scholarly journals Corrosion map of South Africa’s macro atmosphere

2019 ◽  
Vol 115 (7/8) ◽  
Author(s):  
Darelle T. Janse van Rensburg ◽  
Lesley A. Cornish ◽  
Josias van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
South Africa ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
First Year ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Coastal Environments ◽  
Coastal Regions ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Impact

The first atmospheric corrosion map of South Africa, produced by Callaghan in 1991, has become outdated, because it primarily focuses on the corrosivity of coastal environments, with little differentiation given concerning South Africa’s inland locations. To address this problem, a study was undertaken to develop a new corrosion map of the country, with the emphasis placed on providing greater detail concerning South Africa’s inland regions. Here we present this new corrosion map of South Africa’s macro atmosphere, based on 12-month corrosion rates of mild steel at more than 100 sites throughout the country. Assimilations and statistical analyses of the data (published, unpublished and new) show that the variability in the corrosion rate of mild steel decreases significantly moving inland. Accordingly, the average first-year corrosion rate of mild steel at the inland sites (at all corrosion monitoring spots located more than 30 km away from the ocean) measured 21±12 μm/a [95% CI: 18–23 μm/a]. The minimum inland figure was about 1.3 μm/a (recorded at Droërivier in the Central Karoo) and the maxima were approximately 51 μm/a and 50 μm/a in the industrial hearts of Germiston (Gauteng) and Sasolburg (Free State), respectively. The variability in the corrosion rate of mild steel also decreased by as much as 80% between 150 m and 1000 m from the coastline. Moreover, the impact of changing altitude on the corrosivity of the environment was confirmed, particularly along the coastal regions.

scholarly journals AEROSOL SALINITY AND CORROSION RATE OF CARBON STEEL IN NHA TRANG CITY ATMOSPHERE

2010 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-34
Author(s):  
Thao Van Bui ◽  
De Vo ◽  
Tan Quang Nguyen ◽  
Tan Huu Nguyen ◽  
Tru Nhi Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Wind Speed ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Meteorological Parameters ◽  
First Year ◽  
Exposure Test ◽  
Sea Levels ◽  
Coastal City ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Aerosol salinity and atmospheric corrosion rate of carbon steel were determined at six sites in Nhatrang coastal city. The sites have been selected with different distances from the sea and various heights above sea levels. Results show that the aerosol salinity was strongly influenced by salt collecting positions and by various meteorological parameters, especially by wind speed and directions. Corrosion rates of carbon steel were dependent with the aerosol salinity values at all exposure sites. Besides, atmospheric corrosivities for above mentioned sites of Nhatrang city have been classified according to ISO 9223:1992. Nhatrang atmosphere is considered to be in S1 class by aerosol salinity and C3 class by corrosion rate of carbon steel after first year exposure test.

Measuring Rates and Impact of Corrosion on DOD Equipment

2008 ◽  
Vol 38 ◽  
pp. 163-181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sean Morefield ◽  
Susan Drozdz ◽  
Vincent F. Hock ◽  
William Abbott
Keyword(s):  
Air Force ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Coast Guard ◽  
Weather Data ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Open Structure ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Monitoring Test ◽  
Environmental Severity

A large scale atmospheric corrosion monitoring test was undertaken for the purpose of characterizing environmental severity. This work was conducted at ground based Army, Navy, Coast Guard, and Air Force sites. At present over 73 sites are in operation. This work adds to the existing worldwide databases to include new military and/or related sites not previously monitored. In addition and to the extent that such data are available, relevant weather data was collected from public or military sources in order to test existing corrosion algorithms for each site. Many of the 1 year exposures have been successfully completed. However, all of the exposures currently in progress will not be completed until early 2008. Sample analyses are in progress. New data have been obtained to show the important effects of sheltering on reducing corrosion rates. Data from Daytona Beach and Tyndall AFB show that even a relatively simple open structure/sunshade can reduce corrosion rates by factors of 2 or 3. New data are being reported on corrosion vs. distance from ocean. Data were also collected for the comparison of corrosion severity among commonly used test sites and within selected sites (multiple locations within a base.)

Methodology to Improve Corrosion Rate Estimation Based on Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring Sensors

CORROSION ◽  
10.5006/2234 ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 199-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Norikazu Fuse ◽  
Atsushi Naganuma ◽  
Tetsuo Fukuchi ◽  
Jun-ichi Tani ◽  
Yasuhiko Hori
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Rate Estimation

scholarly journals DETERMINATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION RATE OF METALS IN 12 VIETNAMESE AREAS

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (5B) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Pham Duy Nam
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Steel ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Climatic Factors ◽  
Air Pollutant ◽  
Climatic Data ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Copper Aluminum

The corrosion of materials is a result of complex impact from many climatic factors such as temperature, humidity, air pollutant content in the air, rainfall etc. In addition, the corrosion rate of metals can be measured. Each climatic zone is characterized by its corrosion rate. This article presents the testing results to determine the corrosion rate of carbon steel, copper, aluminum and zinc in 12 districts characterizing different climate zones of Vietnam. Testing, evaluation, and classification of atmospheric corrosion were conducted in accordance with the standard ISO 9223. The results show that for all types of studied metals, their corrosion rates which are determined from climatic data are higher than the corrosion rates in reality, especially for carbon steel and aluminum. This difference is more visible in the rural areas.

scholarly journals Atmospheric Corrosion Monitoring Sensor in Corrosion Rate Prediction of Carbon and Weathering Steels in Thailand

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (12) ◽  
pp. 2348-2356
Author(s):  
Wanida Pongsaksawad ◽  
Namurata S. Palsson ◽  
Piya Khamsuk ◽  
Sikharin Sorachot ◽  
Amnuaysak Chianpairot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Rate Prediction

scholarly journals Research of a corrosion condition of an inventory of oil refineries on the example of complex works on monitoring of corrosion rate of process pipelines

2019 ◽  
Vol 121 ◽  
pp. 01007
Author(s):  
Oleg Kiselev
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Corrosion Condition ◽  
Processing Equipment ◽  
Oil Refineries ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Modern Methods ◽  
Production Activity

In article the modern methods of corrosion monitoring which is one of the main tools for assessment of corrosion rate of processing equipment during its production activity are considered. Results of researches of corrosion processes and the analysis of corrosion rates of processing equipment of oil refineries are given, and the conclusion is also drawn on effectiveness of corrosion monitoring by a gravimetric method for monitoring of process of corrosion of an inventory in the conditions of aggressive environments.

scholarly journals High Temperature Effectiveness of Ginger Extract as Green Inhibitor for Corrosion in Mild Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Fayaz Hussain ◽  
Ali Dad Chandio ◽  
Maryam Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Green Inhibitor ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Corrosion is one of the major problems of mild steels in acidic medium. This can be minimized by the application of corrosion inhibitors, however; the most of inhibitors are toxic in nature. Therefore inhibitors from green sources are highly desirable to maintain the sustainability of the environmental system. Consequently, in this study ginger was selected; its juice extracted mechanically and used as an inhibitor. The different concentrations of ginger extract such as 0.25ml, 0.5ml, 0.75ml and 1ml were mixed in 0.1 M HCl solution to record the effect of inhibitor on corrosion rate at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of 50ᵒC. Electrochemical linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were carried out to determine the corrosion rates at both temperatures with different additions of the inhibitor respectively. The LPR test uses three electrodes, first electrode of AISI 1019 (mild steel), second electrode is standard electrode of saturated calomel while the third electrode consists of graphite, which is called counter electrode, to measure potential difference. The whole assembly was dipped in the solution having varying concentration of inhibitors. The corrosion rate was found to be higher in the absence of ginger- extract. Conversely, the corrosion rate was dramatically reduced more prominently at 50oC but was less effective at Troom; with the trace-additions of ginger-inhibitor. So this research would be the good contribution to overcome the deterioration of mild steel and increase its life at ambient temperatures, by using economically available environmentally-friendly organic compound specially the use of locally available raw material should be focused.

Possible Missing Link in CO2 Corrosion Prediction

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yves Gunaltun
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Field Experience ◽  
Prediction Models ◽  
Co2 Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
General Corrosion ◽  
Flat Bottom ◽  
Research Results ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
The Impact

Abstract CO2 corrosion prediction models predict a general corrosion rate, but field failures are due to localised CO2 corrosion. That is why predicted corrosion rates are correlated to a corrosivity level. These models generally consider that the corrosion rate remains, after the initiation period, unchanged as long as operating and/or production parameters remain unchanged. However, 25 years of field experience and also some recent research results confirmed that after an initial phase of high corrosion rates, the CO2 corrosion rates may significantly decrease with time forming flat-bottom large corrosion features (mesa corrosion) and stabilise. Depending on the corrosivity level the time needed for the stabilisation would be up to about 12 months. To be noted that the stabilization has been known since 2003-2004. It was first used in 2005 for the development of two gas fields with success. In 2008, it was used for the prediction of the remaining life of gas pipelines transporting very corrosive wet gas. The use of costly CRA / cladded pipes was avoided. Gunaltun Y. and call. made the first publication about the importance of the stabilization on the remaining pipeline service life in 2009. Then, possible mechanisms of stabilization were published by Gunaltun Y. in 2012 and Gunaltun Y. and call. 2013. In the present paper the field experience, the research results and the mechanisms leading to stabilisation are discussed in detail and summarised. The main driving force is the galvanic action between anodic and cathodic zones. The clustering of corrosion features completes the process of stabilisation. Re-initiation of corrosion, after stabilisation, has not been observed neither in the laboratory nor in field. The reasons why stabilisation is a non-reversible process are also explained in detail. The conclusions are integrated in the general understanding of CO2 corrosion mechanism. Then a new method is proposed to complete the corrosion prediction approaches used by the industry. Even though some research is still needed to validate the impact of some parameters involved in the stabilisation process, the stabilisation concept is now mature enough for including it in the prediction models. It is very likely that stabilisation is one of the missing links in CO2 corrosion prediction chain.

Corrosion Rates of Mild Steel In NH4NO3-NH3-H2O Solutions★

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN HACKERMAN ◽  
RAY M. HURD ◽  
EARL S. SNAVELY
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Simple Potential

Abstract Corrosion rates of mild steel in mixtures of NH4NO3-NH3-H2O were measured at temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 C. The effects of various sulfur and arsenic-containing inhibitors were studied, with particular emphasis on NH4CNS. The corrosion reaction was found to be markedly affected by stresses in the metal to the extent that completely stress-relieved coupons would not corrode at all. The rate of the uninhibited reaction was much lower at 45 and 60 C than at 30 C, indicating a change in the mechanism of the corrosion reaction. The uninhibited corrosion rate of 3700 mdd at 30 C was decreased to approximately 25 mdd with NH4CNS concentrations greater than 0.1 percent. At 45 C, the most effective inhibitor was found to be 0.05 percent 2-mercapto-ethanol + 0.05 percent sodium arsenite, followed closely by 0.1 percent NH4CNS + 0.05 percent sodium arsenite. Thio-cyanate and thiourea alone at concentrations of 0.1 percent were somewhat less effective. Simple potential measurements using a platinum reference electrode showed the corroding coupons to be about 0.9 volt more anodic than the stress-relieved coupons. 4.3.4

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document