Two-stage hydrochloric leaching of oxidized nickel ore of the Serovsky deposit

2020 ◽  
pp. 16-21
Author(s):  
O. B. Kolmachikhina ◽  
O. Yu. Makovskaya ◽  
V. G. Lobanov ◽  
S. E. Polygalov
Keyword(s):  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Open Pit ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Autoclave Leaching ◽  
Acid Consumption ◽  
Nickel Ores ◽  
Oxidized Nickel Ores ◽  
Hydrometallurgical Method ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Cost

Significant reserves of oxidized nickel ores are concentrated in the Ural region, in the deposits of various sizes that are mined by open-pit method. Ore is rather loose, which makes the cost of production relatively low. At the same time, the technologies employed at Ural nickel plants fail to meet the energy conservation requirements, and they are environmentally unfriendly and unprofitable. The paper proposes a two-stage hydrometallurgical technology for processing oxidized nickel ores from the Serovsky deposit. The composition of investigated ore is, wt.%: 1.01 Ni, 0.031 Co, 15.32 Fetotal, 8.51 Al2O3, 21.76 MgO, 43.97 SiO2. The phase composition of the sample was determined by powder diffraction on the XRD-7000 X-ray diffractometer (Shimadzu, Japan). Serpentine Mg6[Ni, Si4O10](OH)8 and nimite (Ni, Mg, Al)6(Si, Al)4О10(OH)8 were identified as the main nickel-containing minerals. Nickel enters the crystal lattice of silicates and replaces magnesium and iron isomorphically, which significantly complicates the disintegration of such minerals by the hydrometallurgical method. The paper provides the results of laboratory studies into atmospheric ore leaching with hydrochloric acid at the first stage and autoclave leaching of the obtained slurry at the second stage depending on temperature, leaching time and acid consumption. The total (in two stages) extraction into the solution was, wt.%: 82 Ni, 73.6 Co, 22 Fe, 22 Mg, 50.4 Al. Hydrochloric acid is almost completely consumed under these conditions with residual acid concentration of about 3 g/dm3. The autoclave slurry has good filterability. Cake composition after autoclave leaching is as follows, wt.%: 0.35 Ni, 0.01 Co, 12 Fetotal, 10.63 Mg, 1.2 Al, 55 SiO2.

On strategy for the development of multifunctional social infrastructure complexes in the ‘Smart City’ paradigm

2020 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1469-1495
Author(s):  
A.L. Sabinina ◽  
V.V. Sokolovskii ◽  
N.A. Shul'zhenko ◽  
N.A. Sychova
Keyword(s):  
Smart City ◽  
Housing Demand ◽  
Infrastructure Development ◽  
Social Infrastructure ◽  
Strategic Decisions ◽  
Demand And Supply ◽  
Living Space ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Comprehensive Study

Subject. The article describes the findings of the authors of fundamental strategic decisions on the formation of multifunctional urban complexes, using the housing demand and supply criterion. Objectives. We undertake a comprehensive study aimed at perfecting the methodology for evaluating the options for city infrastructure development at two stages, i.e. strategic, when general targets of feasible commissioning are determined, and current, when parameters of demand for facilities are taken into account. Methods. The study employs methods of expert survey, statistical data processing, predictive and investigative analysis. Results. We explored factors of creating amenities and comfort in residential construction areas, developed an algorithm to calculate the volume of new living space commissioning on the basis of evaluating demands in the Smart City paradigm. Conclusions. The study shows the cost increase depending on the built-up area, number of floors, and the balance between the type of capacity and the number of residents in the quarter (linear relationship).

A novel two-stage method of plant seedlings classification based on deep learning

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Tianhong Dai ◽  
Shijie Cong ◽  
Jianping Huang ◽  
Yanwen Zhang ◽  
Xinwang Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Learning Technology ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
Stage Classification ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Plant Seedlings

In agricultural production, weed removal is an important part of crop cultivation, but inevitably, other plants compete with crops for nutrients. Only by identifying and removing weeds can the quality of the harvest be guaranteed. Therefore, the distinction between weeds and crops is particularly important. Recently, deep learning technology has also been applied to the field of botany, and achieved good results. Convolutional neural networks are widely used in deep learning because of their excellent classification effects. The purpose of this article is to find a new method of plant seedling classification. This method includes two stages: image segmentation and image classification. The first stage is to use the improved U-Net to segment the dataset, and the second stage is to use six classification networks to classify the seedlings of the segmented dataset. The dataset used for the experiment contained 12 different types of plants, namely, 3 crops and 9 weeds. The model was evaluated by the multi-class statistical analysis of accuracy, recall, precision, and F1-score. The results show that the two-stage classification method combining the improved U-Net segmentation network and the classification network was more conducive to the classification of plant seedlings, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.7%.

scholarly journals Simple Method of Approximate Calculation of Statically Indeterminate Trusses

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (06) ◽  
pp. 1840026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janusz Rębielak
Keyword(s):  
Approximate Calculation ◽  
Computer Software ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Simple Method ◽  
Two Stages

The paper presents principles of the simple method which makes possible approximate calculations of statically indeterminate truss systems in two stages. The two-stage method applies rules of other methods used for calculations of statically determinate trusses. In each of the two stages, there are considered statically determinate trusses, patterns of which are obtained as results of suitable withdrawing of appropriate members from the pattern of the basic statically indeterminate truss. There are presented results of calculations carried out for two cases of load for selected type of plane truss together with comparison of outcomes obtained by means of using appropriate computer software.

scholarly journals APPLICATION OF LEARNING REINFORCEMENT METHOD IN ROBOTIZED AND AUTOMATED FORESTRY SYSTEMS

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-265
Author(s):  
Andrey Tolstyh ◽  
D Stupnikov ◽  
Sergey Malyukov ◽  
Aleksandr Luk'yanov ◽  
Yuriy Lunev
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Learning Algorithm ◽  
Back Propagation ◽  
Industrial Robots ◽  
Environment Model ◽  
Random Position ◽  
Learning Reinforcement ◽  
The Stability ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Cost

Abstract Currently, most large enterprises are actively using industrial robots and other automated solutions. This allows a significant increase in productivity and quality of work performed. This article gave a brief overview of modern industrial robots, their operating principle, basic components and systems. A reinforcement learning algorithm was developed and tested. The task of constructing a learning algorithm with reinforcement was divided into two stages: modeling the environment and description and optimization of the cost function. Since industrial robotic systems operate in the real world, the environment model should reflect basic physical laws. Therefore, the pyBullet library of the physical environment was chosen as the physical environment for testing. After modeling the manipulator in the selected physical medium, it was given the trivial task of touching a given object with the capture of the manipulator. An artificial neural network was used as an agent interacting with the environment. The inputs were the coordinates of the object and the existing angles of rotation of the articulated joints of the robot. Outputs - angle of rotation of joints at this step. This network was trained using the back propagation method, Adam modification. The system was trained for about 12 hours. Success is achieved in 95% of cases when testing the stability of the system (random position of the cylinder). In future, it is planned to test the obtained models on bench samples

scholarly journals Bad Debt and Cost Efficiency in Vietnamese Commercial Banks

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-140
Author(s):  
Vinh Nguyen Thi Hong
Keyword(s):  
Data Envelopment Analysis ◽  
Cost Efficiency ◽  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Direct Relationship ◽  
Data Envelopment ◽  
Dea Method ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Bad Debt

The paper aims at exploring the relationship between bad debt and cost efficiency in Vietnamese commercial banks in the years 2007 – 2013. The research includes two stages: (i) Measuring the cost efficiency of banks by non-parameter Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) method suggested by Coelli (2005); and (ii) Applying the Tobit model to identify two-way effects of bad debt and bank cost efficiency. The results show that the cost efficiency in Vietnamese commercial banks is 52.6% and there exists a direct relationship between bad debt and cost efficiency.

Use of thermochemistry methods when processing oxidized nickel ores

2021 ◽  
pp. 33-38
Author(s):  
O. B. Kolmachikhina ◽  
V. G. Lobanov ◽  
S. E. Polygalov ◽  
O. Yu. Makovskaya
Keyword(s):  
Nickel Ores ◽  
Oxidized Nickel Ores

Investigation of the Cost of Future Naval Amphibious Capability

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Jones ◽  
Rob Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Task Group ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Two Stages ◽  
Vessel Impact ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The Impact

Through the creation of a large number of concept designs, the cost and vessel impact of deploying and supporting amphibious operations has been investigated. The investigation has looked at capabilities such as the transportation and delivery of vehicles, landing craft, aviation and embarked troops in a number of platform types such as LPDs, LHDs and Ro-Ros. A series of trends describing the costs of the capability have been investigated to estimate the cost of individual capabilities within a design. Over the timeframe of the study, vessel manning is predicted to change and a method of predicting the crew requirement has been developed to investigate the impact of reduced manning on amphibious platform designs. This is the first of two stages of work; in the second stage the requirements for a task group will be investigated to determine the best way to deploy capability at a fleet level.

completed machine would almost certainly be less than half that of a completed machine of the same kind. How s1(3) operates has been the subject of a detailed and critical analysis by Robert Goff J in the case of BP Exploration Co Ltd v Hunt (No 2), the defendant was granted a concession to explore for oil in Libya. He did not have the physical resources to carry out the exploration himself, so he sold a half share in the concession to BP, on condition that they would bear the initial cost of exploration. Accordingly, under this arrangement, BP’s expenses at the outset were likely to be very substantial, but on the assumption that oil was discovered, that expenditure would be recouped as oil continued to come on stream. The nature of the contract was that should oil not be discovered, the risk would be borne by BP, but, on the assumption that oil was discovered, BP’s expenses would be paid for out of the defendant’s receipts. Oil was discovered in 1967, but in 1971, the Libyan Government expropriated BP’s share of the concession and, in 1973, the defendant’s share was also expropriated. Accordingly, BP had received some payment, but this went only so far as to cover two-thirds of their initial expenditure. On the other hand, since the defendant had no expenses, all moneys received by him amounted to profit once the concession had been paid for. Goff J adopted a two stage approach to s1(3), stating that it was necessary first to identify and value what benefit had been conferred on the defendant, since on the wording of s1(3), this set a ceiling on the amount which could be awarded by way of a just sum. Secondly, it was necessary to award a just sum, taking account of the value of the benefit conferred and the cost to the performer of the work he had done prior to the frustrating event. For these purposes, the benefit to the defendant will be assessed by reference to the end product of the service provided by the other party: BP Exploration Co Ltd v Hunt (No 2) [1979] 1 WLR 783, p 799

1995 ◽  
pp. 388-392
Keyword(s):  
Critical Analysis ◽  
The Other ◽  
Two Stage ◽  
Initial Cost ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
Physical Resources ◽  
The Subject ◽  
To Come ◽  
The Cost
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