On the identity of two Mexican species of Ageratina (Eupatorieae, Asteraceae): A. grandifolia and A. rivalis

Background: Ageratina, with 167 species, constitutes the most diverse genus of the Mexican Asteraceae and the sixth most diverse of the vascular plants in Mexico. The taxonomy of the genus is complex, due to its number of species and the numerous inadequately delimited taxa or with intricate and confusing nomenclature. In addition, little known species have sometimes remained under the synonymy of another different species, as in the case of A. rivalis, which has been considered as a synonym of A. grandifolia.Question: Is it possible to recognize Ageratina rivalis as a distinct species of A. grandifolia by critically analyzing its circumscription, nomenclature and geographical distribution?Taxon: Ageratina grandifolia and A. rivalis.Study site: Mexico.Method: A thorough review of herbarium specimens, field material, descriptions and geographic distribution of the species was made to contrast them.Results: Several differences exist in the morphology and geographical distribution of Ageratina rivalis and A. grandifolia. Descriptions, pictures, distribution maps, synonymy and a key to distinguish them from similar species are provided. The presence of A. grandifolia in Mexico City is also documented. Lectotypes are designated for Eupatorium conspicuum, E. conspicuum var. pueblense, E. grandifolium, and E. rivale.Conclusions: Morphology and geography support the distinction between A. grandifolia and A. rivalis. However, further research is desirable to corroborate or refute this statement, and especially to clearly circumscribe several similar species that seem to be related. This work contributes to a better understanding of the taxonomy and biogeography of the genus Ageratina in Mexico.

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Is Pteropyrum a pathway to C4 evolution in Polygonaceae? An integrative approach to the taxonomy and anatomy of Pteropyrum (C3), an immediate relative of Calligonum (C4)

Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society ◽

10.1093/botlinnean/boz079 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 192 (2) ◽

pp. 369-400 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Moslem Doostmohammadi ◽

Maryam Malekmohammadi ◽

Morteza Djamali ◽

Hossein Akhani

Keyword(s):

Pollen Morphology ◽

Water Storage ◽

Integrative Approach ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Similar Species ◽

High Plasticity ◽

Storage Tissue ◽

Mesophyll Cells ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Mesophyll Tissue

Abstract Pteropyrum is a small genus of Polygonaceae with four species from the arid regions of Iran and adjacent countries. Pteropyrum spp. are not precisely delimitated and are difficult to identify because of their high plasticity in morphological characters. Pteropyrum (C3) has a close affinity to Calligonum (C4) and is therefore a suitable case for C4 evolutionary studies. We investigated the morphology and micromorphology (including pollen morphology) of Pteropyrum and elucidated the phylogenetic relationships with Atraphaxis and Calligonum using nuclear ITS sequences. Characteristics of the photosynthetic tissues such as volume and number of layers of primary carbon assimilation tissues (PCA) and photosynthetic carbon reduction tissue (PCR) were studied. In addition, the leaf and cotyledon anatomical characters of Pteropyrum (C3), Atraphaxis (C3) and Calligonum (C4), and their δ 13C values were compared to look for evolutionary changes in assimilating organs. The molecular phylogenetic tree identifies two strongly supported clades in Pteropyrum and its close relationship with Calligonum, confirming previous studies. Some morphologically similar species belong to different clades, which is probably due to convergent evolution and homoplasy. Leaf anatomical studies show that Atraphaxis has a multilayered mesophyll tissue, whereas Calligonum has one-layered mesophyll cells. The volume and layer number of mesophyll tissue cells decreases, whereas water storage tissue area significantly increases from Atraphaxis to Pteropyrum and Calligonum. This phenomenon confirms previous studies in other lineages with C4 salsoloid anatomy that have evolved through increasing of water storage tissue and succulence of assimilating organs. In the taxonomic part of the paper, a key to identification of accepted taxa of Pteropyrum, description of species and distribution maps are presented based on numerous herbarium specimens and our own rich collections from the field. Four new species are described based on a combination of morphology of seedlings and mature plants, pollen morphology and molecular data. A subspecific classification is suggested to show morpho-geographical variation of Pteropyrum aucheri s.l.

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On the dumping ground genus Scotaena Klug, 1810 (Hymenoptera: Tiphiidae: Thynninae): Phylogeny, taxonomy and geographic distribution

Zootaxa ◽

10.11646/zootaxa.4399.4.1 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 4399 (4) ◽

pp. 451

Author(s):

FERNANDO HENRIQUE CARNIMEO ◽

FERNANDO BARBOSA NOLL

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Cladistic Analysis ◽

Morphological Characters ◽

Identification Key ◽

New Genera ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Single Tree ◽

Equal Weighting

The Neotropical thynnine genus Scotaena is revised and a cladistic analysis is presented. The analysis, conducted from 75 morphological characters of 31 terminal taxa, returned a single tree under equal weighting. The monophyly of Scotaena was not recovered. Three new genera and five new species are described: Kaysara gen. nov., Pseudoscotaena gen. nov. and Pampathynnus gen. nov., Scotaena reversa sp. nov., Kaysara laterolata sp. nov., Kaysara apiciconcava sp. nov., Kaysara marginoplicata sp. nov. and Kaysara levicrenata sp. nov. Three species are transferred to other genera as follows: Eucyrtothynnus rosenbergi (Turner, 1910) comb. nov., Glottynoides genisei Kimsey, 1991 comb. nov., Ornepetes clypearis Durán-Moya, 1941 comb. nov. Scotaena now comprises four species: S. trifasciata Klug, 1810; S. horni (Turner, 1927); S. vetusta Turner, 1909; and S. reversa. An identification key and geographical distribution maps for the studied species are also provided.

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A Cryptic Invader of the Genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in La Palma and Gran Canaria (Spain, Canary Islands)

Diversity ◽

10.3390/d13110551 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (11) ◽

pp. 551

Author(s):

Filip Verloove ◽

Rainer Otto ◽

Steven Janssens ◽

Sang-Tae Kim

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Its Region ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Distinct Species ◽

New Combination ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Similar Species ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Gran Canaria ◽

La Palma

A cryptic invader of the genus Persicaria has recently increased in the damper, northern parts of La Palma and Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands (Spain) and locally behaves as an invasive species. Examination of historical herbarium specimens showed this species to be present in Gran Canaria since the 1960s and the same probably applies to La Palma. Up to now, this species had been assigned to the Old World weed P. maculosa. However, morphologically, these plants clearly correspond with P. hydropiperoides, a common and widespread weed native to the New World, and indeed morphologically similar to P. maculosa. Diagnostic features for these two species, as well as for another similar species (P. decipiens, originally described from the Canary Islands), are compared, thoroughly discussed, and copiously illustrated. The current distribution, ecology, and naturalization status of P. hydropiperoides in the Canary Islands are also assessed. The variability of P. hydropiperoides is discussed, more precisely the taxonomic position of a southern ‘race’ of it that is sometimes referred to as a distinct species, P. persicarioides, and to which the Canarian plants belong. The taxonomic value of the latter appears to be clear, although at a lower level. A new combination, at varietal rank, is proposed and validated. In addition to our morphology-based study, a molecular phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on the nuclear ITS region and the plastid DNA region trnL-F.

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A Cryptic Invader of the Genus Persicaria (Polygonaceae) in La Palma and Gran Canaria (Spain, Canary Islands)

10.20944/preprints202110.0229.v1 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Filip Verloove ◽

Otto Rainer ◽

Steven Janssens ◽

Sang-Tae Kim

Keyword(s):

Canary Islands ◽

Its Region ◽

Plastid Dna ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Similar Species ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Gran Canaria ◽

La Palma ◽

Molecular Phylogenetic

A cryptic invader of the genus Persicaria is recently increasing in the damper, northern parts of La Palma and Gran Canaria in the Canary Islands (Spain) and locally behaves as an invasive species. Examination of historical herbarium specimens showed this species to be present in Gran Canaria since the 1960’s and the same probably applies to La Palma. Up to now, this species had been assigned to the Old World weed P. maculosa. However, morphologically these plants clearly correspond with P. hydropiperoides, a common and widespread weed native to the New World, and morphologically similar indeed to P. maculosa. Diagnostic features for these two species, as well as for another similar species (P. decipiens, originally described from the Canary Islands), are compared, thoroughly discussed and copiously illustrated. The current distribution, ecology and naturalization status of P. hydropiperoides in the Canary Islands are also assessed. The variability of P. hydropiperoides is discussed, more precisely the taxonomic position of a southern ‘race’ of it that is sometimes referred to as a distinct species, P. persicarioides. In addition to our morphology-based study, a molecular phylogenetic analysis has been conducted on the nuclear ITS region and the plastid DNA region trnL-F.

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Inventario actualizado de las especies mexicanas de la familia Campanulaceae

Botanical Sciences ◽

10.17129/botsci.2085 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 97 (1) ◽

pp. 110

Author(s):

Jerzy Rzedowski

Keyword(s):

Geographical Distribution ◽

Vascular Plants ◽

The State ◽

Taxonomic Resolution ◽

Medium Size ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Additional Information ◽

Ecological Relevance ◽

The Family ◽

The Republic

Background: The Campanulaceae are a medium size family of flowering plants in the Dicotyledons, which is well represented in most of Mexico.Question: ¿How advanced is the knowledge of the diversity, adequate taxonomic resolution and geographical distribution of a group of vascular plants of lesser economic and ecological relevance?Studied taxa: Members of the family Campanulaceae Juss.Studied site: Territory of the Republic of Mexico.Methods: The revision of herbarium specimens with the aid of information found in literature and internet allowed the integration of a catalogue of known members of the family and of their updated names. The obtained list was then subjected to a brief quantitave and phytogeographic analysis.Results: A list of 117 at least tentatively accepted species is provided together with data on known geographical distribution and brief additional information for each one. The state of Oaxaca proved to be the best represented area with 38 species, eight of which, as well as one genus (Wimmeranthus), are endemic to the state territory.Conclusions: The study shows that the inclusive knowledge of the group still requires the discovery and description of a significant number of species, as well as a particular effort to clarify the correct taxonomic situation of several members of the family.

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Taxonomic notes on the genus Neorautanenia (Fabaceae–Phaseoleae)

Bothalia ◽

10.4102/abc.v49i1.2405 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 49 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Siyabonga Tibini ◽

Tlou S. Manyelo ◽

Annah Moteetee

Keyword(s):

Distinct Species ◽

Morphological Features ◽

Morphological Data ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Tropical Africa ◽

Diagnostic Features ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

The Family ◽

Diagnostic Key ◽

Small Genus

Background: Neorautanenia is a small genus in the subtribe Glycininae within the tribe Phaseoleae in the family Fabaceae. It is distributed in southern and Tropical Africa. Historically, the genus is known to consist of three species, namely, N. brachypus, N. ficifolia and N. mitis; morphological data suggest that these should be reduced to two.Objectives: The aim of this article is to formally sink N. brachypus into the synonymy of N. mitis and to provide the correct typification, diagnostic features, diagnostic key, distribution maps, as well as illustrations of the morphological features of the two species.Methods: Observations were made on herbarium specimens housed at PRE. Morphological features were studied and measurements of characters recorded.Results: Neorautanenia mitis is extremely variable morphologically, so that several authors recognised many different variants, some of these as distinct species, including N. brachypus. Examination of numerous specimens, however, indicates that these are merely morphological and/or geographical variants of N. mitis. This observation prompted Verdcourt to place this taxon as a synonym of N. mitis; however, he reversed that decision 30 years later. It has become necessary to revert to the original decision.Conclusions: Neorautanenia brachypus is formally reduced to a synonymy of N. mitis and as a result the genus comprises only two species.

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PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS ANAlYSIS AND CURRENT GEOGRAPHIC DISTRIBUTION OF SOUTH AMERICAN CHARACIDAE (TELEOSTEI: CHARACIFORMES)

Periódico Tchê Química ◽

10.52571/ptq.v8.n16.2011.25_periodico16_pgs_25_31.pdf ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 08 (16) ◽

pp. 25-31

Author(s):

Travis STUFF ◽

Lucas Gonçalves SILVA

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Geographic Distribution ◽

Phylogenetic Relationships ◽

South American ◽

Gene Sequences ◽

Fish Family ◽

Number Of Species ◽

Rag2 Gene ◽

First Time

The fish family Characidae is one of the most diverse in number of species and poorly described from a phylogenetic standpoint. By analyzing RAG2 gene sequences of all representatives genera occurring in South America and query the databases of brazilian ichthyological collections, it was obtained a phylogeny of the genus and the patterns analysis of the geogrphical distribution of species in the major South America basins. The new phylogeny resolves groups which showed some uncertain phylogenetic relationships and, additionally, for the first time an analysis of geographical distribution of South American genera of Characidae is illustrated.

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A synopsis of the scorpion fauna of French Guiana, with description of four new species

ZooKeys ◽

10.3897/zookeys.764.25108 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 764 ◽

pp. 27-90 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Eric Ythier

Keyword(s):

New Species ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

French Guiana ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

Number Of Species

A synopsis is provided for all scorpion species collected in French Guiana, including thorough diagnoses and additional distributional records for each documented species. Four new species are also described in this paper (oneAnanterisfrom northeastern Guiana, twoAuyantepuiafrom central and northeastern Guiana and oneHadrurochactasfrom western Guiana), raising the total number of species described from French Guiana to 30. Most of the species are illustrated, geographical distribution maps are presented, and a key to the species is proposed.

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A revision of Lophopappus (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae)

Phytotaxa ◽

10.11646/phytotaxa.103.1.2 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 103 (1) ◽

pp. 25 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

LILIANA KATINAS ◽

GISELA SANCHO ◽

MAIRA S. VITALI

Keyword(s):

South America ◽

Geographical Distribution ◽

Leaf Anatomy ◽

Distinct Species ◽

Leaf Venation ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

First Time

Lophopappus (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae) comprises five species endemic to South America. The genus is defined by its shrubby habit with unarmed branches, actinodromous or acrodromous leaf venation, solitary or few capitula at the apex of the branches with bilabiate and/or tubular-funnelform corollas, dorsally papillose style branches, and apically plumose pappus bristles. Leaf anatomy, cypsela trichomes, and pappus morphology are examined here for the first time in this genus. Lophopappus cuneatus is corroborated as a distinct species, L. berberidifolius is established as a synonym of L. tarapacanus, and a lectotype is designated for L. foliosus. A comprehensive key to the species and detailed descriptions, geographical distribution, phenology, illustrations and distribution maps are provided for all taxa.

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A Synopsis of Orthotrichum s. lato (Bryophyta, Orthotrichaceae) in China, with Distribution Maps and a Key to Determination

Plants ◽

10.3390/plants10030499 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 499

Author(s):

Vítězslav Plášek ◽

Zuzana Komínková ◽

Ryszard Ochyra ◽

Lucie Fialová ◽

Shuiliang Guo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Single Species ◽

Herbarium Specimens ◽

Distribution Maps ◽

First Time

A total of 46 species and two varieties of the traditionally interpreted genus Orthotrichum are currently known to occur in China. They represent five genera, including Orthotrichum (29 species), Lewinskya (14 species and two varieties), and Nyholmiella and Leratia that are represented by a single species each. The fifth genus Florschuetziella, also consisting of only one species, F. scaberrima, is an entirely neglected representative of the China’s moss flora. A list of all accepted taxa is presented and for each taxon all literature records and herbarium specimens are enumerated for provinces in which they have been recorded, and their distribution is mapped. A key to determination of Chinese orthotrichalean mosses is presented. A chronological list of 63 species and varieties and two designations, O. catagonioides and O. microsporum which have never been validly published, reported from China in the years 1892–2020 is presented. Four species, Orthotrichum brasii, O. hooglandii, O. elegans and O. gymnostomum are excluded from the bryoflora of China and Lewinskya affinis var. bohemica and Orthotrichum schimperi are recorded for the first time from this country. Phytogeography of the Chinese taxa of the orthotrichalean mosses is considered and they are grouped into eight phytogeographical elements and five sub-elements.

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