scholarly journals Changes in the mycorrhizal status of some mountain spruce forests

2008 ◽  
Vol 53 (Special Issue) ◽  
pp. 82-88
Author(s):  
V. Pešková
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Mycorrhizal Symbiosis ◽  
Clear Trend ◽  
Apparent Increase ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Mycorrhizal Status ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Pollution Impact

In the present study, the defoliation status of spruce stands is related to mycorrhizal conditions and presence of mycorrhizal macromycetes fungi in two localities at the highest sites of the Krkonoše Mts. In the long-term view, the defoliation and the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi have improved but the number of active as well as nonactive mycorrhizae has decreased while their ratio has not changed. Statistically significant is the correlation between the total number of mycorrhizae and pH. The results within last years of observations as well as in comparison to the conditions in the last decade show that mountain spruce stands growing at non-exposed sites are tolerant to a degradation of mycorrhizal conditions resulting from the long-term air pollution impact. The studied parameters of mycorrhizal symbiosis have not shown a clear trend; their results however indicate the stabilized mycorrhizal state. Positive changes can be seen in the total increase of macromycetes diversity as well as in the apparent increase of percentage of macromycetes in the studied localities, which correlates to the moderately improving defoliation.

scholarly journals Temporal Dynamics of Root Reinforcement in European Spruce Forests

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (6) ◽  
pp. 815
Author(s):  
Gianluca Flepp ◽  
Roger Robyr ◽  
Roberto Scotti ◽  
Filippo Giadrossich ◽  
Marco Conedera ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Root Reinforcement ◽  
Local Conditions ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Forest Ecosystem Services ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
Recovery Dynamics

The quantification of post-disturbance root reinforcement (RR) recovery dynamics is of paramount importance for the optimisation of forest ecosystem services and natural hazards risk management in mountain regions. In this work we analyse the long-term root reinforcement dynamic of spruce forests combining data of the Swiss National Forest Inventory with data on root distribution and root mechanical properties. The results show that root reinforcement recovery depends primarily on stand altitude and slope inclination. The maximum root reinforcement recovery rate is reached at circa 100 years. RR increases continuously with different rates for stand ages over 200 years. These results shows that RR in spruce stands varies considerably depending on the local conditions and that its recovery after disturbances requires decades. The new method applied in this study allowed for the first time to quantify the long term dynamics of RR in spruce stands supporting new quantitative approaches for the analysis of shallow landslides disposition in different disturbance regimes of forests.

Complex Evaluation Of Air Quality In Rezekne

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Andris Skromulis ◽  
Ivars Matisovs ◽  
Gotfrīds Noviks
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Air Ions ◽  
Mobility Factor ◽  
Complex Evaluation ◽  
Air Ionization ◽  
Pollution Impact ◽  
The City ◽  
Different Parts ◽  
Made In

Paper presents results of air ionization level measurements made in past 3 years in Rezekne city. The concentrations of positive and negative air ions with mobility factor k ≥ 0,4 cm2/V·s were obtained by portative air-ion counter “Sapfir-3M” (Russia) in 8 parts of the city thrice per day. The approximate interconnections among ionization and chemical and mechanical pollution of air were analyzed. The complex evaluation of long – term air pollution impact on different parts of city is carried out using methods of lichenoindication and air ion research.

scholarly journals Dynamics of protective spruce stands in Moscow region

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 27-33
Author(s):  
S.A. Korotkov ◽  
◽  
Yu. I. Drobyshev ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Changes ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Moscow Region ◽  
Coniferous Forests ◽  
Mixed Stands ◽  
Small Areas ◽  
Spruce Forests ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
New Generation

The results of dynamic processes occurring in recent decades in the forests of the Moscow region cxontaining spruce and caused by both climate changes and increasing anthropogenic influence are presented. It is demonstrated that the spruce stands in modern conditions are unstable to droughts and outbreaks of insect pests, and in the future they will also be dynamically unstable and tend to decay. The situation is even more complicated due to the ban on continuous logging in the protective forests of the Moscow region and the widespread distribution of monocultures here, which, moreover, continue to be created even now. It is established that the structure of stands by age and diameter is largely determined by the density of the stand and the mixing of species, and is most aligned in pure high-field forests, and the optimal structure in diameter is formed with a proportion of spruce trees of 3–7 units. As a result of long-term observations on permanent sample areas in «Losiny Ostrov», it was revealed that with the natural development of forest communities, the composition of new forest generations is extremely rarely close to the composition of the first tier. In most cases, the development goes towards broad-leaved forests with a predominance of linden. The same tendency to replace coniferous forests with linden forests is shown for plantings where the spruce part of the stand was lost due to the bark beetle. Both on the site of the decayed spruce forests and under the canopy of the preserved ones, a new generation of forest is formed, represented by hardwoods with a small or single participation of spruce. It is recommended to form mixed stands in the spruce forests of the Moscow region with a proportion of spruce of 30…50 %, while a higher proportion of spruce may be acceptable only in small areas (1–2 ha). At the same time, the mass creation of monodominant spruce crops should be avoided.

scholarly journals Acute and chronic exposure to air pollution in relation with incidence, prevalence, severity and mortality of COVID-19: a rapid systematic review

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick D. M. C. Katoto ◽  
Amanda S. Brand ◽  
Buket Bakan ◽  
Paul Musa Obadia ◽  
Carsi Kuhangana ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Chronic Exposure ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Acute And Chronic Exposure ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutant ◽  
Incident Cases ◽  
Incidence Prevalence

Abstract Background Air pollution is one of the world’s leading mortality risk factors contributing to seven million deaths annually. COVID-19 pandemic has claimed about one million deaths in less than a year. However, it is unclear whether exposure to acute and chronic air pollution influences the COVID-19 epidemiologic curve. Methods We searched for relevant studies listed in six electronic databases between December 2019 and September 2020. We applied no language or publication status limits. Studies presented as original articles, studies that assessed risk, incidence, prevalence, or lethality of COVID-19 in relation with exposure to either short-term or long-term exposure to ambient air pollution were included. All patients regardless of age, sex and location diagnosed as having COVID-19 of any severity were taken into consideration. We synthesised results using harvest plots based on effect direction. Results Included studies were cross-sectional (n = 10), retrospective cohorts (n = 9), ecological (n = 6 of which two were time-series) and hypothesis (n = 1). Of these studies, 52 and 48% assessed the effect of short-term and long-term pollutant exposure, respectively and one evaluated both. Pollutants mostly studied were PM2.5 (64%), NO2 (50%), PM10 (43%) and O3 (29%) for acute effects and PM2.5 (85%), NO2 (39%) and O3 (23%) then PM10 (15%) for chronic effects. Most assessed COVID-19 outcomes were incidence and mortality rate. Acutely, pollutants independently associated with COVID-19 incidence and mortality were first PM2.5 then PM10, NO2 and O3 (only for incident cases). Chronically, similar relationships were found for PM2.5 and NO2. High overall risk of bias judgments (86 and 39% in short-term and long-term exposure studies, respectively) was predominantly due to a failure to adjust aggregated data for important confounders, and to a lesser extent because of a lack of comparative analysis. Conclusion The body of evidence indicates that both acute and chronic exposure to air pollution can affect COVID-19 epidemiology. The evidence is unclear for acute exposure due to a higher level of bias in existing studies as compared to moderate evidence with chronic exposure. Public health interventions that help minimize anthropogenic pollutant source and socio-economic injustice/disparities may reduce the planetary threat posed by both COVID-19 and air pollution pandemics.

scholarly journals Response to “Re: Long-term exposure to air-pollution and COVID-19 mortality in England: A hierarchical spatial analysis”

2021 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 106427
Author(s):  
Garyfallos Konstantinoudis ◽  
Tullia Padellini ◽  
James Bennett ◽  
Bethan Davies ◽  
Majid Ezzati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Spatial Analysis

scholarly journals Systemic Inflammation (C-Reactive Protein) in Older Chinese Adults Is Associated with Long-Term Exposure to Ambient Air Pollution

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (6) ◽  
pp. 3258
Author(s):  
Mona Elbarbary ◽  
Artem Oganesyan ◽  
Trenton Honda ◽  
Geoffrey Morgan ◽  
Yuming Guo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Systemic Inflammation ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Chinese Adults ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Older Chinese ◽  
Older Chinese Adults

There is an established association between air pollution and cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is likely to be mediated by systemic inflammation. The present study evaluated links between long-term exposure to ambient air pollution and high-sensitivity C reactive protein (hs-CRP) in an older Chinese adult cohort (n = 7915) enrolled in the World Health Organization (WHO) study on global aging and adult health (SAGE) China Wave 1 in 2008–2010. Multilevel linear and logistic regression models were used to assess the associations of particulate matter (PM) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) on log-transformed hs-CRP levels and odds ratios of CVD risk derived from CRP levels adjusted for confounders. A satellite-based spatial statistical model was applied to estimate the average community exposure to outdoor air pollutants (PM with an aerodynamic diameter of 10 μm or less (PM10), 2.5 μm or less (PM2.5), and 1 μm or less (PM1) and NO2) for each participant of the study. hs-CRP levels were drawn from dried blood spots of each participant. Each 10 μg/m3 increment in PM10, PM2.5, PM1, and NO2 was associated with 12.8% (95% confidence interval; (CI): 9.1, 16.6), 15.7% (95% CI: 10.9, 20.8), 10.2% (95% CI: 7.3, 13.2), and 11.8% (95% CI: 7.9, 15.8) higher serum levels of hs-CRP, respectively. Our findings suggest that air pollution may be an important factor in increasing systemic inflammation in older Chinese adults.

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