Effect of interleukin-1 beta on EEG power density during sleep depends on circadian phase

1996 ◽  
Vol 270 (4) ◽  
pp. R830-R837 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lancel ◽  
S. Mathias ◽  
J. Faulhaber ◽  
T. Schiffelholz
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Time Of Day ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Circadian Phase ◽  
Activity Phase ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
A Minor

The cytokine interleukin (IL)-1 is a key mediator of the somnogenic response to immune challenge. In this vehicle-controlled study we evaluated circadian interference with the sleep-promoting effects of IL-1 beta. In two randomized experiments, rats were injected intracerebroventricularly with 5 ng IL-1 beta either at the beginning of the rest phase or at the beginning of the activity phase. Recordings were made during the 24 h preceding the injections (baseline) and during the first 12 postinjection hours. To avoid masking effects of light, the rats were maintained under a skeleton photoperiod during recording. During both the rest and activity phase, IL-1 beta induced fever and initially promoted non-rapid eye movement sleep (REMS). The effect of IL-1 beta on the duration of non-REMS and electroencephalogram (EEG) power densities within non-REMS was related to circadian phase. During the rest phase, IL-1 beta resulted in a minor increase in non-REMS duration but a prominent enhancement in EEG activity in the delta (0.5-4 Hz) and most other frequency bands. During the activity phase, IL-1 beta evoked a larger increase in the duration of non-REMS but hardly affected EEG activity within this state. Thus the effects of IL-1 beta on non-REMS are strongly influenced by diurnal phase. The alterations in EEG power density are in contrast to those elicited by sleep deprivation, which are largely independent of time of day. It is concluded that IL-1 beta activates EEG regulatory mechanisms mediated by processes that depend on circadian phase.

Comparison of moonlighting guanylate cyclases: roles in signal direction?

2014 ◽  
Vol 42 (6) ◽  
pp. 1773-1779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lubna Freihat ◽  
Victor Muleya ◽  
David T. Manallack ◽  
Janet I. Wheeler ◽  
Helen R. Irving
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Kinase Domain ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Natural Ligands ◽  
Signalling Cascades ◽  
A Minor ◽  
Mammalian Protein ◽  
Homology Models

Over 30 receptor-like kinases contain a guanylate cyclase (GC) catalytic centre embedded within the C-terminal region of their kinase domain in the model plant Arabidopsis. A number of the kinase GCs contain both functional kinase and GC activity in vitro and the natural ligands of these receptors stimulate increases in cGMP within isolated protoplasts. The GC activity could be described as a minor or moonlighting activity. We have also identified mammalian proteins that contain the novel GC centre embedded within kinase domains. One example is the interleukin 1 receptor-associated kinase 3 (IRAK3). We compare the GC functionality of the mammalian protein IRAK3 with the cytoplasmic domain of the plant prototype molecule, the phytosulfokine receptor 1 (PSKR1). We have developed homology models of these molecules and have undertaken in vitro experiments to compare their functionality and structural features. Recombinant IRAK3 produces cGMP at levels comparable to those produced by PSKR1, suggesting that IRAK3 contains GC activity. Our findings raise the possibility that kinase-GCs may switch between downstream kinase-mediated or cGMP-mediated signalling cascades to elicit desired outputs to particular stimuli. The challenge now lies in understanding the interaction between the GC and kinase domains and how these molecules utilize their dual functionality within cells.

scholarly journals Infraslow EEG activity modulates cortical excitability in postanoxic encephalopathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 113 (9) ◽  
pp. 3256-3267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michel J. A. M. van Putten ◽  
Marleen C. Tjepkema-Cloostermans ◽  
Jeannette Hofmeijer
Keyword(s):  
Cortical Excitability ◽  
Rhythmic Activity ◽  
Burst Suppression ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Scalp Eeg ◽  
Full Band ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
Low Amplitude ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Postanoxic Encephalopathy

Infraslow activity represents an important component of physiological and pathological brain function. We study infraslow activity (<0.1 Hz) in 41 patients with postanoxic coma after cardiac arrest, including the relationship between infraslow activity and EEG power in the 3–30 Hz range, using continuous full-band scalp EEG. In all patients, infraslow activity (0.015–0.06 Hz) was present, irrespective of neurological outcome or EEG activity in the conventional frequency bands. In two patients, low-amplitude (10–30 μV) infraslow activity was present while the EEG showed no rhythmic activity above 0.5 Hz. In 13/15 patients with a good outcome and 20/26 patients with a poor one, EEG power in the 3–30 Hz frequency range was correlated with the phase of infraslow activity, quantified by the modulation index. In 9/14 patients with burst-suppression with identical bursts, bursts appeared in clusters, phase-locked to the infraslow oscillations. This is substantiated by a simulation of burst-suppression in a minimal computational model. Infraslow activity is preserved in postanoxic encephalopathy and modulates cortical excitability. The strongest modulation is observed in patients with severe postanoxic encephalopathy and burst-suppression with identical bursts.

Lipopolysaccharide increases EEG delta activity within non-REM sleep and disrupts sleep continuity in rats

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (5) ◽  
pp. R1310-R1318 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lancel ◽  
J. Cronlein ◽  
P. Muller-Preuss ◽  
F. Holsboer
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Deprivation ◽  
Rem Sleep ◽  
Brain Temperature ◽  
Power Spectra ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Eeg Power Spectra ◽  
Sleep Maintenance ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Delta Activity ◽  
Eeg Power

Activation of the immune system by microorganisms or specific microbial constituents promotes non-rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep (non-REMS). In this study, we assessed the effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on sleep duration, electroencephalogram (EEG) power spectra, and brain temperature (Tbr) in rats. Twenty-four hour recordings were made before and after intraperitoneal injection of vehicle or 30 or 100 micrograms/kg LPS at lights on. During the first 12 h after administration of both doses of LPS, Tbr was elevated, REMS duration was reduced, and non-REMS duration was unchanged, whereas the non-REMS episodes were shortened. EEG activity within non-REMS from 0.5 to 7 Hz was enhanced during hours 3-12. During the second 12-h period, the number of non-REMS and REMS episodes and the total time in both states were increased. EEG activity within non-REMS was mainly reduced in the entire frequency range (0.5-25.5 Hz). The effects of LPS did not differ between the doses. The effects of LPS on EEG power spectra are similar to those observed after sleep deprivation, i.e., a physiological intensification of non-REMS, indicating that both manipulations may activate common sleep EEG regulatory mechanisms. However, the disruption of non-REMS continuity following LPS administration at light onset contrasts the changes induced by sleep deprivation and may reflect an effect of a systemic inflammatory response on sleep maintenance.

scholarly journals Patients Prescribed Anakinra for Acute Gout Have Baseline Increased Burden of Hyperuricemia, Tophi, and Comorbidities, and Ultimate All-Cause Mortality

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117954411989085 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ena Sharma ◽  
Brian Pedersen ◽  
Robert Terkeltaub
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Interleukin 1 ◽  
East Asian ◽  
Serum Urate ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Acute Gout ◽  
All Cause Mortality ◽  
Asian Descent ◽  
Statin Prescription ◽  
Baseline Factors

Objective: The interleukin-1 (IL-1) receptor antagonist anakinra is an effective, off-label option in acute gout flares, when conventional therapy options are narrowed. We performed a retrospective, randomized, case-controlled study to gain clinical insight on baseline factors for gout patients most likely to receive anakinra, and ultimate mortality of those who received anakinra. Methods: Of 1451 gout patients seen between January 2003 and January 2015 in a Veterans Affairs (VA) rheumatology group practice, under stringent managed care principles, 13 (100% male), who received anakinra at least once for flares, were compared with 1:4 age- and sex-matched gout controls. Each patient’s first rheumatology encounter was studied by factor analysis for variables associated with later anakinra. Results: At baseline, patients that received anakinra had higher urate burden (palpable tophi [10/13] vs controls [16/52], P = .003), serum urate ([10.6 mg/dL] vs controls [7.6 mg/dL], P < .0001), and East Asian descent ([7/13] vs [16/52], P = .041). The anakinra group had higher ultimate all-cause mortality ([6/13] vs controls [7/52], relative risk [RR] = 3.43, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.39-8.48, P = .0076). Factor analysis showed baseline visit palpable tophus and statin use to be most strongly associated with later anakinra use. Increased mortality of anakinra users, as per a factorial analysis, was linked more strongly to comorbidities than to anakinra. Conclusions: At baseline rheumatology gout encounter, higher urate, palpable tophi, statin prescription, and East Asian descent were associated with later anakinra use for flares. Mortality was more closely associated to the presence of comorbidities at baseline rheumatology visit than to anakinra prescription.

scholarly journals Influence of Binasal and Uninasal Inhalations of Essential Oil of Abies koreana Twigs on Electroencephalographic Activity of Human

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Min Seo ◽  
Kandhasamy Sowndhararajan ◽  
Songmun Kim
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Steam Distillation ◽  
Bornyl Acetate ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
Eeg Power Spectrum ◽  
Abies Koreana ◽  
Left And Right ◽  
Eeg Power ◽  
The Right ◽  
Electroencephalographic Activity

Objectives. The present work investigates the effect of essential oil from the twigs of Abies koreana on electroencephalographic (EEG) activity of human brain in order to understand the influence of binasal and uninasal inhalations. Methods. To accomplish this study, the essential oil from the twigs of A. koreana (AEO) was isolated by steam distillation and the EEG readings were recorded using QEEG-8 system from 8 grounding electrodes according to the International 10-20 System. Results. D-Limonene (25.29%), bornyl acetate (19.31%), camphene (12.48%), α-pinene (11.88%), β-pinene (6.45%), and eudesm-7(11)-en-ol (5.38%) were the major components in the essential oil. In the EEG study, the absolute alpha (left frontal and right parietal) and absolute fast alpha (right parietal) values significantly increased during the binasal inhalation of AEO. In the uninasal inhalation, absolute beta and theta values decreased significantly, especially in the right frontal and left and right parietal regions. The results revealed that the AEO produced different EEG power spectrum changes according to the nostril difference. Conclusion. The changes in EEG values due to the inhalation of AEO may contribute to the enhancement of relaxation (binasal inhalation) and alertness/attention (right uninasal inhalation) states of brain which could be used in aromatherapy treatments.

scholarly journals EEG Theta Power Activity Reflects Workload among Army Combat Drivers: An Experimental Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 199 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Diaz-Piedra ◽  
María Victoria Sebastián ◽  
Leandro L. Di Stasi
Keyword(s):  
Power Spectrum ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Subjective Data ◽  
Eeg Activity ◽  
The Road ◽  
Task Load ◽  
Eeg Power Spectrum ◽  
Dynamic Simulator ◽  
Eeg Power

We aimed to evaluate the effects of mental workload variations, as a function of the road environment, on the brain activity of army drivers performing combat and non-combat scenarios in a light multirole vehicle dynamic simulator. Forty-one non-commissioned officers completed three standardized driving exercises with different terrain complexities (low, medium, and high) while we recorded their electroencephalographic (EEG) activity. We focused on variations in the theta EEG power spectrum, a well-known index of mental workload. We also assessed performance and subjective ratings of task load. The theta EEG power spectrum in the frontal, temporal, and occipital areas were higher during the most complex scenarios. Performance (number of engine stops) and subjective data supported these findings. Our findings strengthen previous results found in civilians on the relationship between driver mental workload and the theta EEG power spectrum. This suggests that EEG activity can give relevant insight into mental workload variations in an objective, unbiased fashion, even during real training and/or operations. The continuous monitoring of the warfighter not only allows instantaneous detection of over/underload but also might provide online feedback to the system (either automated equipment or the crew) to take countermeasures and prevent fatal errors.

Effects on sleep stages and EEG power density of different degrees of exercise in fit subjects

1984 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 347-353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lars Torsvall ◽  
Torbjörn Åkerstedt ◽  
Lindbeck Göran
Keyword(s):  
Power Density ◽  
Sleep Stages ◽  
Eeg Power
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