Soil respiration and net ecosystem production under different tillage practices in semi-arid Northwest China

In semi-arid areas, increasing CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are threatening agricultural sustainability. It is unclear whether different tillage practices without residue returned could help alleviate these issues while increasing crop productivity. This study aimed to quantify soil respiration under conventional tillage (CT); rotary tillage (RT); subsoiling (SS) and no-till (NT), all without residue returned in the Western Loess Plateau. The results showed that SS and NT significantly decreased soil respiration compared to CT, but the effects of SS was the greatest. As a result, SS decreased carbon emission by 22% in 2014 and 19% in 2015 versus CT. The trends of net ecosystem production under different tillage systems were as follows: CT > RT > NT > SS. No-till increased net ecosystem production by 33% in 2014 and 12% in 2015 relative to CT. The SS treatment increased average grain yield by 27% and 23% over CT and RT, and enhanced water use efficiency by an average of 43%. On average, SS increased carbon emission efficiency by 60% and 43% compared to CT and RT, respectively. Thus, subsoiling management strategy is a promising option for the development of sustainable agriculture in semi-arid areas.

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Effects of rotational tillage practices on soil structure, organic carbon concentration and crop yields in semi-arid areas of northwest China

Soil Use and Management ◽

10.1111/j.1475-2743.2012.00429.x ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 28 (4) ◽

pp. 551-558 ◽

Cited By ~ 14

Author(s):

X. Q. Hou ◽

R. Li ◽

Z. K. Jia ◽

Q. F. Han ◽

B. P. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Organic Carbon ◽

Carbon Concentration ◽

Soil Structure ◽

Crop Yields ◽

Northwest China ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Tillage Practices ◽

Organic Carbon Concentration ◽

Semi Arid

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Consistent Effects of Canopy vs. Understory Nitrogen Addition on Soil Respiration and Net Ecosystem Production in Moso Bamboo Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12101427 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (10) ◽

pp. 1427

Author(s):

Chunju Cai ◽

Zhihan Yang ◽

Liang Liu ◽

Yunsen Lai ◽

Junjie Lei ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Carbon Cycling ◽

Forest Canopy ◽

Carbon Sink ◽

N Deposition ◽

Net Ecosystem Production ◽

Moso Bamboo ◽

Atmospheric N Deposition ◽

Ecosystem Carbon ◽

Ecosystem Production

Nitrogen (N) deposition has been well documented to cause substantial impacts on ecosystem carbon cycling. However, the majority studies of stimulating N deposition by direct N addition to forest floor have neglected some key ecological processes in forest canopy (e.g., N retention and absorption) and might not fully represent realistic atmospheric N deposition and its effects on ecosystem carbon cycling. In this study, we stimulated both canopy and understory N deposition (50 and 100 kg N ha−1 year−1) with a local atmospheric NHx:NOy ratio of 2.08:1, aiming to assess whether canopy and understory N deposition had similar effects on soil respiration (RS) and net ecosystem production (NEP) in Moso bamboo forests. Results showed that RS, soil autotrophic (RA), and heterotrophic respiration (RH) were 2971 ± 597, 1472 ± 579, and 1499 ± 56 g CO2 m−2 year−1 for sites without N deposition (CN0), respectively. Canopy and understory N deposition did not significantly affect RS, RA, and RH, and the effects of canopy and understory N deposition on these soil fluxes were similar. NEP was 1940 ± 826 g CO2 m−2 year−1 for CN0, which was a carbon sink, indicating that Moso bamboo forest the potential to play an important role alleviating global climate change. Meanwhile, the effects of canopy and understory N deposition on NEP were similar. These findings did not support the previous predictions postulating that understory N deposition would overestimate the effects of N deposition on carbon cycling. However, due to the limitation of short duration of N deposition, an increase in the duration of N deposition manipulation is urgent and essential to enhance our understanding of the role of canopy processes in ecosystem carbon fluxes in the future.

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Net ecosystem production in the arid land in northwest China from 1982 to 2001

10.1117/12.836463 ◽

2009 ◽

Author(s):

Shunli Chang ◽

Qingdong Shi

Keyword(s):

Northwest China ◽

Net Ecosystem Production ◽

Arid Land ◽

Ecosystem Production

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Soil respiration and net ecosystem production in relation to intensive management in Moso bamboo forests

CATENA ◽

10.1016/j.catena.2015.09.008 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 137 ◽

pp. 219-228 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Xiaolu Tang ◽

Shaohui Fan ◽

Lianghua Qi ◽

Fengying Guan ◽

Manyi Du ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Respiration ◽

Net Ecosystem Production ◽

Moso Bamboo ◽

Intensive Management ◽

Ecosystem Production

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Land Cover and Land Use Change Decreases Net Ecosystem Production in Tropical Peatlands of West Kalimantan, Indonesia

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12111587 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (11) ◽

pp. 1587

Author(s):

Imam Basuki ◽

J. Boone Kauffman ◽

James T. Peterson ◽

Gusti Z. Anshari ◽

Daniel Murdiyarso

Keyword(s):

Land Use ◽

Land Use Change ◽

Soil Respiration ◽

Primary Production ◽

Oil Palm ◽

Net Primary Production ◽

Net Ecosystem Production ◽

Carbon Sinks ◽

Peat Swamp ◽

Ecosystem Production

Deforested and converted tropical peat swamp forests are susceptible to fires and are a major source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. However, information on the influence of land-use change (LUC) on the carbon dynamics in these disturbed peat forests is limited. This study aimed to quantify soil respiration (heterotrophic and autotrophic), net primary production (NPP), and net ecosystem production (NEP) in peat swamp forests, partially logged forests, early seral grasslands (deforested peat), and smallholder-oil palm estates (converted peat). Peat swamp forests (PSF) showed similar soil respiration with logged forests (LPSF) and oil palm (OP) estates (37.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, 40.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, and 38.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively), but higher than early seral (ES) grassland sites (30.7 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1). NPP of intact peat forests (13.2 Mg C ha−1 yr−1) was significantly greater than LPSF (11.1 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), ES (10.8 Mg C ha−1 yr−1), and OP (3.7 Mg C ha−1 yr−1). Peat swamp forests and seral grasslands were net carbon sinks (10.8 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1 and 9.1 CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively). In contrast, logged forests and oil palm estates were net carbon sources; they had negative mean Net Ecosystem Production (NEP) values (−0.1 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1 and −25.1 Mg CO2 ha−1 yr−1, respectively). The shift from carbon sinks to sources associated with land-use change was principally due to a decreased Net Primary Production (NPP) rather than increased soil respiration. Conservation of the remaining peat swamp forests and rehabilitation of deforested peatlands are crucial in GHG emission reduction programs.

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Incorporation of Manure into Ridge and Furrow Planting System Boosts Yields of Maize by Optimizing Soil Moisture and Improving Photosynthesis

Agronomy ◽

10.3390/agronomy9120865 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 9 (12) ◽

pp. 865 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anzhen Qin ◽

Yanjie Fang ◽

Dongfeng Ning ◽

Zhandong Liu ◽

Ben Zhao ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Soil Moisture ◽

Soil Water ◽

Loess Plateau ◽

Cropping System ◽

Northwest China ◽

Chemical Fertilizer ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Grain Yields ◽

Semi Arid ◽

Planting System

A sustainable management strategy of soil fertility and cropping system is critical to guaranteeing food security. However, little is known about the effects of soil amendment strategies on crop growth via regulating soil moisture and photosynthesis in a ridge and furrow cropping system. Here, field experiments were carried out in 2017 and 2018 in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau, northwest China to investigate the effects of integrated use of ridge and furrow planting and manure amendment on grain yields of maize. Four treatments were designed: CK (flat planting with 100% chemical fertilizer), RFC (ridge and furrow planting with 100% chemical fertilizer), RFR (ridge and furrow planting with 100% control-released fertilizer), and RFM (ridge and furrow planting with 50% manure fertilizer + 50% N fertilizer). On average, RFM increased photosynthetic rates (Pn) by 74%, followed by RFR by 47%, and RFC by 26%, compared to CK. Also, stomatal conductance (Cd), transpiration rates (Tr), and intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci) were highest with RFM, followed by RFR and RFC. Averaged across the two years, RFM conserved 10% more soil water storage (SWS) than CK did at harvest, followed by RFR with an increment by 8%. However, RFC consumed more soil water than CK did, with its ETc 8% higher than CK. Consequently, spring maize treated with RFM suffered less drought stress, especially in 2017 when precipitation was insufficient. On average, grain yields and water use efficiency of RFM were increased by 18% and 27%, compared to CK. Structural equation modeling analysis showed that there existed significant positive correlation between SWS in top layers and grain yields, while SWS in deep layers had negative effects on grain yields. In conclusion, the incorporation of manure into ridge and furrow planting system can be an efficient agronomic practice to improve plant photosynthesis, optimize soil moisture, and boost grain yields in semi-arid areas of Loess Plateau, northwest China.

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Good Water Governance for the Sustainable Development of the Arid and Semi-arid Areas of Northwest China

IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science ◽

10.1088/1755-1315/199/2/022033 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 199 ◽

pp. 022033

Author(s):

Shengqing Xu ◽

Jun Ou

Keyword(s):

Sustainable Development ◽

Water Governance ◽

Northwest China ◽

Arid Areas ◽

The Sustainable Development ◽

Semi Arid

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Spatial Characteristics of Deep-Developed Boundary Layers and Numerical Simulation Applicability over Arid and Semi-Arid Regions in Northwest China

Atmosphere ◽

10.3390/atmos10040195 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Ma ◽

Tan ◽

Ding ◽

Chen ◽

Yang

Keyword(s):

Numerical Simulation ◽

Boundary Layer ◽

Arid Region ◽

Arid Regions ◽

Northwest China ◽

Late Spring ◽

Arid Areas ◽

Layer Height ◽

Boundary Layer Height ◽

Semi Arid

The spatial distribution and long-time variation of the deep-developed boundary layer are not well understood in arid and semi-arid regions of northwest China. ERA-Interim (ECMWF Reanalysis data, ECMWF: European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts) were used to study the deep-developed boundary layer in the five representative areas in summer and then the Weather Research Forecast (WRF) model was applied to simulate and verify its applicability. The results show that the boundary layer heights in the five representative areas are higher in late spring and summer (the highest is 2485~3502 m in June) and lower in autumn, winter and early spring (the lowest is 758~907 m in December). The seasonal variations of the boundary layer height are smaller at 02:00 BJT and 08:00 BJT, while the variations are relatively larger at 14:00 BJT and 20:00 BJT. The atmospheric boundary layer, with heights over 4000 m, generally exists in late spring and summer. The boundary layer heights are higher in the arid region than in the semi-arid region and the deep-developed boundary layer lasts longer in the arid region. The boundary layer heights present reductions from the northwest to the southeast, except for Minqin in the middle north. The numerical simulation results show that there is a significant difference between different combinations of parameterization schemes to simulate the deep-developed boundary layer in these areas. The combination Goddard+SLAB+ACM2 performs better in the extreme arid area, Dunhuang, and the arid areas, Jiuquan and Minqin, whereas the simulation effect of the combination Dudhia+Noah+ACM2 is better in the semi-arid areas, Yuzhong and Lanzhou. The difference between the schemes is related to the determination of the boundary layer height.

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