scholarly journals Spatial and temporal dynamics of two cacti seed banks in a xerophytic shrubland in Mexico City

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Itzel Guzmán-Vázquez ◽  
Silvia Castillo-Argüero ◽  
Alma Orozco-Segovia ◽  
Margarita Collazo-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Mexico City ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Spatial And Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Seed Dynamics ◽  
Secondary Seed Dispersal ◽  
Inputs And Outputs

Background: Soil and aerial seed banks directly affect recruitment in plant populations. Soil banks result as the balance between seed inputs and outputs. Seed bank dynamics vary by species and environmental conditions. Few records on cacti seed banks are available. Questions: What types of seed banks do two cacti genera form in a lava-field reserve? Does seasonality influence the seed bank dynamics? Are inputs and outputs associated to the microenvironment? Studied species: Opuntia tomentosa, O. lassiacantha, Mammillaria haageana subsp. san-angelensis, M. magnimamma. Study site and dates: Xerophytic shrubland in the “Reserva Ecológica del Pedregal de San Ángel” in Mexico City. 2016 to 2018. Methods: We collected soil samples from four microenvironments during the rainy and the dry seasons, searched for seeds and tested their viability. We compared the number of inputs, outputs and viable seed by microenvironment and season. For M. magnimamma, each month we registered fruit maturation and searched for seeds remaining between tubercles. Results: Opuntia seed bank inputs occurred in all microenvironments and in both seasons. Rain favored inputs in hollows by secondary seed dispersal. We registered a large number of outputs caused by germination, granivory and loss of viability. Opuntia seed bank was developed in headland, plain and slope. No Mammillaria seed inputs were found, neither an aerial bank in M. magnimamma. Conclusion: Opuntia seed banks were restricted to microenvironments that provided “safe sites” which stored viable seeds. Mammillaria seed dynamics may hinders recruitment for their populations.

Dynamics in the emergence of dormant and non-dormant herbaceous species from the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry forest

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 256-265 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Djalma de Souza ◽  
Bruno Ayron de Souza Aguiar ◽  
Danielle Melo dos Santos ◽  
Vanessa Kelly Rodrigues de Araujo ◽  
Júlia Arruda Simões ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Dry Forest ◽  
Herbaceous Species ◽  
Physical Dormancy ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Interspecific Differences

Abstract Aims In dry tropical forests, herbaceous species may have dormancy mechanisms and form persistent and transient seed banks in the soil. Evolutionarily acquired, these mechanisms are efficient for the establishment and survival of these herbs, especially in forests with unpredictable climates, such as the Caatinga. Thus, our objective was to verify whether the studied herbaceous species adopt the physical dormancy mechanism and how these natural barriers are overcome, to understand the temporal dynamics existing in the soil seed bank from a Brazilian dry tropical forest. Methods Seeds of five native herbaceous species from the Caatinga forests were selected and submitted to pre-germinative treatments for verifying the presence of physical dormancy. We collected soil samples in the rainy and dry seasons for four consecutive years and monitored the emergence of the selected herbaceous in the greenhouse. We verified the differences in germination and seed bank emergence in the soil by generalized linear models. Important Findings The presence and absence of physical dormancy were observed in seeds from Caatinga herbaceous species. We found intraspecific and interspecific differences in the herbaceous emergence from soil seed banks between years and climatic seasons. In perennial herbs, consecutive lack of emergence between seasons and years was frequent, which suggests a direct relationship with the mechanism of physical dormancy and the environmental conditions necessary to overcome integument barriers. In these species, seed dimorphism and dormancy may confer additional advantages to their survival. Moreover, presenting intermediate levels of physical dormancy in an annual species may be an evolutionary adjustment to rainfall unpredictability. In contrast, we found that the annual herb without dormancy is more sensitive to seasonal and interannual climate changes, as evidenced by the increase and significant reduction of its emergence in the soil seed bank. These differences acquired evolutionarily are advantageous for the establishment of herbaceous populations, mainly in semiarid regions with an unpredictable climate.

Seed dynamics of two fire-dependent Geranium species in the boreal forest of southeastern Sweden

Botany ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (9) ◽  
pp. 794-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lotta Risberg ◽  
Anders Granström
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Fire Suppression ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Severe Drought ◽  
Humus Layer ◽  
Repeated Sampling ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
A Site ◽  
Ballistic Dispersal ◽  
Seed Dynamics

We analyzed critical life-history variables for two rare fire-dependent annual Geranium species in southern Sweden, which are today threatened because of effective fire suppression. At recently burned sites with abundant recruitment, seedlings occurred only where the humus layer had been completely removed by smoldering fire. Emergence depths ranged 1–6 cm in the mineral soil. Soil sampling at four sites revealed that in unburned soil Geranium seeds were located only in the mineral soil. Surprisingly, residual seeds were still present where fire had burned away the humus layer. An experiment showed that both species deposit seeds relatively evenly within a radius of 5–6 m, through ballistic dispersal. Repeated sampling in the field over a 2-year period after seed dispersal at one site indicated a low rate of seed depletion, corroborated by an indoor incubation of seeds. Our results show that successful management of these species depend on deep-burning prescribed fire, which can only result after severe drought. On the other hand, the seed bank is extremely long-lived, as viable seeds were present at a site last burned 200 years ago. This well-protected seed bank will likely buffer against both ill-timed fires and occasional failure in the recruiting seedling populations.

Weed Seed Banks Are More Dynamic in a Sod-Based, Than in a Conventional, Peanut–Cotton Rotation

Weed Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 877-887 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ramon G. Leon ◽  
David L. Wright ◽  
James J. Marois
Keyword(s):  
Crop Rotation ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Community Diversity ◽  
Weed Seed ◽  
Weed Species ◽  
Perennial Crop ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics ◽  
Weed Seeds ◽  
Grass Weed

Crop rotation promotes productivity, nutrient cycling, and effective pest management. However, in row-crop systems, rotation is frequently limited to two crops. Adding a third crop, especially a perennial crop, might increase crop-rotation benefits, but concerns about disruption of agricultural and ecological processes preclude grower adoption of a three-crop rotation. The objective of the present research was to determine whether weed seed banks differ between a sod-based rotation (bahiagrass–bahiagrass–peanut–cotton) and a conventional peanut–cotton rotation (peanut–cotton–cotton) and the importance of crop phase in weed seed-bank dynamics in a long-term experiment initiated in 1999 in Florida. Extractable (ESB) and germinable (GSB) seed banks were evaluated at the end of each crop phase in 2012 and 2013, and total weed seed or seedling number, Shannon-Weiner's diversity (H′), richness, and evenness were determined. ESB increased in H′ (36%), richness (29%), and total number of weed seeds (40%) for sod-based compared with conventional rotation, whereas GSB increased 32% in H′, 27% in richness, and 177% in total number of weed seedlings. Crop phase was a determinant factor in the differences between crop rotations. The first year of bahiagrass (B1) exhibited increases in weed seed and seedling number, H′, and richness and had the highest values observed in the sod-based rotation. These increases were transient, and in the second year of bahiagrass (B2), weed numbers and H′ decreased and reached levels equivalent to those in the conventional peanut–cotton rotation. The B1 phase increased the germinable fraction of the seed bank, compared with the other crop phases, but not the total number of weed seeds as determined by ESB. The increases in H′ and richness in bahiagrass phases were mainly due to grass weed species. However, these grass weed species were not associated with peanut and cotton phases of the sod-based rotation. The results of the present study demonstrated that including bahiagrass as a third crop in a peanut–cotton rotation could increase weed community diversity, mainly by favoring increases in richness and diversity, but the structure and characteristics of the rotation would prevent continuous increases in the weed seed bank that could affect the peanut and cotton phases.

Seed banks

2009 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anwar Maun
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Sand Dunes ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Type I ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Perennial Herbs ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
One Year ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

The soil seed bank refers to a reservoir of viable seeds present on the soil surface or buried in the soil. It has the potential to augment or replace adult plants. Such reservoirs have regular inputs and outputs. Outputs are losses of seeds by germination, predation or other causes, while inputs include dispersal of fresh seeds from local sources and immigration from distant sources (Harper 1977). Since sand dunes are dynamic because of erosion, re-arrangement or burial by wind and wave action, efforts to find seed banks have largely been unsuccessful. Following dispersal, seeds accumulate in depressions, in the lee of plants, on sand surfaces, on the base of lee slopes and on the driftline. These seeds are often buried by varying amounts of sand. Buried seeds may subsequently be re-exposed or possibly lost over time. However, the existence of a seed bank can not be denied. Plant species may maintain a transient or a persistent seed bank depending on the longevity of seeds. In species with transient seed banks, all seeds germinate or are lost to other agencies and none is carried over to more than one year. In contrast, in species with a persistent seed bank at least some seeds live for more than one year. The four types of seed banks described by Thompson and Grime (1979) provide useful categories for discussion of coastal seed bank dynamics of different species. Type I species possess a transient seed bank after the maturation and dispersal of their seeds in spring that remain in the seed bank during summer until they germinate in autumn. Type II species possess a transient seed bank during winter but all seeds germinate and colonize vegetation gaps in early spring. Seeds of both types are often but not always dormant and dormancy is usually broken by high temperatures in type I and low temperature in type II. Type III species are annual and perennial herbs in which a certain proportion of seeds enters the persistent seed bank each year, while the remainder germinate soon after dispersal, and Type IV species are annual and perennial herbs and shrubs in which most seeds enter the persistent seed bank and very few germinate after dispersal.

Seed banking in the columnar cactusStenocereus stellatus: distribution, density and longevity of seeds

2014 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
pp. 315-320 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo Álvarez-Espino ◽  
Héctor Godínez-Álvarez ◽  
Rodolfo De la Torre-Almaráz
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Distribution Density ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Arid Environments ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Stenocereus Stellatus ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Persistent Seed Bank

AbstractThe soil seed bank is the reserve of viable seeds found in the soil. This reserve contributes to plant population persistence in unpredictable environments; thus, determining its presence is basic to understanding recruitment patterns and population dynamics. Studies of soil seed banks in the Cactaceae are scarce, although these plants are ecologically dominant in American arid and semi-arid environments. Most studies have inferred the presence of seed banks by analysing morphological seed traits or germination of seeds stored in the laboratory for different periods of time. Few studies have determined their presence through evaluation of distribution, density and longevity of seeds in the field. To fill this information gap, we determined the existence of, and studied, the soil seed bank ofStenocereus stellatus, a columnar cactus endemic to central Mexico. This study reports the evaluation of these characteristics in the field and discusses whether this species forms a soil seed bank. We found a higher number of seeds under shrubs than in areas lacking vegetation. Recently dispersed seeds did not germinate because they have primary dormancy. This dormancy was broken after 6 months of burial in the soil. Seeds buried for 10 months entered secondary dormancy and they were not viable at 24 months, probably because of pathogen attack. Considering dormancy and seed longevity, we suggest thatS. stellatushas the potential to form a short-term persistent seed bank. However, this should be confirmed by conducting studies on otherS. stellatuspopulations throughout their geographical distribution.

scholarly journals Seed-bank dynamics of native and invasive Impatiens species during a five-year field experiment under various environmental conditions

NeoBiota ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 50 ◽  
pp. 75-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Skálová ◽  
Lenka Moravcová ◽  
Jan Čuda ◽  
Petr Pyšek
Keyword(s):  
Invasive Species ◽  
Field Experiment ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Large Body ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
The Third ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics

Despite recent evidence on the important role of seed banks associated with plant invasions, and a large body of literature on invasive annual Impatiens species, little is known about the seed bank characteristics of Impatiens species. To bridge this gap, we conducted a five-year field experiment where we buried seeds of two invasive species (I. glandulifera and I. parviflora) and one native species (I. noli-tangere) across four localities in the Czech Republic, harbouring all three Impatiens species and differing in the environmental conditions. We found that the three Impatiens species differed in the characteristics of their seed banks. Both invasive species had a high seed germination rate of almost 100% in the first year after seed burial, while <50% of seeds of the native I. noli-tangere germinated during this year. In I. parviflora all seeds germinated in the first year after seed burial and later decomposed, i.e. the species had a transient seed bank. For I. glandulifera, the most invasive species, the survival of seeds differed among localities. At the first and second localities, the seeds decomposed in the first year after seed burial; in the third locality the seeds germinated in the second year; and in the fourth one, the seeds still germinated in the fourth year. The native I. noli-tangere formed a short-term persistent seed bank across all localities. Germinating or dormant seeds were found in the third year after burial in all localities, and in one locality the seeds persisted until the fifth year. The germination and dormancy in I. noli-tangere were constrained by low minimum temperatures during winter. In addition, germination was highest at intermediate soil moisture, and the most dormant seeds were recorded in soils with intermediate nitrogen concentration. The germination of I. glandulifera was slightly limited by low soil nitrogen. However, no such effect was found in I. parviflora. We suggest that in the invasive Impatiens species seed resistance to environmental factors and high germination at least partly explain their wide distribution.

Seed bank persistence and germination of chinee apple (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faiz F. Bebawi ◽  
Shane D. Campbell ◽  
Robert J. Mayer
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Ziziphus Mauritiana ◽  
Burial Depth ◽  
Temperature Regimes ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Below Ground ◽  
Burial Duration ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Tropical Woodlands ◽  
Seed Dynamics

Chinee apple (Ziziphus mauritiana Lam.) is a thorny tree that is invading tropical woodlands of northern Australia. The present study reports three experiments related to the seed dynamics of chinee apple. Experiment 1 and 2 investigated persistence of seed lots under different soil types (clay and river loam), levels of pasture cover (present or absent) and burial depths (0, 2.5, 10 and 20 cm). Experiment 3 determined the germination response of chinee apple seeds to a range of alternating day/night temperatures (11/6°C up to 52/40°C). In the longevity experiments (Expts 1 and 2), burial depth, soil type and burial duration significantly affected viability. Burial depth had the greatest influence, with surface located seeds generally persisting for longer than those buried below ground. Even so, no viable seeds remained after 18 and 24 months in the first and second experiment, respectively. In Expt 3 seeds of chinee apple germinated under a wide range of alternating day/night temperatures ranging from 16/12°C to 47 /36°C. Optimal germination (77%) occurred at 33/27°C and no seeds germinated at either of the lowest (11/6°C) or highest (52/40°C) temperature regimes tested. These findings indicated that chinee apple has the potential to expand its current distribution to cooler areas of Australia. Control practices need to be undertaken for at least two years to exhaust the seed bank.

scholarly journals Soil seed banks

1998 ◽  
Vol 55 (spe) ◽  
pp. 74-78 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.J. Christoffoleti ◽  
R.S.X. Caetano
Keyword(s):  
Seed Bank ◽  
Soil Seed Bank ◽  
Simulation Models ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
Cultural Management ◽  
Soil Seed Banks ◽  
Viable Seeds ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Methodological Aspects ◽  
Vegetative Propagules

The goal of this literature review is to discuss some of the major aspects of the soil seed bank, from its characteristics down to methodological aspects of its determination. Soil seed bank is the reservoir of viable seeds or of vegetative propagules that are present in the soil and that are able to recompose a natural vegetation. In the agroecossystems the soil seed bank is related to weeds, and the knowledge of its size and composition in terms of species can be used in the prediction of future infestations, to built simulation models of population establishment through time and also the definition of soil and cultural management programs, in order to have a rational use of herbicides.

scholarly journals Seed bank dynamics of an invasive alien species, Helianthus annuus L.

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 313-322
Author(s):  
Alejandro Presotto ◽  
Fernando Hernández ◽  
Mauricio Casquero ◽  
Roman Vercellino ◽  
Claudio Pandolfo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Helianthus Annuus ◽  
Seed Bank ◽  
Seedling Emergence ◽  
Seed Banks ◽  
First Year ◽  
Seed Burial ◽  
Wild Sunflower ◽  
Seed Persistence ◽  
Seed Bank Dynamics

Abstract Aims The ability to form persistent seed banks is one of the best predictors of species’ potential to establish in new ranges. Wild sunflower is native to North America where the formation of persistent seed banks is promoted by disturbance and it plays a key role on the establishment and persistence of native populations. However, the role of the seed banks on the establishment and persistence of invasive populations has not been studied. Here, we evaluated the role of seed bank and disturbance on the establishment and fitness, and seed persistence in the soil in several sunflower biotypes collected in ruderal (wild Helianthus annuus) and agrestal (natural crop–wild hybrid) habitats of Argentina as well as volunteer populations (progeny of commercial cultivars). Methods In a seed-bank experiment, we evaluated emergence, survival to reproduction, survival of emerged seedlings, inflorescences per plant and per plot under disturbed and undisturbed conditions over 2 years; in a seed-burial experiment, we evaluated seed persistence in the soil over four springs (6, 18, 30 and 42 months). Important Findings Overall, seedling emergence was early in the growing season (during winter), and it was promoted by disturbance, especially in the first year. Despite this, the number of inflorescences per plot was similar under both conditions, especially in ruderals. In the second year, emergence from the seed bank was much lower, but the survival rate was higher. In the seed-burial experiment, genetic differences were observed but seeds of ruderals and agrestals persisted up to 42 months while seeds of the volunteer did not persist longer than 6 months. The agrestal biotype showed an intermediate behavior between ruderals and volunteers in both experiments. Our findings showed that wild and crop–wild sunflower can form persistent seed banks outside its native range and that disturbance may facilitate its establishment in new areas.

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