Specific leaf area and needle weight of Norway spruce (Piceaabies) in stands of different densities

1985 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 389-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hager ◽  
H. Sterba
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Polynomial Regression ◽  
Regression Function ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Spruce Stands ◽  
A Minor

During an investigation on the effects of differing stand densities on biomass distribution, owing to thinning in 17-year-old Norway spruce stands, specific leaf area (SLA) and 100-needle dry mass were measured for three diameter at breast height (DBH) classes, five canopy sections, and two needle age-classes. Mean SLA was found to be 50 ± 17 cm2/g. High correlation of SLA and 100-needle dry mass with DBH, crown position, and needle age was found. Older needles had a lower mean SLA than the current years needles, while they did not differ significantly in their 100-needles dry mass. Thinning proved to be a minor factor for foliage variability, since DBH, which is dependent upon thinning and the trees competitive status, explained a major part of variation in leaf morphology. A third-degree polynomial regression function could be developed to predict SLA from 100-needle dry mass. This function shows wide validity. It applies to all DBH classes and crown sections. It also shows good fit for older trees from totally different sites. To predict the total leaf area of a crown stratum, only the dry mass of 100 needles and the total needle biomass of the stratum must be known.

Foliage height influences specific leaf area of three conifer species

2003 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 164-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
John D Marshall ◽  
Robert A Monserud
Keyword(s):  
Water Potential ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Pinus Ponderosa ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Ponderosa Pine ◽  
Branch Length ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Process Models ◽  
Pinus Monticola ◽  
Northern Idaho

Specific leaf area (SLA), the ratio of projected leaf area to leaf dry mass, is a critical parameter in many forest process models. SLA describes the efficiency with which the leaf captures light relative to the biomass invested in the leaf. It increases from top to bottom of a canopy, but it is unclear why. We sampled stands with low and elevated canopies (young and old stands) to determine whether SLA is related to water potential, as inferred from branch height and length, or shade, as inferred from branch position relative to the rest of the canopy, or both. We studied western white pine (Pinus monticola Dougl. ex D. Don), ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex P. & C. Laws.), and interior Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii (Mirb.) Franco var. glauca) in northern Idaho. SLA decreased with branch height (P < 0.0001) at rates that varied among species (P < 0.0001). Branch length had no influence on SLA (P = 0.85). We detected no differences with canopy elevation (P = 0.90), but the slopes of lines relating SLA to branch height may have differed between the canopy elevation classes (P = 0.039). The results are consistent with predictions based on the hypothesis that SLA decreases as the gravitational component of water potential falls. The lack of a strong shading effect simplifies the estimation of canopy SLA for process models, requiring only species and branch heights.

scholarly journals Concentration and periods of application of prohexadione calcium in the growth of strawberry seedlings

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 1937 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Farias Barreto ◽  
Leticia Vanni Ferreira ◽  
Savana Irribarem Costa ◽  
Andressa Vighi Schiavon ◽  
Tais Barbosa Becker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Chlorophyll Concentration ◽  
Growth Control ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Energy Costs ◽  
Petiole Length ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Control Growth ◽  
Prohexadione Calcium

For strawberry cultivation in Brazil, producers are dependent on imported seedlings. An alternative strategy to reduce this dependence is the use of seedlings obtained from nursery plants grown in a protected environment. However, as these seedlings are produced in the summer and planted at the end of this season or the spring of the following year, it is necessary to control growth to reduce the energy costs of the plants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different concentrations and periods of application of proexadione calcium (ProCa) on growth control of strawberry seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse with seedlings of the cultivars ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’, produced by rooting stolons and kept in polystyrene trays of 72 cells in a substrate of carbonized rice husk. The experimental design was completely randomized, with a 4 × 2 factorial scheme (4 concentrations of ProCa: 0, 100, 200, and 400 mg L-1 × 2 periods of application: at 20 and 30 days after the planting period of rooting stolon). Plant survival, crown diameter, petiole length, total leaf area, specific leaf area, chlorophyll concentration, and dry mass of the crown and shoot were evaluated. The application of ProCa at 20 days after the planting period of the rooting stolon at the concentrations of 200 and 400 mg L-1 favored the reduction of petiole length in plants of ‘Aromas’ strawberry and total leaf aerial in ‘Camarosa’ strawberry. The application of ProCa from the concentration of 100 mg L-1 reduced the vegetative growth of ‘Aromas’ and ‘Camarosa’ strawberry seedlings cultivated in substrate.

Evaluation of vegetative growth traits and their relation to time to first flowering of olive seedlings

2003 ◽  
Vol 54 (4) ◽  
pp. 371 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. S. Pritsa ◽  
D. G. Voyiatzis ◽  
C. J. Voyiatzi ◽  
M. S. Sotiriou
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Leaf Shape ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Total Leaf ◽  
Vegetative Traits ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Shape Characteristics

The aim of this work was to assess growth traits during the initial developmental stages of olive seedlings, which could be correlated to time to first flowering, facilitating fast selection in olive breeding programs. The experimental material consisted of 232 olive seedlings derived from controlled crosses of 'Kalamon' with self (KA × KA), with 'Amphissis' (KA × AM), and with 'Koroneiki' (KA × KO) and from open pollination of 'Kalamon', 'Amphissis', 'Koroneiki', 'Chalkidikis', and 'Manzanillo'. Vegetative traits of the seedlings, including canopy height and diameter, length of lateral vegetation, number of leaves, mean and total leaf area per plant, leaf shape characteristics, and specific leaf area (SLA), were recorded until 15 months after sowing. The first seedlings to initiate flowers, 4 years after sowing, were also recorded. The existence of correlations between the above growth traits and time to first flowering was investigated. In single-branched seedlings 6 months after sowing, height measured at this stage was significantly correlated with the mean and total leaf area per plant, specific leaf area, and other vegetative traits measured 15 months after sowing. Seedlings with high values of these parameters were the first to initiate flowers 33 months later. Our results indicated that pre-selection of olive seedlings for earliness of first flowering is possible, based on vegetative characteristics assessed very early in their development.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Photon Flux, Photoperiod, and CO2 Concentration Affect Growth and Morphology of Lettuce Plug Transplants

HortScience ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 33 (6) ◽  
pp. 988-991 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoshiaki Kitaya ◽  
Genhua Niu ◽  
Toyoki Kozai ◽  
Maki Ohashi
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Leaf Length ◽  
Leaf Number ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Photosynthetic Photon Flux ◽  
Hypocotyl Length ◽  
R Ratio ◽  
Four Levels

Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. cv. Summer-green) plug transplants were grown for 3 weeks under 16 combinations of four levels (100, 150, 200, and 300 μmol·m-2·s-1) of photosynthetic photon flux (PPF), two photoperiods (16 and 24 h), and two levels of CO2 (400 and 800 μmol·mol-1) in growth chambers maintained at an air temperature of 20 ±2 °C. As PPF increased, dry mass (DM), percent DM, and leaf number increased, while ratio of shoot to root dry mass (S/R), ratio of leaf length to leaf width (LL/LW), specific leaf area, and hypocotyl length decreased. At the same PPF, DM was increased by 25% to 100% and 10% to 100% with extended photoperiod and elevated CO2 concentration, respectively. Dry mass, percent DM, and leaf number increased linearly with daily light integral (DLI, the product of PPF and photoperiod), while S/R, specific leaf area, LL/LW and hypocotyl length decreased as DLI increased under each CO2 concentration. Hypocotyl length was influenced by PPF and photoperiod, but not by CO2 concentration. Leaf morphology, which can be reflected by LL/LW, was substantially influenced by PPF at 100 to 200 μmol·m-2·s-1, but not at 200 to 300 μmol·m-2·s-1. At the same DLI, the longer photoperiod promoted growth under the low CO2 concentration, but not under the high CO2 concentration. Longer photoperiod and/or higher CO2 concentration compensated for a low PPF.

scholarly journals Photosynthetic Active Pigments Changes in Norway Spruce (Picea abies) under the Different Acclimation Irradiation and Elevated CO2 Content

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Miroslav Kvíčala ◽  
Eva Lacková ◽  
Lenka Urbancová
Keyword(s):  
Stress Response ◽  
Picea Abies ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Norway Spruce ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Active Radiation ◽  
Elevated Concentration ◽  
Active Radiation ◽  
Stimulation Of

Photosynthetic active pigments content (chlorophylls and carotenoids) in Norway spruce (Picea abies) needles was measured by absorption spectroscopy. Norway spruce was exposed to low and high photosynthetic active radiation and ambient and elevated CO2 concentration. It was investigated that combination of low photosynthetic active radiation and elevated concentration of CO2 resulted in stimulation of chlorophylls and carotenoids production. Combination of high photosynthetic active radiation and elevated CO2 concentration led to overall chlorophylls and carotenoids content decrease. Moreover, specific leaf area trend could be used as a potentially reliable indicator of plant stress response.

scholarly journals Allometry Between Vegetative and Reproductive Traits in Orchids

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing-Qiu Feng ◽  
Feng-Ping Zhang ◽  
Jia-Lin Huang ◽  
Hong Hu ◽  
Shi-Bao Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Unit Area ◽  
Large Diameter ◽  
Reproductive Traits ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Reproductive Organs ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Organs ◽  
Leaf Dry Mass ◽  
Inflorescence Length

In flowering plants, inflorescence characteristics influence both seed set and pollen contribution, while inflorescence and peduncle size can be correlated with biomass allocation to reproductive organs. Peduncles also play a role in water and nutrient supply of flowers, and mechanical support. However, it is currently unclear whether inflorescence size is correlated with peduncle size. Here, we tested whether orchids with large diameter peduncles bear more and larger flowers than those with smaller peduncles by analyzing 10 traits of inflorescence, flower, and leaf in 26 species. Peduncle diameters were positively correlated with inflorescence length and total floral area, indicating that species with larger peduncles tended to have larger inflorescences and larger flowers. We also found strongly positive correlation between inflorescence length and leaf area, and between total floral area and total leaf area, which suggested that reproductive organs may be allometrically coordinated with vegetative organs. However, neither flower number nor floral dry mass per unit area were correlated with leaf number or leaf dry mass per unit area, implying that the function between leaf and flower was uncoupled. Our findings provided a new insight for understanding the evolution of orchids, and for horticulturalists interested in improving floral and inflorescence traits in orchids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of leaf and root absorptions of glyphosate in the growth of coffee plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edimilson Alves Barbosa ◽  
Isabel Moreira da Silva ◽  
André Cabral França ◽  
Enilson de Barros Silva ◽  
Christiano da Conceição de Matos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Initial Growth ◽  
Mass Ratio ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Reduced Dose ◽  
Number Of Leaves ◽  
Coffee Plants ◽  
Two Parameters ◽  
Hydroponic Conditions

ABSTRACT Intoxication by dispersion of glyphosate droplets in coffee seedlings is common and, in addition to the problem of drift, there are reports of contamination of this herbicide to a nontarget plant via the rhizosphere. Hydroponics allows the comparison of the translocation of the glyphosate absorbed by the foliage or the roots and avoids the interaction with the soil, which could hamper the achievement of more accurate conclusions when it is absorbed by the root. Thus, the toxicity of glyphosate sublethal dosages in the initial growth of coffee plants in hydroponics was evaluated by applying four sublethal dosages in two different locations (solution and leaf). Fifty days after the application of the herbicide, the intoxication percentage and the growth of the coffee seedlings were evaluated. From the reduced dose of 115.2 g·ha-1 of glyphosate, height reductions, root length; number of leaves, dry mass of leaf, roots and total, leaf area, and leaf mass ratio were observed. The first two parameters were observed only in leaf application and the others via leaf and solution. The aerial part–root ratio system had an increase in herbicide sublethal dosages when applied to leaves and the ratio of leaf area and specific leaf area increased in both applications. Sublethal dosages of glyphosate applied to young coffee plants under hydroponic conditions impair their growth, and it is more accentuated with increasing doses and when the leaves, instead of the roots, absorb the herbicide.

Needle longevity of Scots pine in relation to foliar nitrogen content, specific leaf area, and shoot growth in different forest types

2002 ◽  
Vol 32 (7) ◽  
pp. 1225-1231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margus Pensa ◽  
Arne Sellin
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Content ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Scots Pine ◽  
Specific Leaf Area ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Forest Types ◽  
Needle Age ◽  
Needle Longevity ◽  
Length Increment

The aim of the study was to examine whether the variation in needle longevity of Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) is of a community-specific nature. Altogether 300 trees were examined in Vaccinium, dry heath, and pine bog forests in Estonia. Mean number of needle age-classes was 4.1 for all forest types, while mean survivorship of needles averaged 70% in Vaccinium forests and 80% in the others (p < 0.01). Mean mass-based nitrogen content (Nm) of the needles was the highest in Vaccinium forests (11.8 mg·g–1, p < 0.05) and lower in dry heath (10.4 mg·g–1) and pine bog (9.8 mg·g–1) forests. Specific leaf area (SLA) did not differ between Vaccinium (6.3 mm2·mg–1) and dry heath (6.0 mm2·mg–1) forests but was lower in pine bog forests (5.5 mm2·mg–1, p < 0.05). Shoot length increment was the smallest in pine bog forests (45.1 mm·year–1, p < 0.05) and did not differ between Vaccinium (92.2 mm·year–1) and dry heath (95.2 mm·year–1) forests. Our findings confirm that the small-scale variation in needle longevity of Scots pine has a community-specific pattern and is in accordance with the trends in Nm and SLA.

scholarly journals Silicate and phosphate combinations for marandu palisadegrass growing on an oxisol

2007 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 275-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzana Pereira de Melo ◽  
Francisco Antonio Monteiro ◽  
Daniel Manfredini
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Mass Production ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Dry Mass ◽  
Phosphorus Availability ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Brachiaria Brizantha ◽  
Total Leaf Area ◽  
Low Concentrations

One of the greatest problems for pasture establishment and maintenance are the extremely low concentrations of available phosphorus in soils. The objective of this study was to evaluate the influences on productive and physiologic attributes during Marandu palisadegrass (Brachiaria brizantha) establishment, following changes in phosphorus availability in the soil through the applications of phosphate and silicate. To achieve this, a fractionated factorial 5² design was used, with 13 combinations for silicon and phosphorus, respectively, in mg dm-3: 150 and 10; 150 and 170; 150 and 330; 225 and 90; 225 and 250; 300 and 10; 300 and 170; 300 and 330; 375 and 90; 375 and 250; 450 and 10; 450 and 170 and 450 and 330, distributed according to randomized blocks, with four replications. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using samples of a Typic Haplustox (760 g kg-1 sand, 40 g kg-1 silt and 200 g kg-1 clay). Wollastonite was used as the source of silicate and the sources of phosphorus were Ca(H2PO4)2, KH2PO4 and NaH2PO4. Marandu palisadegrass was grown during the summer and two harvests were made during the growing season. Significant interaction between phosphorus and silicate rates was found for the number of tillers and expanded green leaves, total leaf area, dry mass production of leaf laminae and culms with sheaths, and dry mass production of plant tops. Maximum responses of the analyzed variables were reached in the combination of the intermediate rates of phosphorus (170 and 250 mg dm-3) with high rates of silicon (375 and 450 mg dm-3).

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