scholarly journals Ovule development, megasporogenesis, and megagametogenesis of Fouquieria fasciculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nash (Fouquieriaceae)

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiola Soto-Trejo ◽  
Sergio Zamudio-Ruiz ◽  
Silvia Espinosa-Matías
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Developmental Patterns ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
The Family ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Type Pattern ◽  
Histochemical Tests ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Eleven Species

Background: Fouquieriaceae is a small family that consists of a single genus, Fouquieria, with eleven species occurring mostly in arid and semiarid regions of Mexico and the southwestern United States. The development of the ovule and the female gametophyte has been poorly characterized in species of the family; thus, it is proposed to carry out a detailed study on the development of the ovule, megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis in Fouquieria fasciculata. Questions: How are the developmental patterns of the ovule and the female gametophyte in Fouquieria fasciculata? Study species: Fouquieria fasciculata (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) Nash (Fouquieriaceae). Methods: Embryology, morphology and histochemical tests of floral buds and flowers at pre-anthesis of Fouquieria fasciculata were examined using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results: The ovules of Fouquieria fasciculata are anatropous, bitegmic and tenuinucellate, and the micropyle is formed by the inner integument. The innermost layer cells of the inner integument form an integumentary tapetum or endothelium. The cells of integumentary tapetum are characterized by very conspicuous wall thickenings on the inner tangential side, and are radially elongated surrounding the nucellus. The pattern of development of the female gametophyte is monosporic Polygonum-type, and the formation of a lateral haustorium was observed. Conclusions: This investigation describes in detail the development of the ovule and the female gametophyte ofFouquieria fasciculata. Our results show interesting features, such as the differentiation of an integumentary tapetum, a monosporic Polygonum-type pattern of development and the formation of lateral haustorial arm in the female gametophyte.

A revision of the southern African family Prototheoridae (Lepidoptera: Hepialoidea)

1996 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 393-439 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald Ray Davis
Keyword(s):  
New Species ◽  
South African ◽  
Preliminary Analysis ◽  
Single Row ◽  
Mountain Ranges ◽  
Evergreen Forests ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
Complete Set ◽  
Eleven Species

AbstractThe systematics and external morphology of the southern African family Prototheoridae are reviewed. A single genus, Prototheora, is recognized, with the former genus Metatheora synonymized. Eleven species are recognized, including five new species: angolae, biserrata, drackensbergae, geniculata, and merga. In addition, two possibly new species represented only by female specimens are described but not named. A key to the species of Prototheora is provided, as well as a preliminary analysis of their relationships. The family is considered to be one of the most basal lineages in the Hepialoidea and can be partially destinguished from related families by several plesiomorphic characters including the retention of three segmented maxillary palpi (plesiomorphic within Hepialoidea), simple antenna, generalized leg structure with a complete set of tibial spurs (0-2-4), and a single row of abdominal spines on A3-7 of the pupa. Possible synapomorphies involve the lateral sclerotization of the suspensorium and the extreme development of a conjugal process from sternum IX of the female which may lock into a conjugal pouch usually formed by the male trulleum and juxta. The family occurs predominantly within two highly divergent, South African floristic zones, the Capensis, or Fynbos dominated Cape Flora, and the southern Afromontane zone, characterized by mostly temperate, evergreen forests. Most species occur within the Capensis, and all but three (P. angolae from central Angola and P. drackensbergae and parachlora from Natal) are restricted to Cape Province, mostly in or south of the Cape Folded Belt mountain ranges. Their life history remains unknown.

Zoogeography of the echiuran fauna of the East Pacific Ocean (Phylum: Echiura)

Zootaxa ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 3479 (1) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
RAMLALL BISESWAR
Keyword(s):  
Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North ◽  
East Pacific ◽  
The Family ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
East Pacific Ocean ◽  
The North Pacific ◽  
World Fauna ◽  
Eleven Species

This report provides a checklist of the echiuran fauna of the East Pacific Ocean and analyses their distribution. All thespecies are mapped and keys for their identification are provided. Currently the echiuran fauna of the East Pacificcomprises three families, 9 genera and 17 species. The family Bonelliidae contains two genera and three species, theUrechidae has a single genus with two species, and the Echiuridae contains six genera and 12 species. This investigationshows that the East Pacific has a very low species diversity comprising only about 10% of the world fauna. Of the recordedspecies in the East Pacific, 12 are found in the North Pacific, four are circumtropical and only two species are found in theSouth Pacific. Ochetostoma baronii is the only species considered to be cosmopolitan and eleven species appear to be endemic to the Eastern Pacific.

Gametogenesis and seed development in Hereroa hesperantha (Dtr.) Dtr. et Schwant (Aizoaceae).

1967 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 425 ◽  
Author(s):  
N Prakash
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Mature Seed ◽  
Anther Wall ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Multinucleate Cells ◽  
Cell Functions ◽  
Innermost Layer ◽  
Tapetal Cells ◽  
Sporadic Cases ◽  
Mother Cells

Hereroa hesperantha belongs to the embryologically little known group of mesembryanthemums. The anther wall is four-layered, the innermost layer constituting the secretory tapetum with multinucleate cells. Prominent Ubisch granules dot the inner tangential and radial walls of the tapetal cells. Cytokinesis in the microspore mother cells is simultaneous, and either tetrahedral or decussate tetrads are formed. The mature pollen is three-celled. The ovules are anacampylotropous, bitegminal, crassinucellar, and non-arillate. The need for employing a uniform terminology for ovular curvature in the Aizoaceae is stressed in view of the existing confusion. The ovules are borne on parietal placentae each of which bears an obturator. The archesporium is one- to many-celled, but only one cell functions. Sporadic cases of double megaspore tetrads and two-nucleate dyad cells were observed. The development of the female gametophyte conforms to the Polygonum type. The synergids and antipedal cells are short-lived. The endosperm is of the Nuclear type and produces a weakly haustorial chalazal caecum. Perisperm takes over the function of endosperm in the mature seed. The embryogeny corresponds to the Solanad type. There is a massive suspensor with some multinucleate cells. The mature seed coat resembles closely that of the Cactaceae and comprises the outer layer of the outer and inner layer of the inner integument, both of which become greatly enlarged and tanniniferous. In features like the presence of staminodes and inferior ovary and the absence of aril, Hereroa differs from other Aizoaceae.

Ovule and megagametophyte development in selected species of Apeibeae and Grewieae (Malvaceae–Grewioideae) from South America and its systematic implications

2016 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 369
Author(s):  
Elsa Lattar ◽  
Beatriz Gloria Galati ◽  
María Silvia Ferrucci
Keyword(s):  
Female Gametophyte ◽  
Mixed Type ◽  
Outer Integument ◽  
The Other ◽  
Filiform Apparatus ◽  
Polygonum Type ◽  
Chalazal Megaspore ◽  
The Family ◽  
Female Gametophyte Development ◽  
Antipodal Cells

This is the first embryological report of the Grewioideae subfamily, which is meant to contribute to the characterisation of the genera Corchorus, Luehea and Triumfetta. Ovule and female gametophyte development in C. argutus, L. divaricata and T. semitriloba was analysed. The ovules of all species are anatropous, bitegmic and of crassinucellate mixed type. The micropyle of the studied species is formed by the outer integument (exostome). The ovule of L. divaricata differs from those of the other two species because the chalazal tissue expands forming a cap, which gives rise to a wing in the seed. All species present one hypostase. The megaspore mother cell gives rise to a linear megaspore triad in C. argutus and L. divaricata, whereas in T. semitriloba, triads and diads can be observed in the same ovule. The chalazal megaspore develops a seven-celled and eight-nucleate female gametophyte corresponding to the Polygonum type. The synergids of L. divaricata have hooks and a conspicuous filiform apparatus. The antipodal cells in C. argutus are persistent, whereas in the other species, they are small and ephemeral. The embryological characters are compared with those of other taxa within the family and the megagametophyte formation in these species is discussed.

A REVISED GENERIC SYNOPSIS OF HYACINTHACEAE IN SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA, BASED ON MOLECULAR EVIDENCE, INCLUDING NEW COMBINATIONS AND THE NEW TRIBE PSEUDOPROSPEREAE

2003 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 533-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. MANNING ◽  
P. GOLDBLATT ◽  
M. F. FAY
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
New Combinations ◽  
Generic Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
Molecular Phylogenetic ◽  
Single Genus ◽  
New Tribe ◽  
Sub Saharan

A revised generic synopsis of sub-Saharan Hyacinthaceae is presented, based on a molecular phylogenetic analysis of the family. Generic rank is accorded only to reciprocally monophyletic clades that can be distinguished by recognizable morphological discontinuities, thereby permitting an appropriate generic assignment of species not included in the analysis. Three subfamilies are recognized within the region. Subfamily Ornithogaloideae, characterized by flattened or angular seeds with tightly adhering testa, is considered to include the single genus Ornithogalum, which is expanded to include the genera Albuca, Dipcadi, Galtonia, Neopatersonia and Pseudogaltonia. Recognizing any of these segregates at generic level renders the genus Ornithogalum polyphyletic, while subdivision of Ornithogalum into smaller, morphologically distinguishable segregates in order to preserve the monophyly of each is not possible. Subfamily Urgineoideae, characterized by flattened or winged seeds with brittle, loosely adhering testa, comprises the two mainland African genera Bowiea and Drimia. The latter is well circumscribed by its deciduous, short-lived perianth and includes the previously recognized genera Litanthus, Rhadamanthus, Schizobasis and Tenicroa. The monotypic Madagascan Igidia is provisionally included in the subfamily as a third genus on the basis of its seeds, pending molecular confirmation of its relationships. Subfamily Hyacinthoideae resolves into three clades, distinguished as tribes Hyacintheae (strictly northern hemisphere and not treated further), Massonieae and Pseudoprospereae tribus nov. Full descriptions and a key to their identification are provided for all genera. New combinations reflecting the generic circumscriptions adopted here are made for most African and all Indian and Madagascan species.

scholarly journals A revision of the families Licnodamaeidae and Licnobelbidae (Acari, Oribatei) with a recharacterization of the genera Licnodamaeus and Licnobelba

1986 ◽  
Vol 3 (6) ◽  
pp. 397-403 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adilson D. Paschoal
Keyword(s):  
Incertae Sedis ◽  
The Family ◽  
Single Genus

The families Licnodamaeidae and Licnobelbi ee are recharacterized. Licnodamaeidae includes the sole genus Licnodamaeus Grandjean, with the species: undulatus (Paoli), pulcherrimus (Paoli) and costula Grandjean, all from Europe; the gen b Licnocepheus Woolley is removed from the family Licnodamaeidae. Licnobelbidae includes also one single genus: Licnobelba Grandjean, with the species: alestensis Grandjean, caesarea (Berlese) and montana Mihelcic, all from Europe. Licnodamaeus granulatus Balogh & Csiszár) (Argentina), Licneremaeus latiflabellatus Paoli and Licneremaeus tuberculatus Paoli (both from taly) are considered incertae sedis.

scholarly journals Anchovies in the English Channel

1890 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 328-339 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. T. Cunningham
Keyword(s):  
Early Period ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
English Channel ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distinct Genus ◽  
The World ◽  
Single Genus

The anchovy belongs to the same family of fishes as the herring, pilchard, and sprat, the family Clupeidæ. But whereas the herring, pilchard, and sprat have so many structural features in common that they are placed in a single genus, namely Clupea, the anchovy is in many respects so peculiar that it is placed in the distinct genus Engraulis. There are many species of Engraulis in various parts of the world, but only one on the coasts of Europe, and that one, commonly known as the ancovy, is called by zoologists Engraulis encrasicholus. The origin of these names dates back to a very early period. Both are used by ancient classical Greek authors.

scholarly journals Comparative Study of Antennal Sensilla of Corixidae and Micronectidae (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Nepomorpha: Corixoidea)

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 734
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Nowińska ◽  
Ping-ping Chen ◽  
Jolanta Brożek
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Systematic Position ◽  
Antennal Sensilla ◽  
The Third ◽  
Sensilla Trichodea ◽  
The Family ◽  
Distributional Patterns ◽  
Scanning Electron ◽  
Eleven Species

The goal of this study was to analyze the types and distributional patterns of sensilla in Corixoidea, which is part of the approach to the phylogeny study of Nepomorpha, based on the morphological characters of sensilla. This paper presents the results of the study, with the use of a scanning electron microscope (SEM), on the antennae of species from the families Corixidae and Micronectidae. The antennal sensilla of eleven species from Corixidae and two species from Micronectidae were studied. Five main types of sensilla with several subtypes of sensilla trichodea were found and described. The study has shown that the family Corixidae has a strong uniformity when it comes to antennal sensilla (similar patterns of sensilla trichodea and basiconica), and a similarity to the types and distributions of sensilla in two species of the family Micronectidae. However, significant differences between the families were also discovered (differences in sensilla presence on the first and second antennomeres, lack of sensilla coeloconica on the third antennomere in Micronectidae), which leads to a supportive conclusion of the systematic position of Micronectidae as a family.

scholarly journals PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MEDICINAL PLANT SPECIES, THALICTRUM JAVANICUM BLUME IN THOTTABETTA, NILGIRIS, THE WESTERN GHATS

2015 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 56-62
Author(s):  
Abinaya G ◽  
Paulsamy S
Keyword(s):  
Western Ghats ◽  
Tamil Nadu ◽  
Degree Of Dominance ◽  
The Family ◽  
Qualitative Characters ◽  
The Nilgiris ◽  
The Western Ghats ◽  
Study Species ◽  
Phytosociological Study

Phytosociological study is the most essential in any community to know its structure and organization. The various qualitative characters obtained are used to determine the level of distribution, numerical strength and degree of dominance exhibited by the constituent species in the community. Thalictrum javanicum belongs to the family Ranunculaceae family, it is medium sized erect herb, found in the temperate Himalayas from Kasmir to Sikkim in Khasi hills, and Kodaikanal and Nilgiri hills of Western Ghats in Tamil Nadu, India. At global level, it is generally distributed in the hilly tracts of India, Srilanka, China and Java at the altitude of around 2400 m above msl. The present study was undertaken in Thottabetta , the Nilgiris by sampling using belt transects of 10x1000m size which further divided into 100 segments each which 10x10m size. The total number of species encountered in the study area is 45 which includes 5 grasses and 40 forbs. The quantitative ecological characters of the study species, T. javanicum is a detailed below: frequency 11%, abundance 3.82 individuals/m2, density 0.42 individuals/m2, basal cover 172.20/mm2/ m2, relative frequency 0.55% and relative density 0.08%, relative dominance 0.16%. Based on the ecological attributes it is determined that the species, T. javanicum is less perpetuated in the community studied. Hence, further studies on the determination of propagation strategies for population enhancement and conservationof wilds are suggested.

scholarly journals Pleurocarpous and cladocarpous mosses (Bryophyta) of Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas, with newly recorded species from Maranhão and the northeast region of Brazil

Check List ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1733-1745
Author(s):  
Regigláucia Rodrigues de Oliveira ◽  
Ronison Ferreira de Oliveira ◽  
Hermeson Cassiano de Oliveira ◽  
Denilson Fernandes Peralta ◽  
Gonçalo Mendes da Coceição
Keyword(s):  
Distribution Data ◽  
Northeast Region ◽  
Number Of Species ◽  
The Family ◽  
Pleurocarpous Mosses ◽  
Annotated Checklist ◽  
First Time ◽  
Eleven Species

Located in southwestern Maranhão, the Parque Nacional da Chapada das Mesas (PNCM), with an extent of about 160,046 ha, is completely inserted in the Cerrado phytogeographic domain. The topography is characterized by a plateau formation consisting of steep hills and medium-altitude mountains with flat tops, which give the PNCM its name. We present an annotated checklist of the mosses that occur in the PNCM. Our checklist includes 26 species of pleurocarpous mosses distributed in 10 families and 22 genera and two species of cladocarpous mosses of the family Orthotrichaceae. The most species-rich families of pleurocarpous mosses were Sematophyllaceae (7 spp.), Pylaisiadelphaceae (6 spp.), and Stereophyllaceae (4 spp.). Eleven species are recorded for the first time from Maranhão and three species are recorded for the first time in the northeast region of Brazil. Taxithelium pluripunctatum (Renauld & Cardot) W.R. Buck and Trichosteleum glaziovii (Hampe) W.R. Buck, are recorded for the first time from Maranhão and the Cerrado phytogeographic domain. Our results expand the knowledge of the Brazilian bryoflora and add distribution data for a number of species in Maranhão and the northeast region.

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