The effect of time-of-day and circadian phase on breathing and vulnerability to seizure-induced respiratory arrest and death

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benton Scott Purnell
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Circadian Phase

Effect of interleukin-1 beta on EEG power density during sleep depends on circadian phase

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. R830-R837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lancel ◽  
S. Mathias ◽  
J. Faulhaber ◽  
T. Schiffelholz
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Activity Phase ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
A Minor

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is a key mediator of the somnogenic response to immune challenge. In this vehicle-controlled study we evaluated circadian interference with the sleep-promoting effects of IL-1 beta. In two randomized experiments, rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with 5 ng IL-1 beta either at the beginning of the rest phase or at the beginning of the activity phase. Recordings were made during the 24 h preceding the injections (baseline) and during the first 12 postinjection hours. To avoid masking effects of light, the rats were maintained under a skeleton photoperiod during recording. During both the rest and activity phase, IL-1 beta induced fever and initially promoted non-rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). The effect of IL-1 beta on the duration of non-REMS and electroencephalogram (EEG) power densities within non-REMS was related to circadian phase. During the rest phase, IL-1 beta resulted in a minor increase in non-REMS duration but a prominent enhancement in EEG activity in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and most other frequency bands. During the activity phase, IL-1 beta evoked a larger increase in the duration of non-REMS but hardly affected EEG activity within this state. Thus the effects of IL-1 beta on non-REMS are strongly influenced by diurnal phase. The alterations in EEG power density are in contrast to those elicited by sleep deprivation, which are largely independent of time of day. It is concluded that IL-1 beta activates EEG regulatory mechanisms mediated by processes that depend on circadian phase.

scholarly journals 0117 Circadian- and Wake-Dependent Effects on Recall for Face-Name Pairs

SLEEP ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. A46-A46
Author(s):  
R K Yuan ◽  
M Y Münch ◽  
S W Cain ◽  
J M Ronda ◽  
C A Czeisler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Investigation ◽  
Recall Performance ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Science Center ◽  
Learning Session ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Time In Bed ◽  
The Face ◽  
Time Awake

Abstract Introduction The ability to remember the face and name of a person we have recently met is a critical skill often impacted by cognitive impairment and Alzheimer’s disease. We used a forced desynchrony protocol to explore whether recall of recently-learned face-name pairs is affected by time awake and/or circadian phase in healthy adults. Methods 13 healthy, cognitively normal adults (20-70yrs; 7F) participated in a 39-day inpatient protocol with 3 baseline days (10h time-in-bed/24h) and a 3-week forced desynchrony (FD) segment, where they lived on a 28-h day with sleep restriction (6.5h time-in-bed/28h, equivalent to 5.6h/24h). Core body temperature was collected throughout to estimate circadian period and phase. The face-name test was administered every 4h, beginning 3h after wake. Each test included a learning session with 6 novel face-name pairs. Recall was tested 2h later, when each face was presented twice in random order, once with a correct and once with an incorrect name. Participants were asked to respond whether each face-name pair was correct. Data were averaged across 4-h circadian phase or time awake bins and normalized as a percentage of each participant’s baseline performance. Results Face-name recall varied by time awake (p<0.05), with performance deteriorating ~12% over the course of 12h of wakefulness. Face-name recall also varied by circadian phase (p<0.05), with a ~10% difference in recall performance from the peak at circadian phase 240° (corresponding to the early biological evening) to the nadir at circadian phase 60° (corresponding to the early biological morning). Conclusion Both duration of prior wake and biological time of day impact the ability to correctly recall face-name pairs. Under normal entrained conditions, opposing circadian- and wake- dependent effects on memory for face-name associations may interact to produce stable performance across the day. Support Study supported by P01 AG009975 and conducted at Brigham and Women’s Hospital Center for Clinical Investigation, part of Harvard Clinical and Translational Science Center supported by UL1 TR001102. Authors supported by T32HL007901 and F32HL143893 (RKY); fellowships from the Novartis Foundation, the W.&T. La-Roche Foundation, and Jazz Pharmaceuticals (MYM); a fellowship from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (SWC).

Exercise elicits phase shifts and acute alterations of melatonin that vary with circadian phase

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (3) ◽  
pp. R714-R724 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orfeu M. Buxton ◽  
Calvin W. Lee ◽  
Mireille L'Hermite-Balériaux ◽  
Fred W. Turek ◽  
Eve Van Cauter
Keyword(s):  
High Intensity ◽  
Phase Response Curve ◽  
Phase Shifts ◽  
Exercise Group ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Circadian System ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
First Onset ◽  
Nonphotic Entrainment

To examine the immediate phase-shifting effects of high-intensity exercise of a practical duration (1 h) on human circadian phase, five groups of healthy men 20–30 yr of age participated in studies involving no exercise or exposure to morning, afternoon, evening, or nocturnal exercise. Except during scheduled sleep/dark and exercise periods, subjects remained under modified constant routine conditions allowing a sleep period and including constant posture, knowledge of clock time, and exposure to dim light intensities averaging (±SD) 42 ± 19 lx. The nocturnal onset of plasma melatonin secretion was used as a marker of circadian phase. A phase response curve was used to summarize the phase-shifting effects of exercise as a function of the timing of exercise. A significant effect of time of day on circadian phase shifts was observed ( P < 0.004). Over the interval from the melatonin onset before exercise to the first onset after exercise, circadian phase was significantly advanced in the evening exercise group by 30 ± 15 min (SE) compared with the phase delays observed in the no-exercise group (−25 ± 14 min, P < 0.05). Phase shifts in response to evening exercise exposure were attenuated on the second day after exercise exposure and no longer significantly different from phase shifts observed in the absence of exercise. Unanticipated transient elevations of melatonin levels were observed in response to nocturnal exercise and in some evening exercise subjects. Taken together with the results from previous studies in humans and diurnal rodents, the current results suggest that 1) a longer duration of exercise exposure and/or repeated daily exposure to exercise may be necessary for reliable phase-shifting of the human circadian system and that 2) early evening exercise of high intensity may induce phase advances relevant for nonphotic entrainment of the human circadian system.

scholarly journals Caffeine-dependent changes of sleep-wake regulation: evidence for adaptation after repeated intake

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Janine Weibel ◽  
Yu-Shiuan Lin ◽  
Hans-Peter Landolt ◽  
Corrado Garbazza ◽  
Vitaliy Kolodyazhniy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Course ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Caffeine Intake ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Caffeine Withdrawal ◽  
Attentional Lapses

AbstractTo enhance wakefulness, daily consumption of caffeine in the morning and afternoon is highly common. However, it is unknown whether such a regular intake pattern affects timing and quality of wakefulness, as regulated by an interplay of circadian and sleep-homeostatic mechanisms. Thus, we investigated the effects of daily caffeine intake and its withdrawal on circadian rhythms and wake-promotion in 20 male young habitual caffeine consumers. We applied a double-blind, within-subject design with a caffeine (150 mg, 3 x daily), a placebo, and a withdrawal condition each lasting ten days. Starting on day nine of treatment, salivary melatonin and cortisol, evening nap sleep, as well as sleepiness and vigilance performance throughout day and night were quantified during 43 h under controlled laboratory conditions. Neither the time course of melatonin (i.e., onset, amplitude, or area under the curve) nor the time course of cortisol were significantly affected by caffeine intake or its withdrawal. During withdrawal, however, volunteers reported increased sleepiness, showed more attentional lapses, as well as polysomnography-derived markers of elevated sleep propensity in the late evening compared to both, placebo and caffeine conditions. Thus, the typical timing of habitual caffeine intake in humans may not necessarily shift circadian phase nor lead to clear-cut benefits in alertness. The time-of-day independent effects of caffeine withdrawal suggest an adaptation to the substance, presumably in the homeostatic aspect of sleep-wake regulation.

scholarly journals Impact of age, sleep pressure and circadian phase on time-of-day estimates

2009 ◽  
Vol 201 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jakub Späti ◽  
Mirjam Münch ◽  
Katharina Blatter ◽  
Vera Knoblauch ◽  
Luke A. Jones ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Time Of Day ◽  
Circadian Phase

Circadian phase-shifting effects of nocturnal exercise in older compared with young adults

2003 ◽  
Vol 284 (6) ◽  
pp. R1542-R1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin K. Baehr ◽  
Charmane I. Eastman ◽  
William Revelle ◽  
Susan H. Losee Olson ◽  
Lisa F. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Young Adults ◽  
Circadian Rhythms ◽  
Phase Shift ◽  
Sleep Time ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Phase Shifting ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Dim Light ◽  
The Right

Exercise can phase shift the circadian rhythms of young adults if performed at the right time of day. Similar research has not been done in older adults. This study examined the circadian phase-delaying effects of a single 3-h bout of low-intensity nocturnal exercise in older ( n = 8; 55–73 yr old) vs. young ( n = 8; 20–32 yr old) adults. The exercise occurred at the beginning of each subject's habitual sleep time, and subjects sat in a chair in dim light during the corresponding time in the control condition. The dim-light melatonin onset (DLMO) was used as the circadian phase marker. The DLMO phase delayed more after the exercise than after the control condition. On average, the difference in phase shift between the exercise and control conditions was similar for older and young subjects, demonstrating that the phase-shifting effects of exercise on the circadian system are preserved in older adults. Therefore, exercise may potentially be a useful treatment to help adjust circadian rhythms in older and young adults.

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