlessness. At the same time, she often counts on the help of the older generation in the care and upbringing of children.

TANGGUNGJAWAB HUKUM USAHA KLINIK KESEHATAN DI KOTA TARAKAN TERHADAP SEGALA RESIKO USAHA

This study investigated the legal liability of health clinics in the city of Tarakan for all business risks in terms of the Health Act, the Consumer Protection Act and the Minister of Health’s Regulation on Clinics. As one of many health facilities in Indonesia, clinic is easily accessible by the community. Clinical patients are not only protected by the Health Act but also by the Consumer Protection Act. Clinics as providers of health services are responsible for the actions of health workers to their patients because of the relationship between patients and clinics, which is that the clinic guarantees that every health worker who does his work in the clinic will do his best to heal patients. By basing that the importance of the Informed Concent in medical action, the rights of patients are more respected and protected. The results of the study suggest that clarity of rules and consistency of policies must be increased because they have a huge impact on public trust in the government so that responses to health services will be well coordinated. Doctors / health workers must be more responsible for medical actions that will / have been carried out in the context of fulfilling health services to patients in order to foster an honest and responsible attitude for all health workers who perform health services in the clinic.

Distance learning situations and the formation of responsible attitudes to health of school children

The status of a person in society is determined not only by the level of income or education, but also by their health. Therefore, the issues of developing a responsible attitude to health as a public domain and familiarizing learners with a healthy lifestyle is now gaining special significance. The aim of the study was to identify the forms and methods of teaching physical education from the perspective of the formation of a responsible attitude of schoolchildren to their health, consolidating the skills of a healthy lifestyle in everyday life. Schoolteachers and students formed the participants for this research. The research conducted a questionnaire survey of 126 secondary school teachers in Shymkent city. An experiment was also conducted, and data was collected using observation. Anthropometric parameters and component analysis were among the data analysis tools. From the results, the main content of physical education in conditions of distance learning should be the formation of a responsible attitude of learners to their health. Keywords: health; physical education; pedagogy; school children; schoolteachers

Healthy lifestyle: students’ position

Analyzes are factors that negatively affect the health (physical, mental, moral, social, etc.) of students. The author conducted a study in the leading universities of the Yaroslavl region. It was found that the majority of students have superficial ideas about a healthy lifestyle, which does not allow them to adhere to its principles. It has been proven that girls pay more attention to their health. Regardless of gender characteristics, distance learning led many students to a violation of the diet, sleep, and a sharp decrease in physical activity. Despite the fact that when polling to identify terminal values (life values), almost all respondents put health first, students are dominated by an irresponsible attitude towards their health. Students from families who belong to high resource groups (parents have a higher education, high position, wealthy, etc.), self-preservation behavior is more developed than students who belong to low resource groups (low level of parental education, lack of regular income etc.). It was found that students from families who belong to low-resource groups are characterized by self-destructive behavior (smoking, drug use, alcohol, etc.) to a greater extent than students from families who belong to high-resource and medium-resource groups. The study showed that the management of universities pays considerable attention to the complex development of the physical and mental qualities of students, taking into account their interests in certain sports and systems of physical training. Measures are proposed to increase the interest of young people in physical improvement, to reveal the value of a responsible attitude to their health.

FEATURES OF ENVIRONMENTAL EDUCATION IN CHEMISTRY CLASSES

The article presents the experience of greening the subject of chemistry and the program of the course of choice for students of an educational institution aimed at developing an ecological culture and a responsible attitude to nature, at developing skills in working with reagents and conducting research.

Prerequisites for the Development of Preventive Measures Against Office Syndrome Among Women of Working Age

The purpose of the article is to study prerequisites for the development of preventive measures against office syndrome among women of working age. Material and methods. The research involved 52 female office employees 21 to 57 years old. Results. The extended clustering of the original data using EM method with the performance of V-fold crosschecking has shown that female office employees are clearly divided into two clusters depending on the manifestation of office syndrome. Despite our assumptions, their division does not depend on age or length of service in the office, but on the manifestation of office syndrome and behavioral characteristics in the work process. Women assigned to different clusters are characterized by statistically significant (p < 0.05) differences between the level of pain in the joints and spine. The research has found that among female office employees with increased musculoskeletal pain, there are statistically significantly (p<0.05) more women with significant overweight and spinal diseases. They are less likely to take active breaks when working at a computer and a larger percentage of them use information technology for entertainment purposes outside the office for 3-4 hours a day. However, a smaller percentage of them work with a PC for more than 7 hours a day. Women with predominant musculoskeletal pain differ in their lifestyle and point to fundamentally different reasons that stop them from taking measures to prevent the risk of occupational diseases. In particular, among female office employees with no office syndrome, a statistically significant (p<0.05) larger share does not need to expand knowledge about the organization of health care in the office and among them the share of those who lead a passive lifestyle predominates. Conclusions. Thus, these women are potentially at risk of developing office syndrome and, with the absence of preventive measures, are expected to move to the cluster of women with signs of office syndrome. The results of the research indicate the need for different approaches to planning health measures in the work environment, depending on the presence of office syndrome and the level of their responsible attitude to health in the work process.