scholarly journals The influence of genetically modified glyphosate-tolerant maize CC-2 on rhizosphere bacterial communities revealed by MiSeq sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 66 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 387-394
Author(s):  
Xiaoli Zhou ◽  
Jingang Liang ◽  
Ying Luan ◽  
Xinyuan Song ◽  
Zhengguang Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Safety Issues

Genetically modified (GM) crops have brought huge economic benefits to mankind, however, at the same time, their safety issues are drawing growing attention. This investigation was conducted to assess whether the long-term cultivation of GM glyphosate resistant maize CC-2 effects bacterial communities in the rhizosphere soil. A 2-year follow-up trial was conducted, and soils were sampled at various plant developmental stages. The bacterial community structure of the rhizosphere soil was analysed by the high-throughput sequencing and compared with the near-isogenic non-GM maize Zheng 58. We showed here that long-term cultivation of CC-2 has no significant effect on the structure and diversity of bacterial communities, while different growth stages had significant effect. These results provided a reliable theoretical basis for the future cultivation and increased commercialisation of CC-2.  

Long term follow up of subsequent malignancies in patients treated with genetically modified immune effectors

Cytotherapy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. S151
Author(s):  
I.N. Muhsen ◽  
D. Steffin ◽  
N. Ahmed ◽  
M. Hegde ◽  
O. Dakhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

Analysis of bacterial communities in rhizosphere soil of healthy and diseased cotton (Gossypium sp.) at different plant growth stages

2010 ◽  
Vol 339 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 447-455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Bing-Hai Du ◽  
Zhi-gang Jin ◽  
Zheng-hua Li ◽  
Hong-ning Song ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Rhizosphere Soil ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Plant Growth Stages

scholarly journals Bacterial Community Shift and Coexisting/Coexcluding Patterns Revealed by Network Analysis in a Uranium-Contaminated Site after Bioreduction Followed by Reoxidation

2018 ◽  
Vol 84 (9) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Li ◽  
Wei-Min Wu ◽  
David B. Watson ◽  
Erick Cardenas ◽  
Yuanqing Chao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Network Analysis ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Ecological Niches ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Oak Ridge ◽  
Α Diversity ◽  
Before And After

ABSTRACTA site in Oak Ridge, TN, USA, has sediments that contain >3% iron oxides and is contaminated with uranium (U). The U(VI) was bioreduced to U(IV) and immobilizedin situthrough intermittent injections of ethanol. It then was allowed to reoxidize via the invasion of low-pH (3.6 to 4.0), high-nitrate (up to 200 mM) groundwater back into the reduced zone for 1,383 days. To examine the biogeochemical response, high-throughput sequencing and network analysis were applied to characterize bacterial population shifts, as well as cooccurrence and coexclusion patterns among microbial communities. A pairedttest indicated no significant changes of α-diversity for the bioactive wells. However, both nonmetric multidimensional scaling and analysis of similarity confirmed a significant distinction in the overall composition of the bacterial communities between the bioreduced and the reoxidized sediments. The top 20 major genera accounted for >70% of the cumulative contribution to the dissimilarity in the bacterial communities before and after the groundwater invasion.Castellaniellahad the largest dissimilarity contribution (17.7%). For the bioactive wells, the abundance of the U(VI)-reducing generaGeothrix,Desulfovibrio,Ferribacterium, andGeobacterdecreased significantly, whereas the denitrifyingAcidovoraxabundance increased significantly after groundwater invasion. Additionally, seven genera, i.e.,Castellaniella,Ignavibacterium,Simplicispira,Rhizomicrobium,AcidobacteriaGp1,AcidobacteriaGp14, andAcidobacteriaGp23, were significant indicators of bioactive wells in the reoxidation stage. Canonical correspondence analysis indicated that nitrate, manganese, and pH affected mostly the U(VI)-reducing genera and indicator genera. Cooccurrence patterns among microbial taxa suggested the presence of taxa sharing similar ecological niches or mutualism/commensalism/synergism interactions.IMPORTANCEHigh-throughput sequencing technology in combination with a network analysis approach were used to investigate the stabilization of uranium and the corresponding dynamics of bacterial communities under field conditions with regard to the heterogeneity and complexity of the subsurface over the long term. The study also examined diversity and microbial community composition shift, the common genera, and indicator genera before and after long-term contaminated-groundwater invasion and the relationship between the target functional community structure and environmental factors. Additionally, deciphering cooccurrence and coexclusion patterns among microbial taxa and environmental parameters could help predict potential biotic interactions (cooperation/competition), shared physiologies, or habitat affinities, thus, improving our understanding of ecological niches occupied by certain specific species. These findings offer new insights into compositions of and associations among bacterial communities and serve as a foundation for future bioreduction implementation and monitoring efforts applied to uranium-contaminated sites.

Long-term histological follow-up of genetically modified myoblasts grafted into the brain

1997 ◽  
Vol 44 (1) ◽  
pp. 125-133 ◽  
Author(s):  
F Lisovoski ◽  
J.P Wahrmann ◽  
J.C Pages ◽  
J Cadusseau ◽  
M Rieu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetically Modified ◽  
The Brain

Urgent-SQ Implant: Safety and Efficacy, 18 Years After First Implantation.

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manon te Dorsthorst ◽  
Dick Janssen ◽  
Frank Martens ◽  
Michael van Balken ◽  
John Heesakkers
Keyword(s):  
Tibial Nerve ◽  
Nerve Stimulator ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Follow Up Studies ◽  
Long Term Follow Up ◽  
Internal Component ◽  
Lost To Follow Up ◽  
Self Stimulation

Abstract Background: To evaluate the long term follow up in terms of safety and usability of the Urgent-SQ system (implantable tibial nerve stimulator) based on 1 year, 9 year follow up and novel results 18 years after first implantation in 2002.Materials & Methods: Since 2002, eight patients were implanted with the Urgent-SQ system. Seven patients were included in previous follow up studies, 1 patient had loss of efficacy before 1 year of follow up. During this study all patients who were included in the previous follow-up studies (n=7) were contacted to be interviewed regarding efficacy, usability and safety. Results: Five out of seven patients were available for assessment, mean age 72 years ± 8 (range 65-82). Two patients were considered lost to follow up. None of the interviewed patients reported safety issues, new adverse events or discomfort. One of the patients was able to visit the hospital for efficacy. However, treatment could not be performed due to deficiency of the external or internal component. All patients did not perform self-stimulation anymore due to external stimulator deficiency (n=2) or loss of effect (n=3). Conclusion: 18 year follow up of the Urgent-SQ implant demonstrates a high safety profile. However efficacy after 18 years is lacking in 60% whereas in 40% the therapy cannot be applied because the external stimulator is deficient. This most likely depicts the end of the lifecycle of the device.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia: results from a 1-year open-label study

CNS Spectrums ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrew J. Cutler ◽  
Suresh Durgam ◽  
Yao Wang ◽  
Raffaele Migliore ◽  
Kaifeng Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Partial Agonist ◽  
Phase Iii ◽  
Open Label ◽  
Two Phase ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Preferential Binding ◽  
Dose Study

ObjectiveCariprazine, a dopamine D3/D2 partial agonist atypical antipsychotic with preferential binding to D3 receptors, is approved for the treatment of schizophrenia and manic or mixed episodes associated with bipolar I disorder. The efficacy and safety of cariprazine was established in three randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, 6-week trials in patients with acute exacerbation of schizophrenia. This 53-week study evaluated the long-term safety and tolerability of cariprazine in patients with schizophrenia.MethodsThis was a multicenter, open-label, flexible-dose study of cariprazine 3–9 mg/d in adults with schizophrenia. Participants included new patients and patients who had completed one of two phase III lead-in studies (NCT01104766, NCT01104779). Eligible patients entered a no-drug screening period of up to 1 week followed by 48 weeks of flexibly dosed, open-label cariprazine treatment (3–9 mg/d) and 4 weeks of safety follow-up.ResultsA total of 586 patients received open-label cariprazine treatment, ~39% of whom completed the study. No unexpected safety issues or deaths were reported. The most common (≥10%) adverse events (AEs) observed were akathisia (16%), headache (13%), insomnia (13%), and weight gain (10%). Serious AEs occurred in 59 (10.1%) patients, and 73 (12.5%) patients discontinued the study due to AEs during open-label treatment. Mean changes in metabolic, hepatic, and cardiovascular parameters were not considered clinically relevant. Mean body weight increased by 1.5 kg during the study, prolactin levels decreased slightly, and measures of efficacy remained stable.ConclusionsLong-term cariprazine treatment at doses up to 9 mg/d appeared to be generally safe and well tolerated in patients with schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Long-term continuously monocropped peanut significantly changed the abundance and composition of soil bacterial communities

PeerJ ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. e9024
Author(s):  
Mingna Chen ◽  
Hu Liu ◽  
Shanlin Yu ◽  
Mian Wang ◽  
Lijuan Pan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Abundant Species ◽  
Bacterial Populations ◽  
Soil Sickness ◽  
Community Function ◽  
Soil Bacterial Communities ◽  
Short And Long Term

Soil sickness is the progressive loss of soil quality due to continuous monocropping. The bacterial populations are critical to sustaining agroecosystems, but their responses to long-term peanut monocropping have not been determined. In this study, based on a previously constructed gradient of continuous monocropped plots, we tracked the detailed feedback responses of soil bacteria to short- and long-term continuous monocropping of four different peanut varieties using high-throughput sequencing techniques. The analyses showed that soil samples from 1- and 2-year monocropped plots were grouped into one class, and samples from the 11- and 12-year plots were grouped into another. Long-term consecutive monocropping could lead to a general loss in bacterial diversity and remarkable changes in bacterial abundance and composition. At the genera level, the dominant genus Bacillus changed in average abundance from 1.49% in short-term monocropping libraries to 2.96% in the long-term libraries. The dominant species Bacillus aryabhattai and Bacillus funiculus and the relatively abundant species Bacillus luciferensis and Bacillus decolorationis all showed increased abundance with long-term monocropping. Additionally, several other taxa at the genus and species level also presented increased abundance with long-term peanut monocropping; however, several taxa showed decreased abundance. Comparing analyses of predicted bacterial community functions showed significant changes at different KEGG pathway levels with long-term peanut monocropping. Combined with our previous study, this study indicated that bacterial communities were obviously influenced by the monocropping period, but less influenced by peanut variety and growth stage. Some bacterial taxa with increased abundance have functions of promoting plant growth or degrading potential soil allelochemicals, and should be closely related with soil remediation and may have potential application to relieve peanut soil sickness. A decrease in diversity and abundance of bacterial communities, especially beneficial communities, and simplification of bacterial community function with long-term peanut monocropping could be the main cause of peanut soil sickness.

In Vivo comparison of 3 Suicide Gene-Prodrug Combinations in a Mouse Graft-Versus-Host-Disease Model

Blood ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 118 (21) ◽  
pp. 3121-3121
Author(s):  
Jae H. Park ◽  
Raymond Yeh ◽  
Isabelle Riviere ◽  
Michel Sadelain ◽  
Renier Brentjens
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Graft Versus Host Disease ◽  
Normal Saline ◽  
Genetically Modified ◽  
Suicide Gene ◽  
Suicide Genes ◽  
Graft Versus Host

Abstract Abstract 3121 Cellular therapies through allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplants (allo-HSCT) and infusion of genetically modified T cells targeted against tumor associated antigens hold great promise for cancer therapy. However, significant risk of graft-versus-host-disease (GvHD) with allo-HSCT and potential toxicities from the transgene products in the case of genetically modified T cells have generated considerable interest in developing safeguards in the form of suicide genes to allow for the efficient in vivo abrogation of infused T cells in case of unanticipated adverse events. We have previously reported the comparable in vitro function of 3 different suicide gene-prodrug combinations (Park et al. ASH 2010 abstract #3771). The three suicide genes examined included herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK SR39) with the prodrug ganciclovir, inducible caspase 9 (iCasp9) with the chemical inducer of dimerization (CID), and a novel suicide gene nitroreductase (NTR) derived from E.coli combined with the prodrug metronidazole. Here, we report the comparison of in vivo efficacy of these 3 suicide gene-prodrug combinations using our previously published mouse GvHD model (Santos et al. Nat Med 2009). SCID-Beige mice were injected i.v. with 1×106 FACS-sorted major histocompatibility complex mismatched C57/BL6 T cells transduced to express each suicide gene (HSV-TK SR39, iCasp9 or NTR) cloned in frame with external Gaussia Luciferase (extGLuc), separated by the 2A peptide in an SFG-based vector. Seven days after intravenous injection of modified T cells, SCID-Beige mice developed GvHD as evidenced by in vivo expansion of the transferred T cells detected by bioluminescent imaging (BLI) after a bolus injection of coelenterazine. Subsequently, the mice injected with the HSV-TK SR39-transduced T cells were treated intraperitoneally (i.p.) twice daily for 5 days with ganciclovir at 25mg/kg; the mice with the NTR-transduced T cells were treated i.p. three times daily for 5 days with metronidazole at 200μg; the mice with the iCasp9-transduced T cells were treated i.p. daily for 3 days with CID at 50μg; and the mice with the HSV-TK SR39-transduced T cells treated i.p. twice daily for 5 days with normal saline served as a control group. All treated mice were imaged by BLI on days 3, 7, 11, 18, 25, 32, and weekly thereafter for a total of 3 months following the first dose of each prodrug. All of the control mice treated with normal saline developed rapidly progressing GvHD both clinically and by BLI, meeting the criteria for euthanasia by day 18. In contrast, the administration of prodrugs successfully eradicated the modified T cells expressing respective suicide genes by day 3 and no evidence of GvHD was detected. However, a long-term follow-up of these mice revealed the re-expansion of the transferred T cells or relapse of GvHD in all mice in the NTR group (by day 39) and in 2 out of 3 mice in the HSV-TK SR39 group (by day 53), but none in the mice in the iCasp9 group. The relapsed mice in the NTR and HSV-TK SR groups were treated again with the prodrugs, but none responded to the re-treatment. At the end of the 3 month follow-up, all mice in the NTR group and 2 out of 3 mice from the HSV-TK SR39 group died from progressive GvHD, while all of the mice in the iCasp9 group survived with no evidence of GvHD. In conclusion, our results suggest that the long-term safety and efficacy data of iCasp9, together with its lack of immunogenicity and the absence of reported side effects of CID (Di Stasi et al. ASH 2010 abstract #559), might be advantageous as a promising suicide gene-based strategy in ensuring the rapid and sustained eradication of the adoptively transferred T cells in case of unanticipated severe toxicities of cellular therapies. Based on this in vivo data, we are planning to incorporate the iCasp9 suicide gene in our future clinical trials with T cells genetically modified to express a chimeric antigen receptor targeted against a tumor specific antigen. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

Bacterial community dynamics across developmental stages of fungal fruiting bodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 96 (10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniyal Gohar ◽  
Mari Pent ◽  
Kadri Põldmaa ◽  
Mohammad Bahram
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Fruiting Body ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Body Parts ◽  
Fruiting Bodies ◽  
Bacterial Community Dynamics ◽  
Host Development

ABSTRACT Increasing evidence suggest that bacteria form diverse communities in various eukaryotic hosts, including fungi. However, little is known about their succession and the functional potential at different host development stages. Here we examined the effect of fruiting body parts and developmental stages on the structure and potential function of fungus-associated bacterial communities. Using high-throughput sequencing, we characterized bacterial communities and their associated potential functions in fruiting bodies from ten genera belonging to four major mushroom-forming orders and three different developmental stages of a model host species Cantharellus cibarius. Our results demonstrate that bacterial community structure differs between internal and external parts of the fruiting body but not between inner tissues. The structure of the bacterial communities showed significant variation across fruiting body developmental stages. We provide evidence that certain functional groups, such as those related to nitrogen fixation, persist in fruiting bodies during the maturation, but are replaced by putative parasites/pathogens afterwards. These data suggest that bacterial communities inhabiting fungal fruiting bodies may play important roles in their growth and development.

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