scholarly journals Commercial phenotypic tests (API 20E) in diagnosis of fish bacteria: a review

2008 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 49-53 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Topic Popovic ◽  
R. Coz-Rakovac ◽  
I. Strunjak-Perovic
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Rapid Identification ◽  
Identification System ◽  
Bacterial Isolates ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Fish Health ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Phenotypic Tests ◽  
Fish Bacteria ◽  
Important Fish

The available data concerning rapid identification of fish bacteria via commercial phenotypic tests demonstrate that there is no agreement regarding the choice of the tests. However, API 20E, an identification system for Enterobacteriaceae and other non-fastidious Gram-negative rods developed for clinical specimens, seems to be increasingly used for the identification of fish pathogens. In this review, adaptation of API 20E for fish bacterial isolates and its distinctiveness for fish bacteria was assessed. Some strains are wrongly identified because they are not included in the database of API 20E system. API 20E reactions should be compared with the diagnostic schemes based on reactions in conventional phenotypic tests. Due to their significance for fish health and impact on the aquaculture, and because of the need for their rapid identification, some important fish bacteria should be included in the API 20E system, such as <i>Yersinia ruckeri</i>, <i>Edwardsiella ictaluri</i>, <i>Vibrio anguillarum</i>.

scholarly journals Species-Specific Duplex PCR for Detecting the Important Fish Pathogens Vibrio anguillarum and Edwardsiella tarda

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 273-277 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geon-A Jo ◽  
Sae-Bom Kwon ◽  
Na-Kyeong Kim ◽  
Muhammad Tofazzal Hossain ◽  
Yu-Ri Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Duplex Pcr ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Important Fish

Identification of Pathogenic Fish Bacteria Using the API ZYM System

1993 ◽  
Vol 50 (6) ◽  
pp. 1137-1141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masahiro Sakai ◽  
M. K. Soliman ◽  
T. Yoshida ◽  
Masanori Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Edwardsiella Tarda ◽  
Gram Stain ◽  
Fish Pathogen ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Renibacterium Salmoninarum ◽  
Hemolytic Streptococcus ◽  
Fish Bacteria

The API ZYM system was used to identify the bacterial fish pathogens Enterococcus seriolicida, β-hemolytic Streptococcus sp., Renibacterium salmoninarum, Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Pasteurella piscicida, Edwardsiella tarda, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, Flexibacter columnaris, and F. maritimus. As additional tests, Gram stain and the activities of cytochrome oxidase and catalase were examined. The results of APS ZYM and the additional tests were coded for easy identification. Several biotypes were demonstrated by Streptococcus sp., V. anguillarum, and A. hydrophila. Other bacteria showed uniform profiles. This system can distinguish each fish pathogen from all other bacterial species examined.

Host range and transfer efficiency of incompatibility group HI plasmids

1993 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 581-587 ◽  
Author(s):  
Declan Maher ◽  
Diane E. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Host Range ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Yersinia Ruckeri ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
K 12

HI plasmids are distinguished by their thermosensitive mode of conjugation (transfer efficiency is optimal at 22–30 °C) and their capacity to encode multiple antibiotic resistance. These traits have implicated HI plasmids as potential vectors in the dissemination of antibiotic resistance among pathogenic and indigenous bacterial species in water and soil environments. We compared the transfer efficiency of HI plasmids with that of plasmids from 13 other incompatibility groups at 37, 24, and 14 °C in intragenic conjugations between laboratory strains of Escherichia coli K-12 under in vitro conditions. Only the HI plasmids and a representative plasmid from incompatibility groups M, N, Pα, T, and W were observed to be transmissible at 14 °C. These plasmids, along with HI plasmids and the related HII representative, were tested for their host range and transfer proficiency to Enterobacteria species and some other Gram-negative organisms of environmental significance at 24 and 14 °C. Notable differences in the host range of HI plasmids compared with plasmid representatives from the other enterobacterial groups were not evident at 24 °C. At 14 °C, R478 (HI2) displayed the broadest host range and transfer proficiency among the test plasmids. The ability of several plasmid groups, including HI, to transfer at 14–24 °C to Vibrio cholerae non 01, Salmonella typhi, and the fish pathogens Aeromonas salmonicida, Vibrio anguillarum, and Yersinia ruckeri needs to be corroborated by in situ studies.Key words: conjugation, plasmids, thermosensitive transfer, host range.

Ultraviolet Treatment of Water for Destruction of Five Gram-Negative Bacteria Pathogenic to Fishes

1977 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 1244-1249 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Bullock ◽  
H. M. Stuckey
Keyword(s):  
Particulate Matter ◽  
Ultraviolet Irradiation ◽  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Spring Water ◽  
Aeromonas Salmonicida ◽  
Water Disinfection ◽  
Gram Negative Bacteria ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Ultraviolet Treatment

Filtration (25 nm) and ultraviolet irradiation dosages of 13,100–29,400 microwatt seconds per square centimetre (μW∙s∙cm−2) effected a 99.98–100% reduction of five gram-negative fish pathogens — Aeromonas salmonicida, A. hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and the enteric redmouth organism in 12.5 °C clear spring water or spring water containing particulate matter. Filtration and a dosage of 4500 μW∙s∙cm−2 killed 99.83–100% of test strains in spring water and 4000–4750 μW∙s∙cm−2 killed 99.33–99.99% in water with particulate matter. Irradiation of unfiltered water containing particulate matter was less effective, especially at dosages of 5000 μW∙s∙cm−2 or less, which killed 97–99.94% of strains. Filtration and 13,100 μW∙s∙cm−2 irradiation of water containing A. salmonicida prevented transmission of furunculosis. Key words: ultraviolet irradiation, bacterial fish pathogens, water disinfection

Molecular characterization of Vibrio anguillarum biotype 2

1981 ◽  
Vol 27 (10) ◽  
pp. 1011-1018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael H. Schiewe ◽  
Jorge H. Crosa
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Anguillarum ◽  
Virulence Plasmid ◽  
Multicopy Plasmid ◽  
Nick Translation ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Mole Percent ◽  
Discrete Nature ◽  
Sequence Relationships ◽  
Restriction Endonuclease Cleavage

Examination of polynucleotide sequence relationships among 11 strains of Vibrio anguillarum biotype 2 isolated from moribund fish in North America and Japan demonstrated the highly conserved character of this group of fish pathogens and, moreover, confirmed its discrete nature from V. anguillarum biotype 1. Additional molecular analyses of the V. anguillarum biotype 2 strains revealed the universal presence of a multicopy plasmid with a molecular mass of approximately 20 × 106 daltons and a mole percent guanine plus cytosine of 44. The plasmid of strain DF3K was representative of this molecular species and was designated pMJ101. Subsequent DNA–DNA hybridizations using nick translation-labeled pMJ101 as a probe indicated all the 20 × 106 dalton plasmids were either identical or highly conserved, and, furthermore, that pMJ101 was apparently unrelated to either the virulence plasmid, pJM1, of V. anguillarum biotype 1 or to representatives of common plasmid incompatibility groups. The lack of relatedness between pMJ101 and pJM1 was further supported by differences in their restriction endonuclease cleavage patterns.

scholarly journals Fatty Acids-Enriched Fractions of Hermetia illucens (Black Soldier Fly) Larvae Fat Can Combat MDR Pathogenic Fish Bacteria Aeromonas spp.

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8829
Author(s):  
Heakal Mohamed ◽  
Elena Marusich ◽  
Yuriy Afanasev ◽  
Sergey Leonov
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Bioactive Molecules ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Fish Pathogens ◽  
Hermetia Illucens ◽  
Fish Bacteria

Aeromonas spp. cause many diseases in aquaculture habitats. Hermetia illucens (Hi) larvae were used as feed-in aquacultures and in eradicating pathogenic fish bacteria. In the present study, we applied consecutive extractions of the same biomass of BSFL fat using the acidic water–methanol solution. The major constituents of the sequential extracts (SEs) were free fatty acids (FFAs), and fatty acids derivatives as identified by gas chromatography spectrometry (GC-MS). Our improved procedure enabled gradual enrichment in the unsaturated fatty acids (USFAs) content in our SEs. The present study aimed to compare the composition and antimicrobial properties of SEs. Among actual fish pathogens, A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida demonstrated multiple drug resistance (MDR) against different recommended standard antibiotics: A. salmonicida was resistant to six, while A. hydrophila was resistant to four antibiotics from ten used in the present study. For the first time, we demonstrated the high dose-dependent antibacterial activity of each SE against Aeromonas spp., especially MDR A. salmonicida. The bacteriostatic and bactericidal (MIC/MBC) activity of SEs was significantly enhanced through the sequential extractions. The third sequential extract (AWME3) possessed the highest activity against Aeromonas spp.: inhibition zone diameters were in the range (21.47 ± 0.14–20.83 ± 0.22 mm) at a concentration of 40 mg/mL, MIC values ranged between 0.09 and 0.38 mg/mL for A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. AWME3 MBC values recorded 0.19 and 0.38 mg/mL, while MIC50 values were 0.065 ± 0.004 and 0.22 ± 0.005 mg/mL against A. hydrophila and A. salmonicida, respectively. Thus, the larvae fat from Hermitia illucens may serve as an excellent reservoir of bioactive molecules with good capacity to eradicate the multidrug-resistant bacteria, having promising potential for practical application in the aquaculture field.

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