scholarly journals Presence of Arcobacter species in pet cats and dogs in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 449-455
Author(s):  
M. Pejchalova ◽  
S. Zabcikova ◽  
L. Silhova ◽  
D. Silha ◽  
I. Brozkova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Gel Electrophoresis ◽  
Dna Isolation ◽  
Human Infection ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Arcobacter Butzleri ◽  
Polymerase Chain

This study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence of the genus Arcobacter in cats and dogs in the Czech Republic. These animals may be carriers of the bacteria and potential sources of human infection. Oral smears were collected from animals using smear swabs and brushes. Based on previous studies, commercially available DNA kits were used for DNA isolation. Samples were analysed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and evaluated using gel electrophoresis. Overall, 178 oral smears were tested, of which 108 were from dogs and 70 were from cats. Out of all smears, five were positive, of which four samples were from dogs and one from a cat. In all five positive cases, PCR confirmed the presence of Arcobacter butzleri. In follow-up sampling, the presence of Arcobacter butzleri was demonstrated in two samples from a dog.

scholarly journals PCR detection of Bartonella spp. in the dog

2014 ◽  
Vol 83 (2) ◽  
pp. 79-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmila Konvalinová ◽  
Vlasta Svobodová ◽  
Dobromila Molinková ◽  
Miroslav Svoboda
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Bartonella Henselae ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Two Samples ◽  
Healthy Dogs ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
First Time

Our study aimed at using PCR to identify the incidence ofBartonellaspp. in blood of dogs. Altogether 286 dogs of 92 breeds aged 3 month to 17 years were tested from October 2008 to December 2009. Healthy dogs as well as dogs with various clinical symptoms of disease were included in the group. Samples were tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) specific for the presence ofBartonellaspp. Following the DNA examination in 286 dogs by PCR and subsequent sequencing, two samples were identified asBartonella henselae(0.7%). Other species ofBartonellawere not found. It was the first time in the Czech Republic when incidence ofBartonellaspp. was determined in dogs.

scholarly journals Preliminary Study of Sars-Cov-2 Occurrence in Wastewater in the Czech Republic

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (15) ◽  
pp. 5508 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hana Mlejnkova ◽  
Katerina Sovova ◽  
Petra Vasickova ◽  
Vera Ocenaskova ◽  
Lucie Jasikova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Untreated Wastewater ◽  
Preliminary Study ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The virus SARS-CoV-2, which has caused the recent COVID-19 pandemic, may be present in the stools of COVID-19 patients. Therefore, we aimed to detect SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater for surveillance of SARS-CoV-2 in the population. Samples of untreated wastewater were collected from 33 wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) of different sizes within the Czech Republic. SARS-CoV-2 RNA was concentrated from wastewater and viral RNA was determined using real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). SARS-CoV-2 RNA was detected in 11.6% of samples and more than 27.3% of WWTPs; in some of them, SARS-CoV-2 was detected repeatedly. Our preliminary results indicate that an epidemiology approach that focuses on the determination of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater could be suitable for SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in the population.

scholarly journals Gene typing of the colonisation factor K88 (F4) in enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic piglets

2001 ◽  
Vol 46 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 46-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Alexa ◽  
K. Štouračová ◽  
J. Hamřík ◽  
I. Rychlík
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Gene Typing ◽  
Brush Borders ◽  
Variant Genotype ◽  
Polymerase Chain

More than 4 000 E. coli strains isolated from diarrhoeic piglets in 111 pig herds in the Czech Republic during the period 1995–2000 were examined for serogroup and virulence factors. Gene typing of the K88 marker by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used for the examination of 283 enterotoxigenic strains (ETEC) which agglutinated with antisera against K88 or adhered to intestinal brush borders. The K88 gene was detected in 237 strains; among them 232 strains possesed the K88 variant. Genotype K88ab was found in two strains of the serogroup O8 from one herd and the gene K88ad was detected in three strains of the serogroup O8 originating from another herd. The results show that the type K88ac is predominant in ETEC strains with colonisation factors K88 in pig herds in the Czech Republic.

scholarly journals Characterisation of Trichodorus similis (Nematoda: Trichodoridae) associated with potato from the Czech Republic

2016 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 401-407
Author(s):  
M. Elshishka ◽  
V. Peneva ◽  
S. Lazarova ◽  
S. Kumari
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Morphological Variability ◽  
Genetic Data ◽  
Morphological Characters ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Additional Information ◽  
Specific Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Species Specific

Summary Trichodorus similis associated with potato in the Czech Republic was described and illustrated. This study provides additional information on morphometrical and morphological characters of T. similis and integrates morphological and genetic data obtained by species-specific polymerase chain reaction and sequencing (ITS1 and D2-D3 expansion segments of 28S rDNA). The knowledge on morphological variability and genetic diversity is extended, and a rapid and accurate molecular diagnostics was successfully applied.

scholarly journals Detection of selected antibiotic resistance genes using multiplex PCR assay in mastitis pathogens in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 167-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vladimir Pyatov ◽  
Irena Vrtková ◽  
Aleš Knoll
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Antibiotic Resistance Genes ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mastitis Pathogens

The aim of this research was to develop multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays for the detection of aminoglycoside (strA, strB), sulphonamide (sulI, sulII), tetracycline (tetA, tetB, tetK, tetM, tetO), macrolide and lincosamide (msrA, ermA, ermB, ermC, mefA/E) genes of resistance in mastitis pathogens (Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae and Streptococcus dysgalactiae). Applying the established assays, we investigated the distribution of antibiotic resistance genes in the above mentioned species isolated from milk samples in the Czech Republic. Each assay consisted of seven pairs of primers. Six of them amplified fragments of antibiotic resistance genes and one pair a fragment of a species specific gene. Polymerase chain reaction conditions were optimized to amplify seven gene fragments simultaneously in one reaction. In total, 249 isolates were used, among which 111 were positive for E. coli, 52 for S. aureus and 86 for Streptococcus spp. The majority (60.2%) of bacteria carried at least one antibiotic resistance gene and 44.6% were multidrug-resistant. The designed multiplex polymerase chain reaction assays may be applied as diagnostic method to replace or complement standard techniques of antibiotic susceptibility testing in the mentioned pathogens.

scholarly journals Fusarium spp. In wheat grain in the Czech Republic analysed by PCR method

2008 ◽  
Vol 43 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 135-137 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Nedělník ◽  
H. Moravcová ◽  
J. Hajšlová ◽  
K. Lancová ◽  
M. Váňová ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Wheat Grain ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Total Absence ◽  
Pcr Method ◽  
Fourth Species ◽  
Polymerase Chain

The frequency of occurrence of four <I>Fusarium</I> spp. on wheat in the Moravia region, Czech Republic, was determined by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Grain samples were collected during 2003–2006 at grain purchase centres. The dominant species was <I>F. graminearum</I>, which was recorded in all samples of the first 3 years of the study and in 88% of them in 2006. The previously more frequent <I>F. culmorum</I> was detected in 100 % of the samples only in 2005; in the preceding two years the frequency of its detection was lower, 84% and 60%, and in 2006 it was detected in 55% of the samples. <I>Fusarium avenaceum</I> had a very low occurrence in the years 2003–2004, but in 2005 it was recorded in 100% of the samples. In 2006 it was the opposite – total absence of this species. A quite different situation was found in the occurrence of the fourth species – <I>F. poae</I>. In the years 2005 and 2006 it was only detected in 10%, resp. 2% of the samples, compared to markedly higher occurrences in the previous years. A comparison of the current weather development with the long-term mean at the Troubsko locality suggests that years with a relatively long, wet and cold start of the growing season and warmer end of vegetation (late May–July) will favour <I>F. graminearum</I>.

scholarly journals Occurrence of the Root-Knot Nematode Meloidogyne hapla in the Czech Republic

Plant Disease ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-98
Author(s):  
M. Zouhar ◽  
P. Rysanek ◽  
B. Tesarova
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Causal Organism ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
The Past ◽  
Polymerase Chain

Meloidogyne hapla was detected in several commercial vegetable fields in the Province of Central Bohemia in the Czech Republic. Crops grown in the area of infestation include leek, onion, cauliflower, early potatoes, and carrot. During the past 2 to 3 years, growers have observed typical symptoms of Meloidogyne infection as stunting and galls on roots of carrot. Identification of the causal organism was based on microscopic observation of the perineal patterns of females obtained from root galls and polymerase chain reaction (1,2). Known isolates of M. chitwoodi, M. arenaria, M. javanica, M. incognita, and M. fallax from M. Phillips (SCRI, Dundee) and C. Zijlstra (PRI, Wageningen), and M. hapla from M. Liskova (PI, Kosice) were used as controls. M. hapla was identified in galled roots using both methods. Several fields with carrots were inspected in the area during vegetation in 2000 and 2001. In most fields, only isolated and limited outbreaks occurred, but recently, we observed a widespread and fairly homogeneous occurrence of root knot attributed to M. hapla in a 2-ha field. This nematode may become a more widespread and damaging pest, especially of carrot, in the Czech Republic. Other than carrot, vegetable crops grown in the area and tested in the greenhouse and field in soil highly infested by our isolates of M. hapla had no visible symptoms of infection. Therefore, exclusion of carrot cultivation or a longer crop rotation is recommended to minimize economic losses to growers. To our knowledge, this is the first report of the occurrence of M. hapla in the Czech Republic. References: (1) T. S. Harris et al. J. Nematol. 22:518, 1990. (2) C. Zijlstra et al. Genetics 85:1231, 1995.

scholarly journals Pathotypes of wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) and resistance of registered cultivars in the Czech Republic in 2012–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 122-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Hanzalová ◽  
P. Bartoš ◽  
T. Sumíková
Keyword(s):  
Czech Republic ◽  
Leaf Rust ◽  
Puccinia Triticina ◽  
Near Isogenic Lines ◽  
Wheat Leaf Rust ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Wheat Leaf ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Different Parts

In 2012–2015 the virulence of the wheat leaf rust (Puccinia triticina Eriks.) population was studied on Thatcher near-isogenic lines with Lr1, Lr2a, Lr2b, Lr2c, Lr3a, Lr9, Lr10, Lr11, Lr13, Lr15, Lr17, Lr19, Lr21, Lr23, Lr24, Lr26 and Lr28. Samples of leaf rust were obtained from different parts of the Czech Republic. A total of 163 wheat leaf rust isolates were analysed. No virulence for the resistance gene Lr9 was found. Virulence for Lr19 was found only in one isolate in 2015. A lower frequency of virulence to Lr24, Lr2a, 2b, 2c and Lr28 was also observed. The presence of Lr10, Lr24, Lr26, Lr28 and Lr37 in registered cultivars was detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) molecular markers.

scholarly journals Distribution of Two Formae Speciales of Polymyxa Graminis in the Czech Republic

2017 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-62
Author(s):  
L. Grimová ◽  
L. Winkowska ◽  
B. Špuláková ◽  
P. Růžičková ◽  
P. Ryšánek
Keyword(s):  
Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Czech Republic ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
The Czech Republic ◽  
Polymyxa Graminis ◽  
Formae Speciales ◽  
Crop Fields ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Mixed Populations

Abstract It has been shown that two formae speciales of P. graminis, namely f. sp. temperata (ribotype Pg-I) and f. sp. tepida (ribotype Pg-II), are widely distributed throughout temperate areas of Europe. In this study, the presence of both forms of the temperate Polymyxa spp. was identified in soil samples from different locations of the Czech Republic during a survey performed in 2012 and 2013. Based on polymerase chain reaction results, of the total 58 tested samples, 67.2% contained at least one monitored forma specialis. Specifically, P. graminis f. sp. temperata was detected in 48.3% of soil samples, while P. graminis f. sp. tepida was detected in 44.8% of samples. Mixed populations were found in 25.9% of the tested areas. This plasmodiophorid was confirmed not only in crop fields but also in meadows and forests in all explored regions. Our results extend the knowledge on the distribution of both ribotypes of P. graminis and provide the first evidence of f. sp. tepida within the Czech Republic.

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