scholarly journals High Temperature Effectiveness of Ginger Extract as Green Inhibitor for Corrosion in Mild Steel

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 26-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Sohail ◽  
Fayaz Hussain ◽  
Ali Dad Chandio ◽  
Maryam Sheikh
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Green Inhibitor ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Linear Polarization Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rates

Corrosion is one of the major problems of mild steels in acidic medium. This can be minimized by the application of corrosion inhibitors, however; the most of inhibitors are toxic in nature. Therefore inhibitors from green sources are highly desirable to maintain the sustainability of the environmental system. Consequently, in this study ginger was selected; its juice extracted mechanically and used as an inhibitor. The different concentrations of ginger extract such as 0.25ml, 0.5ml, 0.75ml and 1ml were mixed in 0.1 M HCl solution to record the effect of inhibitor on corrosion rate at room temperature and at an elevated temperature of 50ᵒC. Electrochemical linear polarization resistance (LPR) tests were carried out to determine the corrosion rates at both temperatures with different additions of the inhibitor respectively. The LPR test uses three electrodes, first electrode of AISI 1019 (mild steel), second electrode is standard electrode of saturated calomel while the third electrode consists of graphite, which is called counter electrode, to measure potential difference. The whole assembly was dipped in the solution having varying concentration of inhibitors. The corrosion rate was found to be higher in the absence of ginger- extract. Conversely, the corrosion rate was dramatically reduced more prominently at 50oC but was less effective at Troom; with the trace-additions of ginger-inhibitor. So this research would be the good contribution to overcome the deterioration of mild steel and increase its life at ambient temperatures, by using economically available environmentally-friendly organic compound specially the use of locally available raw material should be focused.

scholarly journals BIA, DPA, MBTA and DMA as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under Different Atmospheric Conditions

2013 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 52-66
Author(s):  
Harish Kumar ◽  
Vikas Yadav
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Sem Images ◽  
Corrosion Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Diphenyl Amine

Mild steel is widely used as main raw material in fabrication of equipment, chief material of construction and as weapons. During its storage and transportation conditions, it comes in contact with aggressive environment which leads to decrease in mechanical strength and loss in useful properties. Four different vapor phase corrosion inhibitors (VPCIs) i.e. Benzaimidazole (BIA), Diphenyl amine (DPA), 2-mercapto benzothiazole (MBTA) and N,N-dimethyl aniline (DMA) were tested under different atmospheric conditions at 40 °C by Weight Loss, Eschke test, Salt Spray, SO2 test and SEM techniques. All the four VPCIs show good corrosion inhibition efficiency i.e. 65-96 %. The results obtained from all the four corrosion experiments were supported by SEM images.

Effect of pH on Oxygen Corrosion At Elevated Pressures

CORROSION ◽  
1960 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 260t-264t ◽  
Author(s):  
O. L. RIGGS ◽  
J. D. SUDBURY ◽  
MERLE HUTCHISON
Keyword(s):  
Mild Steel ◽  
Oxygen Pressure ◽  
Pressure Range ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Elevated Pressures ◽  
Decreasing Ph ◽  
Ph Range ◽  
Mechanism Of Growth

Abstract A summary study of oxygen corrosion of mild steel in brine is presented. Corrosion rates were determined for oxygen pressures ranging from atmospheric to 515 psia and over a pH range of 1-13.5. All tests were conducted at room temperature (24 C). It is shown that corrosion rates are generally increased with increasing oxygen pressure and decreasing pH; however, when tests exceeded 6 hours duration, an accelerated corrosion developed over the pH range 8–12. An unusual filamentary type corrosion product develops and grows in the 300–500 psi oxygen pressure range in pH 12 system. The identification and proposed mechanism of growth are given. 3.4.6

The Corrosion Resistance of the Mg-Al-Ca-Sr Sand Casting Magnesium Alloys

2012 ◽  
Vol 326-328 ◽  
pp. 255-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Kiełbus ◽  
Tomasz Rzychoń ◽  
Joanna Michalska ◽  
Michal Stopyra
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Magnesium Alloys ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Immersion Test ◽  
Corrosion Layer ◽  
Sand Casting ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Effective Barrier ◽  
Corrosion Rates

In this paper, the corrosion resistance of two sand-casting creep resistant magnesium alloys Mg-9Al-1.5Ca-0.3Sr and Mg-9Al-2.2Ca-0.8Sr in the salt environment has been investigated. Specimens of each alloy has been immersed in 3.5% NaCl solution at room temperature and successively taken out after 1, 2, 4, 5 and 9 days. After immersion test, the microstructure and the appearances of the corroded structure were examined. The corrosion rates of both investigated alloys increased lineally with increasing the exposure time in both solutions. Mg-9Al-1.5Ca-0.3Sr alloy exhibits the higher corrosion rate during the immersion test than Mg-9Al-2.2Ca-0.8Sr. The corrosion layer of both alloys consists of MgO, MgOH and phases containing Cl, Na, Al and Ca. The increase of Ca content in the Mg-9Al-2.2Ca-0.8Sr alloy improved the corrosion resistance due to the formation of the reticular (Mg,Al)2Ca phase, which acted as an effective barrier against corrosion.

Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Tetrachloride—Water Vapor Atmospheres

CORROSION ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 15 (9) ◽  
pp. 15-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. W. CALKINS ◽  
R. W. HAWLEY
Keyword(s):  
Water Vapor ◽  
Carbon Tetrachloride ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Steel Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Mechanism ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Mild Steel Corrosion ◽  
Water Vapor Atmosphere

Abstract The use of various inhibitors for the prevention of mild steel corrosion in a system of carbon tetrachloride and water vapor was investigated. An attempt also was made to establish a corrosion mechanism. Of the 48 inhibitors tested, 2-aminoethanol appeared to be the most effective. It was found that 0.4 percent by weight of 2-aminoethanol in carbon tetrachloride decreased the corrosion rate of mild steel in a carbon tetrachloride-water vapor atmosphere by 99 percent. The next most effective inhibitor decreased the rate by about 95 percent.

scholarly journals DAA, 1-BIZ and 5-ATZ as Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel under Different Aggressive Atmospheric Conditions at High Temperature

2014 ◽  
Vol 36 ◽  
pp. 174-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vishal Saini ◽  
Harish Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Atmospheric Corrosion ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Vapour Phase ◽  
Raw Material ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Scanning Electron

Mild Steel and their products are main raw material for a strong infrastructure for every country which is the main demand in the race of survival, stabilization, growth and competition. Industrialization and modernization in now a days has made a strong demand of steel and their maintenance but atmospheric corrosion can aggressively accelerate the degradation of steel during their manufacturing, processing, storage and transportation. In these cases, traditional methods to prevent corrosion are not suitable which provide the scope of Vapour Phase Corrosion Inhibitors (VPCI) in industries, defense and daily life. Three new VPCI namely Diallylamine (DAA), 1-Benzylimidazole (1-BIZ) and 5-Aminotetrazole (5-ATZ) were tested for mild steel in different aggressive atmospheric conditions by Weight Loss Test, Eschke Test, Salt Spray Test, Sulphur dioxide (SO2) Test at 50 °C and results of these tests were supported by Metallurgical Research Microscopy and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM).

scholarly journals Copper, Iron, and Aluminium Electrochemical Corrosion Rate Dependence on Temperature

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mykhaylo Viktorovych Yarmolenko
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Data ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Electronic Device ◽  
Electrochemical Corrosion ◽  
Nacl Solution ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Dislocation Pipe ◽  
And Diffusion ◽  
Diffusion Activation

Our investigations show that electrochemical corrosion of copper is faster than electrochemical corrosion of aluminium at temperatures below 100°C. Literature data analysis shows that the Al atoms diffuse faster than the Cu atoms at temperatures higher than 475°C, Al-rich intermetallic compounds (IMCs) are formed faster in the Cu-Al system, and the Kirkendall plane shifts towards the Al side. Electrochemical corrosion occurs due to electric current and diffusion. An electronic device working time, for example, depends on the initial copper cover thickness on the aluminium wire, connected to the electronic device, temperature, and volume and dislocation pipe diffusion coefficients, so copper, iron, and aluminium electrochemical corrosion rates are investigated experimentally at room temperature and at temperature 100°C. Intrinsic diffusivities ratios of copper and aluminium at different temperatures and diffusion activation energies in the Cu-Al system are calculated by the proposed methods here using literature experimental data. Dislocation pipe and volume diffusion activation energies of pure iron are calculated separately by earlier proposed methods using literature experimental data. Aluminium dissolved into NaCl solution as the Al3+ ions at room temperature and at temperature 100°C, iron dissolved into NaCl solution as the Fe2+ (not Fe3+) ions at room temperature and at temperature 100°C, copper dissolved into NaCl solution as the Cu+ ions at room temperature, and as the Cu+ and the Cu2+ ions at temperature 100°C. It is found experimentally that copper corrosion is higher than aluminium corrosion, and the ratio of electrochemical corrosion rates, kCu/kAl > 1, decreases with temperature increasing, although iron electrochemical corrosion rate does not depend on temperature below 100°C. It is obvious because the melting point of iron is higher than the melting point of copper or aluminium. It is calculated that copper electrochemical corrosion rate is approximately equal to aluminium electrochemical corrosion at a temperature of about 300°C, so the copper can dissolve into NaCl solution mostly as the Cu2+ ions at a temperature of about 300°C. The ratio of intrinsic diffusivities, DCu/DAl < 1, increases with temperature increasing, and intrinsic diffusivity of aluminium could be approximately equal to intrinsic diffusivity of copper at a temperature of about 460°C.

Corrosion Rates of Mild Steel In NH4NO3-NH3-H2O Solutions★

CORROSION ◽  
1958 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
NORMAN HACKERMAN ◽  
RAY M. HURD ◽  
EARL S. SNAVELY
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Sodium Arsenite ◽  
Reference Electrode ◽  
Effective Inhibitor ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Corrosion Reaction ◽  
Simple Potential

Abstract Corrosion rates of mild steel in mixtures of NH4NO3-NH3-H2O were measured at temperatures of 30, 45 and 60 C. The effects of various sulfur and arsenic-containing inhibitors were studied, with particular emphasis on NH4CNS. The corrosion reaction was found to be markedly affected by stresses in the metal to the extent that completely stress-relieved coupons would not corrode at all. The rate of the uninhibited reaction was much lower at 45 and 60 C than at 30 C, indicating a change in the mechanism of the corrosion reaction. The uninhibited corrosion rate of 3700 mdd at 30 C was decreased to approximately 25 mdd with NH4CNS concentrations greater than 0.1 percent. At 45 C, the most effective inhibitor was found to be 0.05 percent 2-mercapto-ethanol + 0.05 percent sodium arsenite, followed closely by 0.1 percent NH4CNS + 0.05 percent sodium arsenite. Thio-cyanate and thiourea alone at concentrations of 0.1 percent were somewhat less effective. Simple potential measurements using a platinum reference electrode showed the corroding coupons to be about 0.9 volt more anodic than the stress-relieved coupons. 4.3.4

POLYVINYLPYROLLIDONE AND POLYACRYLAMIDE AS CORROSION INHIBITORS FOR MILD STEEL IN ACIDIC MEDIUM

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (03) ◽  
pp. 277-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. UMOREN ◽  
I. B. OBOT
Keyword(s):  
Adsorption Isotherm ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Acidic Medium ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Adsorption Process ◽  
Physical Adsorption ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Temkin Adsorption Isotherm

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 M H 2 SO 4 in the presence of polyvinylpyrollidone (PVP) and polyacrylamide (PA) as inhibitors at 30–60°C was studied using gravimetric and gasometric techniques. The inhibition efficiency (1%) increased with increase in concentration of the inhibitors. Increase in temperature increased the corrosion rate in the absence and presence of inhibitors but decreased the inhibition efficiency. Both PVP and PA were found to obey Temkin adsorption isotherm and Kinetic-Thermodynamic Model of El-Awady at all the concentrations and temperatures studied. Phenomenon of physical adsorption is proposed from the activation parameters obtained. Thermodynamic parameters reveal that the adsorption process is spontaneous. PVP was found to be a better inhibitor than PA.

Molybdates as Corrosion Inhibitors in the Presence of Chlorides

CORROSION ◽  
1976 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 263-266 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. A. LIZLOVS
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Potentiodynamic Polarization ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Corrosion Inhibitors ◽  
Corrosion Potential ◽  
Chloride Content ◽  
Passive State ◽  
Chloride Sulfate ◽  
Polarization Studies

Abstract The effect of the molybdate ion (MoO4=) concentration on the corrosion inhibition of 1010 steel was investigated in aerated chloride/sulfate-containing solutions. The chloride content was 304 ppm Cl−, and the sulfate was 352 ppm SO4=. Weight loss measurements and electrochemical methods were employed for the investigation. The pH was controlled at 8.7. Weight loss measurements indicated that about 165 ppm of molybdate reduced the corrosion rate below 10 mg·dm−2/day at room temperature. At 160 F (71 C), about 50 ppm of molybdate reduced the corrosion rate to 4 to 5 mg·dm−2/day. The potentiodynamic polarization studies and the examination of corrosion potential and immersion time relationship disclosed that the molybdate ion acts as a passivating agent in the presence of oxygen. Passivity was also obtained under potentiodynamic polarization conditions in a nitrogenated solution. No passivation was obtained in the absence of the molybdate ion. For spontaneous passivation, both molybdate and oxygen (oxidizing agent) were needed. Corrosion rates in a passive state according to the polarization curve should be nil.

scholarly journals Investigating the Inhibitive Characteristics of Moringa Oleifera on the Corrosion of Mild Steel

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 595-602
Author(s):  
Okpaga D. M
Keyword(s):  
Weight Loss ◽  
Corrosion Rate ◽  
Mild Steel ◽  
Immersion Time ◽  
Moringa Oleifera ◽  
Inhibition Efficiency ◽  
Sodium Hydroxide Solution ◽  
Total Surface Area ◽  
Corrosion Rates ◽  
Very High

Abstract: This work deals with the inhibitive characteristics of Moringa oleifera fruits and leaves extracts in Hydrochloric Acid solution and Sodium Hydroxide solution respectively on the corrosion of mild steel. This was carried out using weight loss and polarization techniques. The effects of immersion time, the effect of acid and alkaline concentration on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in 1.0M HCl and 1.0 NaOH with addiction of extracts were deduced. The fruits which were dried and grounded to powder of 10g and the leaves which range from 25cm3 to 100cm3 were used for this study. The corrosion rate was very high in the absence of inhibitors (Moringa oleifera fruits and the leaves extracts). The mild steel was cut into coupon averaging a total surface area of 4.262cm2 . The sample was weighed and immersed into a beaker containing 1.0M NaOH with different volumes of moringa leaves and 1.0M HCl with 10g dried concentrated powdered moringa fruits with coupons removed every 7 days for weight loss measurements till 4 weeks. The corrosion rates were found to be decreased by 83% in 1.0M HCl and 78% in 1.0M NaOH respectively, values of inhibition efficiency (ࣁ (%were calculated from weight loss. The results obtained showed that the Moringa oleifera fruits and leaves extracts could serve as effective inhibitors on the corrosion of mild steel in HCl and NaOH respectively. Keywords: Moringa oleifera, Corrosion rate, Weight loss, Mild steel, Inhibitor.

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