scholarly journals Soil-terrain modelling and erosion analysis at field scale level, a case study

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 84-90
Author(s):  
T. Zádorová ◽  
L. Brodský ◽  
M. Rohošková
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Structure Prediction ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Digital Terrain Model ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Topographic Wetness Index ◽  
Study Plot ◽  
Geological Conditions ◽  
Soil Cover Structure

Pedometrical methods and digital soil mapping represent a progressive approach to the evaluation of various terrain-related soil processes. A detailed digital terrain model was used for the analysis of erosion – sedimentation situation and description of specific soil properties at meso-relief scale. A study plot in Central Bohemia (area 4 ha) with highly diversified geological conditions was chosen for the study combining digital modelling with a detailed terrain survey and laboratory analysis. The curvature and topographic wetness index values were the main features for the accumulation and soil loss areas evaluation. The terrain survey and DTM results corresponded in the case of the soil cover structure and soil depth, showing a vast impact of accelerated water erosion and direct tillage erosion on the soil redistribution. In the concave and base slope positions, colluvial soils were identified, while Regosols with A–C profile stratigraphy form in the upper convex parts of the study plot. Particular soil properties distribution (pH, organic carbon content, texture) is, besides erosion, significantly influenced by parent rock variation and the relation to the terrain characteristics is less distinctive. The study showed a significant impact of the terrain properties on the general material redistribution and the possibility of soil cover structure prediction in areas with complicated geological conditions.

scholarly journals Proposal for a method for Colluvisol delineation in Chernozem region

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 215-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Zádorová ◽  
T. Chuman ◽  
L. Šefrna
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Loess Area ◽  
Significant Element ◽  
Degradation Factor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Distinct Character

Erosion, which is one of the most important exogenous processes forming the landscape, has become a main degradation factor affecting agroecosystems. One of the direct erosion effects is a change in the soil cover structure. Colluvisols, originating in the material accumulated in depressions and foot part of slopes, represent a significant element in such a segmented soil mosaic. In the Chernozem loess area of Žďánický les, a method of areal delimitation of Colluvisols was proposed. Considering the homogeneity of the relative soil properties, the terrain morfometric characteristics (slope, profile curvature, and plan curvature) were applied as the main criteria. The final map reflects specifically the general zones of potential Colluvisol formation, such as lateral valleys and slope bases – floodplain interfaces. In the locality under study (size 3 ha), the microrelief evaluation of the colluvial process was proceeded particularly in a colluvial-alluvial zone. The results showed a significant difference between the soil properties of adjacent Colluvisol and Fluvisol resulting mainly from the distinct character of sedimentation.

scholarly journals Effects of living cover on the soil microbial communities and ecosystem functions of hazelnut orchard

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxu Ma ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Sihao Hou ◽  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Lisong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Structure ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Enzymes ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Microbial Function ◽  
Management Measure

Abstract Background: Living covers are an important management measure for orchards in China, which has a certain influence on soil properties, microorganisms and micro-ecological environment. However, there are few studies on the effects of living covers on the soil changes in hazelnut orchard. In this study, we compared living cover treatment by Vulpia myuros and no cover treatment, and analyzed the changes on the soil properties, microorganisms and microbial function by using high-throughput ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. Results: The consequences demonstrated that the total organic carbon content of living cover treatment in the 20-40 cm soils increased by 32.87 % and 14.82 % respectively in May and July compared with no cover treatment, and living cover treatment by Vulpia myuros can also significantly increased the contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP) and available potassium (AK) in the soil samples. Moreover, the influence of seasons is not as significant as that of soil depth. The living cover treatment significantly improved the soil enzymes activity levels. Among the four kind of soil enzymes, the soil invertase activity of living cover treatment was 50.94 % greater than that of no cover treatment in 0-20 cm soils and 52.17 % in 20-40 cm soils in May. The consequences demonstrated that Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phylum in all samples, while Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phylum, but different treatments impacted the composition of fungal and bacterial communities. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that living cover with Vulpia myuros significantly changed the soil fungal community structure whereas the bacterial community structure may be more sensitive to seasonal changes. At the microbial functional level, the pathotrophs, saprotrophs and symbiotrophs accounted for approximately 36.69 %, 49.80 % and 2.59 % of no cover treatment fungal OTUs respectively whereas in living cover treatment was 19.76 %, 41.51 % and 6.89 %. Conclusions: According to this study, we believe that the living cover with Vulpia myuros has a favorable regulating influence on soil properties, microbial community and microbial function, and can be considered as a management measure for hazelnut orchards management.

scholarly journals Effects of Living Cover on the Soil Microbial Communities and Ecosystem Functions of Hazelnut Orchards

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenxu Ma ◽  
Zhen Yang ◽  
Sihao Hou ◽  
Qinghua Ma ◽  
Lisong Liang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Microbial Communities ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Soil Microbial Communities ◽  
Ecosystem Functions ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Community Structures ◽  
Management Measure

Living cover is an important management measure for orchards in China, and has certain influences on soil properties, microorganisms, and the micro-ecological environment. However, there are few studies on the effects of living cover on the soil changes in hazelnut orchards. In this study, we compared the soils of living cover treatments with Vulpia myuros and the soils of no cover treatments, and analyzed the observed changes in soil properties, microorganisms, and microbial functions by using high-throughput ITS rDNA and 16S rRNA gene Illumina sequencing. The results demonstrated that the total organic carbon content in the 20–40 cm deep soils under the living cover treatments increased by 32.87 and 14.82% in May and July, respectively, compared with those under the no cover treatments. The living cover treatment with V. myuros also significantly increased the contents of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK) in the soil samples. Moreover, the influence of seasons was not as significant as that of soil depth. The living cover treatment also significantly improved the soil enzyme activity levels. The results demonstrated that Ascomycota, Mortierellomycota and Basidiomycota were the dominant fungal phyla in all samples, while Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Firmicutes, and Chloroflexi were the dominant bacterial phyla, but the different treatments impacted the compositions of fungal and bacterial communities. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that living cover with V. myuros significantly changed the soil fungal community structures whereas the bacterial community structures may be more sensitive to seasonal changes. At the microbial functional level, the living cover treatment increased the fungal operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of symbiotrophs and decreased that of pathotrophs. According to this study, we believe that the application of a living cover with V. myuros has a favorable regulating influence on soil properties, microbial communities and microbial function. This treatment can also reduce the use of herbicides, reduce the cost of orchard management, and store more carbon underground to achieve sustainable intensification of production in hazelnut orchards, so it can be considered as a management measure for hazelnut orchards.

Spatial variability of soil properties and 2,4-D sorption in a hummocky field as affected by landscape position and soil depth

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (1) ◽  
pp. 89-95 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeanette Gaultier ◽  
Annemieke Farenhorst ◽  
Gary Crow
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Landscape Position ◽  
Carbonate Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Carbonate

Since pesticide fate and leaching models increasingly incorporate spatial variability, the objective of this study was to quantify the variability of soil properties and 2,4-D sorption within a hummocky field as affected by landscape position and soil depth. Seventy-two soil cores collected at 5-m intervals along a transect were segmented by soil horizon (A, B and C) and landscape position (upper, mid, lower and depression). As expected, soil organic carbon content significantly decreased, and soil pH and soil carbonate content significantly increased with soil depth, while clay content was significantly greater in the B horizon than the A and C horizon. Soils from the depressional area generally had higher soil organic carbon content, soil carbonate content, clay content and soil pH than soil samples from other slope positions. The sorption of 2,4-D by soil was positively correlated with soil organic matter content and negatively correlated with soil carbonate content. These soil properties and herbicide sorption varied along the transect and with soil depth. Regardless of whether or not the landscape was segmented by landscape position, for both the A and C horizon, predictions of 2,4-D sorption by soil were generally good using simple regression models that contained soil organic carbon content and carbonate content as the only parameters. However, for the B horizon, the prediction of 2,4-D sorption by soil was very poor when all sampling points along the transect were considered, but greatly improved for the mid- and depressional slope positions when soils were segmented by landscape position. We conclude that segmentation by slope position could be a useful additional tool when predicting pesticide fate and leaching at the large-scale. As well, the negative association between soil carbonate content and 2,4-D sorption warrants further attention as a large portion of Canadian agriculture encompasses calcareous soils. Key words: 2,4-D, sorption, soil organic carbon, carbonates, landscape position, soil depth

Soil cover structure and main soil properties of the Vorob’evy Gory nature park

2010 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 22-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. A. Paramonova ◽  
E. V. Tishkina ◽  
S. F. Krasnov ◽  
D. O. Tolstikhin
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Nature Park

Soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region

2018 ◽  
Vol 940 (10) ◽  
pp. 54-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
I.A. Belozertseva ◽  
A.A. Sorokovoj
Keyword(s):  
Baikal Region ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Soil Formation ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Leading Role ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Reflecting Surface ◽  
Heat And Moisture ◽  
Made In

On the basis of long-term researches of soils in the territory of Russia and Mongolia soil and ecological division into districts of the Baikal region is carried out. At division into districts the whole set of an environment of soil formation was considered. On the map of soil and ecological division into districts 13 mountain, mid-mountain, low-mountain taiga, foothill, hollow-valley, forest-steppe and steppe provinces reflecting surface device originality as the ratio of balance of heat and moisture forming a basis to zoning is shown against the background of difficult orography are allocated. In total 42 districts on lithologic-geomorphological features are allocated. In formation of distinctions of a soil cover of these provinces the leading role is played by bioclimatic factors and inside them the lithologic-geomorphological ones. In the view of structural approach of the district they are considered as territories with a certain natural change of several types of the soil cover structure caused by features of a relief and the parent rock. The map is made in the MapInfo program. It is revealed that on ill-defined width zoning of soils the vertical one which has a greater influence on soils of this region is imposed. Soils of the Baikal region are not similar to the soils located at the same latitude of the flat European territory of Russia. Zone soils of this territory are specific and original.

scholarly journals Earthworms as an Ecological Indicator of Soil Recovery after Mechanized Logging Operations in Mixed Beech Forests

Forests ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 18
Author(s):  
Hadi Sohrabi ◽  
Meghdad Jourgholami ◽  
Mohammad Jafari ◽  
Farzam Tavankar ◽  
Rachele Venanzi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Properties ◽  
Soil Depth ◽  
Biological Properties ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Ecological Indicator ◽  
Traffic Intensity ◽  
Soil Biological Properties ◽  
Density And Biomass ◽  
Soil Recovery ◽  
The Impact

Soil damage caused by logging operations conducted to obtain and maximize economic benefits has been established as having long-term effects on forest soil quality and productivity. However, a comprehensive study of the impact of logging operations on earthworms as a criterion for soil recovery has never been conducted in the Hyrcanian forests of Iran. The aim of this study was to determine the changes in soil biological properties (earthworm density and biomass) and its recovery process under the influence of traffic intensity, slope and soil depth in various intervals according to age after logging operations. Soil properties were compared among abandoned skid trails with different ages (i.e., 3, 10, 20, and 25 years) and an undisturbed area. The results showed that earthworm density and biomass in the high traffic intensity and slope class of 20–30% at the 10–20 cm depth of the soil had the lowest value compared to the other treatments. Twenty-five years after the logging operations, the earthworm density at soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 28.4% (0.48 ind. m−2) and 38.6% (0.35 ind. m−2), which were less than those of the undisturbed area, respectively. Meanwhile, the earthworm biomass at a soil depth of 0–10 and 10–20 cm was 30.5% (2.05 mg m−2) and 40.5% (1.54 mg m−2) less than the values of the undisturbed area, respectively. The earthworm density and biomass were positively correlated with total porosity, organic carbon and nitrogen content, while negatively correlated with soil bulk density and C/N ratio. According to the results, 25 years after logging operations, the earthworm density and biomass on the skid trails were recovered, but they were significantly different with the undisturbed area. Therefore, full recovery of soil biological properties (i.e., earthworm density and biomass) takes more than 25 years. The conclusions of our study reveal that the effects of logging operations on soil properties are of great significance, and our understanding of the mechanism of soil change and recovery demand that harvesting operations be extensively and properly implemented.

scholarly journals Improvement of Tea (Camellia sinensis L.) Soil Properties by Growing Different Green Crops

2015 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 34-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashim Kumar Saha ◽  
Apu Biswas ◽  
Abdul Qayyum Khan ◽  
Md. Mohashin Farazi ◽  
Md. Habibur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Soil Properties ◽  
Total Nitrogen ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Soil Health ◽  
Critical Value ◽  
Available Phosphorus ◽  
Organic Carbon Content

Long-term tea cultivation has led to degradation of the soil. Old tea soils require rehabilitation for restoring soil health. Soil rehabilitation by growing different green crops can break the chain of monoculture of tea. An experiment was conducted at The Bangladesh Tea Research Institute (BTRI) Farm during 2008-2011 to find out the efficiency of different green crops on the improvement of soil properties. Four green crops such as Guatemala, Citronella, Mimosa and Calopogonium were grown to develop the nutritional value of the degraded tea soil. Soil samples were collected and analyzed before and at the end of experiment. Soil pH was increased in all four green crops treated plots with the highest increase in Citronella treated plots (from 4.1 to 4.5). Highest content of organic carbon (1.19%) and total nitrogen (0.119%) were found in Mimosa and Calopogonium treated plots, respectively. Concentration of available phosphorus, calcium and magnesium in all green crops treated plots were above the critical values, while available potassium content was above the critical value in Guatemala, Citronella and Mimosa treated plots. Changes in soil pH and available potassium were significant, while changes in organic carbon content, total nitrogen and available calcium were insignificant. Changes in available phosphorus and magnesium were significant. The Agriculturists 2014; 12(2) 34-38

scholarly journals The soil cover structure and elementary soil areas of the Opillia

2017 ◽  
pp. 390-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taras Yamelynets ◽  
Mykola Fedotikov
Keyword(s):  
Soil Structure ◽  
Soil Cover ◽  
Contrast Ratio ◽  
Study Results ◽  
Relief Sculpture ◽  
Soil Cover Structure ◽  
Basic Parameters ◽  
Basic Features ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative Characteristics

For studying the soil cover structure of Opillia region, we used methods for the identification (natural-cartometric, relief sculpture, quality-genetic) and interpretation (statistical cartometric, functional and analytical) of the soil cover structure. The natural-cartometric method was used to characterize elementary soil areas of the key area, what makes it possible to determine the parameters of the soil structure and obtain quantitative indicators for the key elementary soil areas parameters, which are: elementary soil areas composition and area ratio, complexity, fractionality, breakdown, contrast ratio and heterogeneity. This article is devoted to the study results of qualitative and quantitative characteristics of elementary soil areas of the Opillia within Khodorivsko-Buchatskyi region, hereinafter Khodorivsko- Buchatske Opillia. With coefficient of the differentiation of the soil outlines and methods of variation statistics were identified and analyzed the degree of variability ESA areas. The degree of tortuosity and elongation of area limits using the coefficient of the dismemberment were studied. Investigated the character of outlines of elementary soil areals within the area of research. Identified the basic features of ESA borders depending on various environmental factors. The certain laws of changing of the basic parameters of elementary soil areas, which form the soil structure of Khodorivsko- Buchatske Opillia were determined and described in the article. Key words: elemental soil areal (ESA), soil structure (SS), coefficient of the differentiation of the soil outlines (CDSO), coefficient of dismemberment (CD), coefficient of variability (CV).

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