scholarly journals Criminological Problems of the Digital World (Digital Criminology)

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 423-430
Author(s):  
Anna Serebrennikova
Keyword(s):  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Mathematical Methods ◽  
Digital World ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Near Future ◽  
Technological Methods ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

The development of information society and the corresponding technologies raises to a new level the tasks of counteracting crimes committed using such technologies, and of minimizing damage from them. The growth in the scale of new types of crime is a cause of worry for the society and the authorities, and especially for criminologists, as the penetration of criminals into the virtual environment and their mastery of new technologies acquire dangerous forms, change criminal motivation and, at the same time, to some extent stimulate the development of information and telecommunication technologies. The growing sophistication of the tasks of preventing and counteracting hi tech crimes makes it necessary to critically assess the current criminological methods and to make an attempt to go beyond the known «common» methods of neo-classical criminology. The development of the digital criminology concept cannot be reduced to an aggregate of pioneer technological methods developed on the basis of mathematical modeling, i.e. computer processing of quantitative and qualitative parameters of crimes, mathematical detection of different dependencies (on time, place and other variables), it could and should be understood in a wider sense: on the one hand, it should influence the new criminological paradigm, and on the other - it should develop within its boundaries. The modern information-analytical sphere in the work of law enforcement bodes includes the use of digital criminological instruments within the programs of crime prevention, mathematical methods of analyzing crimes, profiling, etc. Their aggregate is generally applicable to criminological analysis and prediction, however, it does not have the most cutting edge theoretical basis that corresponds to the tasks of counteracting crimes of the digital world; it is now being formed on the basis of criminological neo-classics, the advances of the social sciences and the humanities, digital criminology. The predictions of new industrial revolutions include a rapid acceleration of the pace of technological development, a systemic transformation of production and management, which will not only stimulate a global rise in the living standards, but will also increase inequality and, consequently, will provide an impetus to crime. These aspects should be taken into consideration when predicting future development of digital criminology, whose theories should be based on the conceptual models of social development of the near future. Social consequences of the predicted new industrial revolutions will inevitably become new common determiners of the crimes of the future, as it always happened in the past.

scholarly journals Is There a Predisposition towards the Use of New Technologies within the Traffic Field of Emerging Countries? The Case of the Dominican Republic

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1208
Author(s):  
Francisco Alonso ◽  
Mireia Faus ◽  
Cristina Esteban ◽  
Sergio A. Useche
Keyword(s):  
Dominican Republic ◽  
Road Safety ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Personal Data ◽  
Emerging Countries ◽  
Level Of Knowledge ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One ◽  
And Control

Technological devices are becoming more and more integrated in the management and control of traffic in big cities. The population perceives the benefits provided by these systems, and, therefore, citizens usually have a favorable opinion of them. However, emerging countries, which have fewer available infrastructures, could present a certain lack of trust. The objective of this work is to detect the level of knowledge and predisposition towards the use of new technologies in the transportation field of the Dominican Republic. For this study, the National Survey on Mobility was administered to a sample of Dominican citizens, proportional to the ONE census and to sex, age and province. The knowledge of ITS topics, as well as the use of mobile applications for mobility, are scarce; however, there was a significant increase that can be observed in only one year. Moreover, technology is, in general, positively assessed for what concerns the improvement of the traffic field, even though there is a lack of predisposition to provide one’s personal data, which is necessary for these devices. The process of technological development in the country must be backed up by laws that protect the citizens’ privacy. Thus, technologies that can improve road safety, mobility and sustainability can be implemented in the country.

Friend or Foe? Regional Newspapers and the Power of Facebook

2015 ◽  
Vol 156 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-28 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristy Hess ◽  
Kathryn Bowd
Keyword(s):  
Digital World ◽  
Comparison Approach ◽  
The Social ◽  
Regional Newspapers ◽  
Case Comparison ◽  
Online Spaces ◽  
Private And Public ◽  
Access Information ◽  
The One ◽  
Digital Landscape

This article examines how some regional newspapers in Australia are engaging with the social media juggernaut Facebook, and looks at the effects of this on their relationships with audiences in a digital world. We highlight how terms such as friend' and ‘community’ mask complex power struggles taking place across these two media platforms. On the one hand, Facebook can facilitate public conversation and widen the options for journalists to access information; on the other, it has become a competitor as news outlets struggle to find a business model for online spaces. We suggest that newspapers and journalists are facing challenges in navigating the complexities of a platform that crosses public/private domains at a time when the nature of ‘private’ and ‘public’ is being contested. The article adopts a ‘pooled case comparison’ approach, drawing on data from two separate Australian studies that examine regional newspapers in a digital landscape. The research draws on interviews with journalists and editors in Australia across three states, and on focus groups and interviews with newspaper readers in Victoria.

Maritime Labour

2000 ◽  
pp. 213-256
Author(s):  
Frank Broeze
Keyword(s):  
Social Impact ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Work Force ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Shipping Industry ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
International Transport ◽  
Transport Workers

This chapter examines the social impact that containerisation - and the drastic topographical and economic changes to the shipping industry - had upon the livliehoods of maritime labourers. It explores the challenges and consequences of new technologies faced by labourers and maritime communities within the shipping industrythe drastic shifts in skillsets necessary for maritime labourers in order to keep up with technological development; and the reduction of labour force within the shipping industry. The chapter is divided into sections as follows: Seafarers; Flags of Convenience; Training; Down-sizing and Multi-skilling; Safety and Accidents at Sea; Port Workers; Decimation of the Work Force; Social Consequences of Containerism; Industrial Conflicts and Port Workers’ Unions; The International Transport Workers’ Federation; and Resugent Militancy and Political Protest. It concludes by suggesting the only way forward is to approach modernisation, globalisation, and privatisation with a humane outlook.

Postcolonial Orientalisms

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ludovic-Mohamed Zahed
Keyword(s):  
Social Consequences ◽  
The Other ◽  
Islamic World ◽  
Other Hand ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
Exclusive Or

This chapter introduces the social consequences of, on the one hand, inclusive interpretations and, on the other hand, exclusive (or, quite simply, homophobic, transphobic, and misogynistic) interpretations of scripture, showing how queer Muslims in France, in Europe, and elsewhere position themselves in relation to the theoretical and theological debates in the Islamic world.

Die bayerische Landtagswahl vom 14. Oktober 2018: Signal für nachhaltigen Wandel auch im Bund?

2019 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 223-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rainer-Olaf Schultze
Keyword(s):  
Party System ◽  
State Legislature ◽  
Green Party ◽  
The Social ◽  
Total Vote ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Democratic Parties ◽  
The One ◽  
The Right ◽  
Near Future

The outcome of the election marks a deep shift not only in Bavarian politics but also corresponds to Germany’s ongoing restructuring of its electorate and the changing configuration of its party system at large: (1) The two catch-all parties suffered dramatic losses of more than ten percentage points; the conservative CSU lost its parliamentary majority in the state legislature, tallying less than 40 percent, the social-democratic SPD even less than ten percent of the total vote . (2) The voting behaviour is characterised by high volatility and processes of polarisation, caused by growing cleavages between town and country, between the generational as well as religious divides and the ongoing occupational differentiation in the electorate . Ideologically, these divides correlate with liberal and cosmopolitan mind-sets and (post-)modern urban lifestyles, the main electoral base of the Green party, on the one hand versus the more conservative and traditional rural electorates on the other . Their influence on the newly formed coalition between the CSU and the “Free Voters” will be more pronounced, while the populist and in part anti-pluralist electorate rallies behind the right-wing AfD . (3) In Baden-Württemberg, Bavaria and Hesse, the Green party has now replaced the SPD as the main electoral contender of the Christian-democratic parties; it remains to be seen whether their electoral fortunes can be extended to the northern and eastern parts of the country in the near future .

scholarly journals Ecological Footprint of The Electrical and Energy Industries as Cultural Challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 207-229
Author(s):  
Elena Hreciuc ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Cultural Dimensions ◽  
The Other ◽  
Toxic Waste ◽  
Continuous Increase ◽  
The One ◽  
Education Science ◽  
Industrial Revolutions

Our life, by its biological nature, is in an indestructible dependence on energy. At the same time, energy is an important criterion on which we report the progress of humanity. Historically, progress divides our world into distinct stages, called Industrial Revolutions. Each stage has encompassed more fuels, new technologies, inventions, humans behavioural changes and much more worrying environmental issues. Energy techniques, new extractions and transportation improved in nineteenth and during twenty-century energy consumption, especially electricity, rise significantly with, on the one hand, a continuous influx of fossil fuels and, on the other hand, continuous increase of the quantities of toxic waste, visible or not, from the other industrial branches and human activities, consequences of the energetical progress. The purpose of this paper is to point out some aspects regarding ecological footprints of electrical industry and energy industries during their development and to establish connections between the distinct role of energy in each period of industrialization and its impact on the environment, education, science, arts and cultural dimensions of life.

scholarly journals Realities

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-84
Author(s):  
Jean-Michel Johnston
Keyword(s):  
Private Sector ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
The State ◽  
The Other ◽  
Social Connections ◽  
Technical Knowledge ◽  
State Institutions ◽  
The Social ◽  
Private Citizens ◽  
The One

This chapter highlights the collaboration between individuals in state institutions and the private sector during the 1840s in Bremen, Bavaria, Prussia, and Austria. Earlier expectations for the potential of telegraphy were confronted with the sobering reality of technological development. On the one hand, the efforts of the state, scientists, and railway companies were supported by the increasingly free circulation of technical knowledge between institutions, experts, and private citizens scattered across the German ‘landscape of innovation’. This circulation is illustrated by an examination of various technical periodicals, while the example of Werner Siemens, a Prussian lieutenant posted in Berlin, is used to illustrate the social connections which also often supported these exchanges of information. On the other hand, the period also witnessed an accentuation of the tensions between and within the private sector and the state, as the latter sought to establish its own interest in obtaining the technology. This combination of necessary collaboration and disagreement caused frustrations which, by 1847, threatened to stall the process of development.

scholarly journals The impact of automation and robotics on motivation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-49
Author(s):  
Péter Krecz ◽  
Andrea Herneczky ◽  
József Csernák ◽  
Aranka Baranyi
Keyword(s):  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Employee Motivation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Long Run ◽  
The Social ◽  
The One ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Industrial Revolutions ◽  
And Robotics ◽  
Effective Contribution

Special attention should be paid to the human factors that influence the competitiveness of companies when analysing the correlations of economic processes. It is no longer controversial today that human capital is an important and crucial factor in a company's performance. The efficient, effective contribution of human resources to an organization's success depends to a large extent on how it can ensure employees' motivation in the long run. Robotics and automation are gaining more and more ground nowadays. In our study we explore how employee motivation is influenced by the rapid and widespread use of robotics. The industrial revolution that is still going on today is bringing enormous changes. The industrial revolutions that happened earlier in history have fundamentally changed the lives of people and have always posed serious challenges to various economic actors. Changes have had a dual impact in the past. On the one hand, industrial production has resulted in a change in the economy and, on the other hand, a huge change in the social structure. In recent years, mechanization has seemed extreme, but this phase must be seen today as a natural part of daily life.

scholarly journals Priority of a Value-oriented Approach in the Development and Implementation of Information Technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 125-133
Author(s):  
Yuliia Trach
Keyword(s):  
Information Technologies ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Technology Development ◽  
Social Values ◽  
Technological Development ◽  
Modern Society ◽  
Technology Application ◽  
A Value ◽  
The Social ◽  
Oriented Approach

The purpose of the article is to reveal the essence of the value-oriented approach and substantiate the necessity of its application during the development and implementation of information technologies. The research methodology is based on the application of a systematic approach as a gen­eral scientific principle of understanding complex organized objects, as well as a dialectical method necessary for the implementation of cultural studies research. The scientific novelty of the research is that the article has further developed approaches to the development of technology on humanistic principles, due to the dehumanization of modern society under the influence of new technologies. Conclusions. The importance of carrying out relevant scientific and technological research, making efforts to raise awareness at the turning points of technology development and initi­ating discussions on the context of their application, including consideration of social values at different stages of technological development. It was revealed that among the priorities of technology application should be: focus on social values, empowerment, promoting the formation of the future by people and for people, etc. This requires responsible management of technologies, control over their use, substantiation of the optimal implementation of values in their development. The social values and needs of mankind should become an indispensable criterion of perception of the newest technologies.

Knowledge, Values, and Technological Decisions: A Decision Theoretic Approach

1994 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald N. Giere
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
World War Ii ◽  
Scientific Knowledge ◽  
New Technologies ◽  
Social Consequences ◽  
Theoretic Approach ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Statistical Knowledge ◽  
Decision Theoretic Approach ◽  
The Social

Before World War II, most decisions involving the introduction of new technologies were made primarily by individuals or corporations, with only minimal interference from government, usually in the form of regulations. Since the war, however, the increased complexity of modern technologies and their impact on society as a whole have tended to force the focus of decision making toward the federal government, although this power is still usually exercised in the form of regulation rather than outright control. Given the huge social consequences of many such decisions, it seems proper that the decision-making process be moved further into the public arena. Yet one may wonder whether the society has the resources and mechanisms for dealing with these issues. Thus, the nature of such controversies, and the possible means for their resolution, has itself become an object of intense interest. One may approach this subject from at least as many directions as there are academic specialties. Many approaches are primarily empirical in that they attempt to determine the social and political mechanisms that are currently operative in the generation and resolution of controversies over new technologies (Nelkin 1979). Such studies usually do not attempt to determine whether the social mechanisms actually operating are effective mechanisms in the sense that they tend to produce decisions that in fact result in the originally desired out comes. The approach of this chapter is much more theoretical. It begins with a standard model of decision making and then analyzes the nature of technological decisions in terms of the postulated model. The advantage of such an approach is that it provides a clear and simple framework for both analyzing a controversy and judging its outcome. The disadvantage is that it tells us little about the actual social and political processes in the decision. Eventually we would like an account that incorporates both theoretical and empirical viewpoints. Regarding the proposed model, there are several ingredients in any decision. This chapter concentrates on one of these ingredients: scientific knowledge, particularly statistical knowledge of the type associated with studies of low-level environmental hazards. There is no presumption, however, that statistical knowledge, or scientific knowledge generally, is the most important ingredient in any decision.

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