scholarly journals MRI to determine the chronological age of Ghanaian footballers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
BD Sarkodie ◽  
EK Ofori ◽  
P Pambo
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Magentic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Category

Background. The chronological age of the ordinary Ghanaian has often been difficult to verify as registration at birth is not compulsory. Consequently, an accurate method of age determination is needed in competitive age-restricted sports.Objective. To evaluate the age of Ghanaian soccer players who are aspiring to play for the national under-17 (U17) team, using the degree of fusion of the distal radius on magentic resonance imaging (MRI) and comparing it with the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) MRI grading.Methods. MRI scans of the left wrists of 86 players aspiring to play for the national U17 football team were recruited for the study during a ‘justify your inclusion tournament’ organised by the Ghana Football Association between June and August 2012. The study was conducted in a diagnostic centre in Accra using a 0.35T MRI scanner. The images were analysed using the previously published FIFA grading system.Results. The mean chronological age of the players was 15.4 years (standard deviation ±0.7; range 12 - 17). The study showed that 43.0% of the MRI images were grade 6 (≥17 years) in relation to the degree of fusion of the distal radius, and 93.0% of the grade 6 players were aged 15 - 16 years chronologically. There was no significant correlation between the chronological age and the degree of fusion (r=0.075; p=0.493).Conclusion. Ghanaian U17 soccer players seem to be more biologically mature than a normative population of the same age category. The lack of correlation between age category and degree of fusion supports the suspicion that most Ghanaian players may not know their true age.

scholarly journals MRI to determine the chronological age of Ghanaian footballers

2013 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 74 ◽  
Author(s):  
BD Sarkodie ◽  
EK Ofori ◽  
P Pambo
Keyword(s):  
Distal Radius ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Accurate Method ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Football Team ◽  
Magentic Resonance Imaging ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Age Category

Background. The chronological age of the ordinary Ghanaian has often been difficult to verify as registration at birth is not compulsory. Consequently, an accurate method of age determination is needed in competitive age-restricted sports.Objective. To evaluate the age of Ghanaian soccer players who are aspiring to play for the national under-17 (U17) team, using the degree of fusion of the distal radius on magentic resonance imaging (MRI) and comparing it with the Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) MRI grading.Methods. MRI scans of the left wrists of 86 players aspiring to play for the national U17 football team were recruited for the study during a ‘justify your inclusion tournament’ organised by the Ghana Football Association between June and August 2012. The study was conducted in a diagnostic centre in Accra using a 0.35T MRI scanner. The images were analysed using the previously published FIFA grading system.Results. The mean chronological age of the players was 15.4 years (standard deviation ±0.7; range 12 - 17). The study showed that 43.0% of the MRI images were grade 6 (≥17 years) in relation to the degree of fusion of the distal radius, and 93.0% of the grade 6 players were aged 15 - 16 years chronologically. There was no significant correlation between the chronological age and the degree of fusion (r=0.075; p=0.493).Conclusion. Ghanaian U17 soccer players seem to be more biologically mature than a normative population of the same age category. The lack of correlation between age category and degree of fusion supports the suspicion that most Ghanaian players may not know their true age.

scholarly journals Injury Risk and Injury Burden Are Related to Age Group and Peak Height Velocity Among Talented Male Youth Soccer Players

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (12) ◽  
pp. 232596711881104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Jan Bult ◽  
Maarten Barendrecht ◽  
Igor Joeri Ramon Tak
Keyword(s):  
Injury Risk ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Peak Height ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Height Velocity ◽  
Incidence Density ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Peak Height Velocity ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Injury Burden

Background: The relationship between injury risk (IR) in age groups and periods around peak height velocity (PHV) remains unclear. PHV is defined as the moment of the largest increase in body height. Purpose: To investigate injury risk and injury burden as functions of growth velocity (periods around PHV) and chronological age groupings (under 12 years [U12] to U19) in talented youth male soccer players. Study Design: Cohort study; Level of evidence, 2. Methods: A total of 170 players from the youth academy of a Dutch soccer club (highest professional league: Eredivisie) were observed for 1 to 3 seasons. Injuries, exposure, PHV age, and chronological age were registered. The injury incidence density (IID) and injury burden per 1000 hours of soccer participation, with 95% CIs, were calculated for 5 PHV periods and 7 age groups. These were compared with the overall cohort results using incidence ratios (IRs) and burden ratios (BRs) with 95% CIs. Results: The mean age at PHV was 14.4 ± 0.65 years (range, 12.8-16.5 years). The mean IID for the total cohort was 8.34 injuries per 1000 hours (95% CI, 7.71-9.02). Compared with the overall mean, a significantly higher IID was found for PHV period 4+5 (IR, 1.31 [95% CI, 1.00-1.71]; P = .049) and for the U15 group (IR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.24-1.79]; P < .001). The overall injury burden was 58.37 injury days per 1000 hours (95% CI, 56.66-60.13). In PHV period 4+5, the injury burden was significantly higher (BR, 1.53 [95% CI, 1.39-1.68]; P < .001) when compared with the overall mean. Also, compared with the overall mean, the injury burden was higher in the U16 (BR, 1.48 [95% CI, 1.39-1.58]; P < .001), U15 (BR, 1.28 [95% CI, 1.19-1.38]; P < .001), and U17 groups (BR, 1.21 [95% CI, 1.13-1.31]; P < .001). Conclusion: Talented young soccer players were more prone to injuries during the 6 months after PHV (31% above overall mean) as well as in the U15 group (49% above overall mean). Based on the higher injury burden in the U16 (48%), U15 (28%), and U17 (21%) groups, we suggest that research on injury risk factors and preventive measures should primarily target these age groups. Additional interventions based on PHV may be of limited value from a screening perspective. Further research is needed on the interaction between age groups and PHV periods.

scholarly journals Bio-Banding in Junior Soccer Players – a Pilot Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Romann ◽  
Dennis Lüdin ◽  
Dennis-Peter Born
Keyword(s):  
High Speed ◽  
Talent Development ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Match Play ◽  
Physical Demand ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Number Of Passes ◽  
Mean Time

Abstract Objective Bio-banding (BB) has been introduced to account for varying maturity and to improve the talent development of junior soccer players. To date, research that investigated the physiological and technical effects of BB is sparse. Therefore, the aim of the study was to compare effects of BB with CA on selected technical and tactical parameters in U13 and U14 soccer players. Results BB significantly increased the number of duels (p =0.024) and set pieces (p =0.025) compared to chronological age. The mean time of ball possession per action was reduced (p =0.021) and the rate of successful passes was lower with BB (p =0.001). Meanwhile, the total number of passes was unaffected (p =0.796), and there was a trend towards a lower difference in ball possession between BB teams (p =0.058). In addition, BB reduced the distances covered while jogging (p= 0.001), running (p= 0.038) and high-speed running (p= 0.035). With BB, an increased number of duels, unsuccessful passes and set pieces resulted in a quicker change of match play situations between teams. While physical demand was reduced, BB seems to result in a more technically and tactically challenging game. Benefits in long-term player development, however, require further investigation.

scholarly journals Age estimation by pulp/tooth area and width ratios in panoramic images of upper and lower canines among the Iranian population

2021 ◽  
Vol 24 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Roghieh Bardal ◽  
Mitra Soltani
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression ◽  
Age Determination ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Iranian Population ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Width Ratio ◽  
Panoramic Radiographs ◽  
Panoramic Images ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Relationship

Objective: One of the techniques of estimating age in forensic medicine, which is associated with the least trauma in both living individuals and corpses, is to use teeth. Accordingly, the present study aims to determine the relationship between chronological age and pulp-to-tooth area ratio and pulp-to-root width ratio in maxillary and mandibular canines on panoramic radiographs among the Iranian population.  Material and Methods: A total of 162 panoramic radiographs were evaluated in the present study. Selected patients were of verified age with the age range of 15-45 years. The pulp-to-tooth area ratio (PTR) and the pulp-to-root width ratio were calculated with AutoCAD 2016 software program in maxillary and mandibular canines at two points of the root. The two points include cemento-enamel Junction (CEJ) and pulp/root width at the quarter of a distance between CEJ and end point of root-canal, which was named WA, WB respectively. The patients’ age was also estimated with the use of linear regression equation. Then each patient’s chronological age and the age estimated using this technique was compared. Results: The relationship between PTR in both canines and WB variable in maxilla with chronological age was inverse and significant (P < 0.05); However, there was no strong correlation coefficient (r Gender had no effect on the results of the study. The mean difference between predicted age and actual age with combined PTR and WB formula was lower than 1 year. When the mean of PTR or WB variables was considered as a predictor, significant results were obtained (P < 0.05), showing a decrease in Standard error of estimation (SEE). The results were not significant when variables of upper PTR and lower PTR and the interaction between them were included in the linear regression model (p > 0.05). Same results were obtained with the variable of WB. Conclusion: Combining the variables of PTR and WB gives better results than using variables alone. Estimation of age with the mean of each variable shows less error than their combination.   Keywords Age determination; Canine; Panoramic radiography.

scholarly journals Morphological and maturational predictors of technical performance in young soccer players

2014 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Oliveira Matta ◽  
António José Barata Figueiredo ◽  
Emerson Silami Garcia ◽  
Francisco Zacaron Werneck ◽  
André Seabra
Keyword(s):  
Soccer Player ◽  
Multiple Linear Regression Model ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Chronological Age ◽  
Years Of Experience ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Technical Performance ◽  
Biological Maturation ◽  
Explained Variance ◽  
Age Category

The purpose of the present study is to describe the association between chronological age, morphology, biological maturation and sport experience in relation to technical performance in young Brazilian soccer players. Technical, maturation and anthropometric variables were assessed in 119 soccer players, 74 and 45 in the under-15 and under-17 categories, respectively. Data were analyzed using a multiple linear regression model. Adiposity was negatively associated with technical performance regardless the age-category. Weight was negatively associated with technical performance in under-15 and positively with the under-17 category, respectively. In under-17 biological maturation was negatively related to the dribbling test and positively associated with the ball control test. Years of experience proved to be positively associated with technique taught to soccer player in the under-17 category. The explained variance was different between categories. The technical performance of Brazilian soccer players aged 14-to-17 seems to be related to biological maturation, adiposity, weight and years of experience.

Surgical treatment of fractures of the distal radius – ORIF vs external fixation with ligamentotaxis

2020 ◽  
Vol 99 (8) ◽  
Keyword(s):  
External Fixation ◽  
Distal Radius ◽  
Locking Plates ◽  
X Rays ◽  
Ao Classification ◽  
Radial Inclination ◽  
First Choice ◽  
Sagittal Tilt ◽  
Radial Length ◽  
The Mean

Introduction: The study compares the results of open reduction using volar locking plates with ligamentotaxis by external fixation in fractures of distal radius type 2R3C according to AO classification. Methods: A retrospective study evaluating the results of osteosynthesis in patients with distal radius fractures type 2R3C according to AO classification, operated until December 2018. The ORIF method with volar locking plates (LCP) was used in 54 patients, and closed reduction with ligamentotaxis using external fixation (EF) was used in 33 patients. The mean age of the patients was 46.7 years in the LCP group and 59.6 years in the EF group. All were evaluated for their X-ray and functional outcomes and according to the Green and O’Brien score at 6 and 12 months after surgery. Results: According to X-rays at 12 months in the LCP group, the mean sagittal tilt was 10.13°, the mean radial inclination was 23.89°, and the mean radial length was 11.84 mm. In the EF group, the mean sagittal tilt was 6.32°, the mean radial inclination was 24.78°, and the mean radial length was 9.89 mm. According to the Green and O’Brien score, we recorded a mean score of 84.44 points in the LCP group at 12 month; we achieved good and excellent results in 83.33% of the patients and no poor result was observed. In the EF group the final mean score was 77.27; good and excellent results were achieved in 45.46% of the patients and a poor result in one patient. Conclusion: Based on the results in our group of patients, the internal type osteosynthesis using LCP implants can be recommended as a first-choice technique in the treatment of 2R3C fractures according to AO classification.

The Effects of Mean of Visit-to-Visit Blood Pressure on Incident Brain Vascular Lesions and Functional-Cognitive Decline

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Bibek Gyanwali ◽  
Celestine Xue Ting Cai ◽  
Christopher Chen ◽  
Henri Vrooman ◽  
Chuen Seng Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cognitive Decline ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Intracranial Stenosis ◽  
Vascular Lesions ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Volume Functional ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean

Background: Cerebrovascular disease (CeVD) is an underlying cause of cognitive impairment and dementia. Hypertension is a known risk factor of CeVD, but the effects of mean of visit-to-visit blood pressure (BP) on incident CeVD and functional-cognitive decline remains unclear. Objective: To determine the association between mean of visit-to-visit BP with the incidence and progression of CeVD [white matter hyperintensities (WMH), infarcts (cortical infarcts and lacunes), cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume] as well as functional-cognitive decline over 2 years of follow-up. Methods: 373 patients from a memory-clinic underwent BP measurements at baseline, year 1, and year 2. The mean of visit-to-visit systolic BP, diastolic BP, pulse pressure, and mean arterial pressure were calculated. Baseline and year 2 MRI scans were graded for WMH, infarcts, CMBs, intracranial stenosis, and hippocampal volume. Functional-cognitive decline was assessed using locally validated protocol. Logistic and linear regression models with odds ratios, mean difference, and 95%confidence interval were constructed to analyze associations of visit-to-visit BP on CeVD incidence and progression as well as functional-cognitive decline. Results: Higher mean of visit-to-visit diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression. Higher tertiles of diastolic BP was associated with WMH progression and incident CMBs. There was no association between mean of visit-to-visit BP measures with incident cerebral infarcts, intracranial stenosis, change in hippocampal volume, and functional-cognitive decline. Conclusion: These findings suggest the possibility of hypertension-related vascular brain damage. Careful monitoring and management of BP in elderly patients is essential to reduce the incidence and progression of CeVD.

Distance of the Posterior Interosseous Nerve From the Bicipital (Radial) Tuberosity at Varying Positions of Forearm Rotation: A Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study With Clinical Implications

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 1152-1159
Author(s):  
Tyler A. Luthringer ◽  
David A. Bloom ◽  
David S. Klein ◽  
Samuel L. Baron ◽  
Erin F. Alaia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Approach ◽  
Single Incision ◽  
Biceps Tendon ◽  
Tendon Repair ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Forearm Rotation ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
Biceps Tendon Repair ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Bicipital Tuberosity

Background: The proximity of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) to the bicipital tuberosity is clinically important in the increasingly popular anterior single-incision technique for distal biceps tendon repair. Maximal forearm supination is recommended during tendon reinsertion from the anterior approach to ensure the maximum protective distance of the PIN from the bicipital tuberosity. Purpose: To compare the location of the PIN on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) relative to bicortical drill pin instrumentation for suspensory button fixation via the anterior single-incision approach in varying positions of forearm rotation. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Axial, non–fat suppressed, T1-weighted MRI scans of the elbow were obtained in positions of maximal supination, neutral, and maximal pronation in 13 skeletally mature individuals. Distances were measured from the PIN to (1) the simulated path of an entering guidewire (GWE-PIN) and (2) the cortical starting point of the guidewire on the bicipital tuberosity (CSP-PIN) achievable from the single-incision approach. To radiographically define the location of the nerve relative to constant landmarks, measurements were also made from the PIN to (3) the prominent-most point on the bicipital tuberosity (BTP-PIN) and (4) a perpendicular plane trajectory from the bicipital tuberosity exiting the opposing radial cortex (PPT-PIN). All measurements were subsequently compared between positions of pronation, neutral, and supination. In supination only, BTP-PIN and PPT-PIN measurements were made and compared at 3 sequential axial levels to evaluate the longitudinal course of the nerve relative to the bicipital tuberosity. Results: Of the 13 study participants, mean age was 38.77 years, and mean body mass index was 25.58. Five participants were female, and 5 left and 8 right elbow MRI scans were reviewed. The GWE-PIN was significantly greater in supination (mean ± SD, 16.01 ± 2.9 mm) compared with pronation (13.66 ± 2.5 mm) ( P < .005). The mean CSP-PIN was significantly greater in supination (16.20 ± 2.8 mm) compared with pronation (14.18 ± 2.4 mm) ( P < .013).The mean PPT-PIN was significantly greater in supination (9.00 ± 3.0 mm) compared with both pronation (1.96 ± 1.2 mm; P < .001) and neutral (4.73 ± 2.6 mm; P < .001). The mean BTP-PIN was 20.54 ± 3.0, 20.81 ± 2.7, and 20.35 ± 2.9 mm in pronation, neutral, and supination, respectively, which did not significantly differ between positions. In supination, the proximal, midportion, and distal measurements of BTP-PIN did not significantly differ. The proximal PPT-PIN distance (9.08 ± 2.9 mm) was significantly greater than midportion PPT-PIN (5.85 ± 2.4 mm; P < .001) and distal BTP-PIN (2.27 ± 1.8 mm; P < .001). Conclusion: This MRI study supports existing evidence that supination protects the PIN from the entering guidewire instrumentation during anterior, single-incision biceps tendon repair using cortical button fixation. The distances between the entering guidewire trajectory and PIN show that guidewire-inflicted injury to the nerve is unlikely during the anterior single-incision approach. Clinical Relevance: When a safe technique is used, PIN injuries during anterior repair are likely the result of aberrant retractor placement, and we recommend against the use of retractors deep to the radial neck. Guidewire placement as close as possible to the anatomic footprint of the biceps tendon is safe from the anterior approach. MRI evaluation confirms that ulnar and proximal guidewire trajectory is the safest technique when using single-incision bicortical suspensory button fixation.

scholarly journals Improved PET/MRI attenuation correction in the pelvic region using a statistical decomposition method on T2-weighted images

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elin Wallstén ◽  
Jan Axelsson ◽  
Joakim Jonsson ◽  
Camilla Thellenberg Karlsson ◽  
Tufve Nyholm ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Attenuation Correction ◽  
Research Study ◽  
Standardized Uptake Value ◽  
Ground Truth ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Mr Images ◽  
Pelvic Region ◽  
Mri Scans ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Prostate Cancer Research

Abstract Background Attenuation correction of PET/MRI is a remaining problem for whole-body PET/MRI. The statistical decomposition algorithm (SDA) is a probabilistic atlas-based method that calculates synthetic CTs from T2-weighted MRI scans. In this study, we evaluated the application of SDA for attenuation correction of PET images in the pelvic region. Materials and method Twelve patients were retrospectively selected from an ongoing prostate cancer research study. The patients had same-day scans of [11C]acetate PET/MRI and CT. The CT images were non-rigidly registered to the PET/MRI geometry, and PET images were reconstructed with attenuation correction employing CT, SDA-generated CT, and the built-in Dixon sequence-based method of the scanner. The PET images reconstructed using CT-based attenuation correction were used as ground truth. Results The mean whole-image PET uptake error was reduced from − 5.4% for Dixon-PET to − 0.9% for SDA-PET. The prostate standardized uptake value (SUV) quantification error was significantly reduced from − 5.6% for Dixon-PET to − 2.3% for SDA-PET. Conclusion Attenuation correction with SDA improves quantification of PET/MR images in the pelvic region compared to the Dixon-based method.

Coronary artery z score values in adolescent elite male soccer players

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Stephan Gerling ◽  
Tobias Pollinger ◽  
Markus Johann Dechant ◽  
Michael Melter ◽  
Werner Krutsch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Coronary Arteries ◽  
High Intensity ◽  
Left Main Coronary Artery ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Left Main ◽  
Luminal Diameter ◽  
The Mean

Abstract Background: With the increased training loads at very early ages in European elite youth soccer, there is an interest to analyse coronary artery remodelling due to high-intensity exercise. Design and methods: Prospective echocardiographic study in 259 adolescent elite male soccer players and 48 matched controls. Results: The mean age was 12.7 ± 0.63 years in soccer players and 12.6 ± 0.7 years in controls (p > 0.05). Soccer players had significant greater indexed left ventricular mass (93 ± 13 g/m2 versus 79 ± 12 g/m2, p = 0.001). Both coronary arteries origin could be identified in every participant. In soccer players, the mean diameter of the left main coronary artery was 3.67 mm (SD ± 0.59) and 2.61 mm (SD ± 0.48) for right main coronary artery. Controls showed smaller mean luminal diameter (left main coronary artery, p = 0.01; right main coronary artery, p = 0.025). In soccer players, a total of 91% (n = 196) and in controls a total of 94% (n = 45) showed left main coronary artery z scores within the normal range: −2.0 to 2.0. In right main coronary artery, a pattern of z score values distribution was comparable (soccer players 94%, n = 202 vs. controls 84%, n = 40). A subgroup of soccer players had supernormal z score values (>2.0 to 2.5) for left main coronary artery (9%, n = 19, p = 0.01) and right main coronary artery (6%, n = 10, p = 0.025), respectively. Conclusion: Elite soccer training in early adolescence may be a stimulus strong enough to develop increased coronary arteries diameters. In soccer players, a coronary artery z score >2.0–2.5 might reflect a physiologic response induced by multiannual high-intensity training.

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