Actual status of the beech bark necrotic disease in NorthWestern Bulgaria

In this paper we present recent findings about the beech bark necrotic disease in selected localities situated in the mountain ranges Vitosha and Stara planina in Bulgaria. The resulting values of necrotic disease expressed by the necrotisation index (ISN) ranged from 0.72 to 1.12. In Slovakia such low values of ISN were obtained only for seven out of 52 examined localities. The ISN results are more favourable than the results obtained using the same methods for four localities situated in Northern Hungary (ISN values ranging from 1.11 to 1.18). The results of monitoring of three selected biotic vectors of beech necrotic disease were follows: the focus of occurrence of the species Bucculatrix ulmella was in submountain beech forests. Considerable affinity to lower situated sites was found in Ectoedemia liebwerdella. We also found that the boundary of the occurrence of this species is approximately at 1,000 m a.s.l. The frequency values of Cryptococcus fagi were significantly influenced by the altitude. In four out of six localities we recorded the occurrence of three species of the genus Nectria: Nectria cosmariospora, Nectria galligena and Nectria coccinea.

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Palaeoecology as a Tool for the Future Management of Forest Ecosystems in Hesse (Central Germany): Beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) versus Lime (Tilia cordata Mill.)

Forests ◽

10.3390/f12070924 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 (7) ◽

pp. 924

Author(s):

Astrid Stobbe ◽

Maren Gumnior

Keyword(s):

Fagus Sylvatica ◽

Tilia Cordata ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

The Future ◽

Spruce Stands ◽

Fagus Sylvatica L ◽

Low Mountain Ranges ◽

Intramontane Basins ◽

Future Management

In the Central German Uplands, Fagus sylvatica and Picea abies have been particularly affected by climate change. With the establishment of beech forests about 3000 years ago and pure spruce stands 500 years ago, they might be regarded as ‘neophytes’ in the Hessian forests. Palaeoecological investigations at wetland sites in the low mountain ranges and intramontane basins point to an asynchronous vegetation evolution in a comparatively small but heterogenous region. On the other hand, palynological data prove that sustainably managed woodlands with high proportions of Tilia have been persisting for several millennia, before the spread of beech took place as a result of a cooler and wetter climate and changes in land management. In view of increasingly warmer and drier conditions, Tilia cordata appears especially qualified to be an important silvicultural constituent of the future, not only due to its tolerance towards drought, but also its resistance to browsing, and the ability to reproduce vegetatively. Forest managers should be encouraged to actively promote the return to more stress-tolerant lime-dominated woodlands, similar to those that existed in the Subboreal chronozone.

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A DETERMINATION OF THE AMOUNT OF VITAMIN C IN SOME MEDICAL PLANTS GROWING IN THE SOUTH– WESTERN ZARAFSHAN MOUNTAIN RANGES

European Science Review ◽

10.29013/esr-18-3.4-48-49 ◽

2018 ◽

pp. 48-49

Author(s):

P. Mirkhamidova ◽

U. E. Khujanazarov ◽

D. A. Mamatqulov ◽

S. Ziyamukhamedova ◽

G. I. Mukhamedov

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

The South ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Medical Plants

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The first data on the lichen flora of Dagestan beech forests

Novosti sistematiki nizshikh rastenii ◽

10.31111/nsnr/2013.47.215 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 47 ◽

pp. 215-221 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

A. B. Ismailov ◽

G. P. Urbanavichus

Keyword(s):

Lichen Species ◽

The South ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Saprotrophic Fungi ◽

South Eastern ◽

Caucasus Mountains ◽

First Time ◽

Lichen Flora

49 lichen species and 2 species of non-lichenized saprotrophic fungi are recorded for the first time in beech forests of the south-eastern part of piedmont Dagestan. Among them, 34 species and 9 genera are new to Dagestan Republic, and 2 species, Diplotomma pharcidium (Ach.) M. Choisy and Rinodina albana (A. Massal.) A. Massal., are new to Caucasus Mountains.

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Beech sapling architecture following small and medium gap disturbances in silver fir-beech old-growth forests in Slovenia

Schweizerische Zeitschrift fur Forstwesen ◽

10.3188/szf.2005.0481 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 156 (12) ◽

pp. 481-486 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Jurij Diaci ◽

Lahorka Kozjek

Keyword(s):

Light Intensity ◽

Quality Characteristics ◽

Stem Length ◽

Silver Fir ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Vertical Growth ◽

Relative Light Intensity ◽

Stem Bending ◽

Negative Effect

The objective of our research was to examine the effect of canopy shading on beech sapling architecture in the oldgrowth silver fir-beech forests of Pecka and Rajhenavski Rog. In August 2003 we sampled one plot (352 m2) in a large gap in Pecka, which was a result of a strong windstorm in 1983, and eight small gaps (26–78 m2) with similar sapling heights (3.8–8 m). A ground view of each gap was drawn including the characteristics of gap border trees and the density of separate sapling layers was recorded. The height and diameter were measured for each sapling, as well as the following quality characteristics on selected dominant saplings: width of the crown,number of larger branches and knots (>1/3 DBH), intensity of stem bending, deviation from vertical growth, number of terminal shoots, and the type of damage. The results show a negative effect of high canopy shading (estimated relative light intensity was below 5%) on the architectural quality of saplings. A lower overall density of saplings, greater intensity of bending and deviation from vertical growth, a shorter stem length without branches, a larger number of saplings with two terminal shoots, and a larger number of damaged saplings were observed in small gaps.

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Chilling Out

10.1093/oso/9780198717867.003.0010 ◽

2018 ◽

Author(s):

Roy Livermore

Keyword(s):

Plate Tectonics ◽

Volcanic Eruptions ◽

Atmospheric Temperature ◽

Ocean Currents ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Continental Rifts ◽

Earth’S Climate ◽

The One ◽

Tectonic Forces

The Earth’s climate changes naturally on all timescales. At the short end of the spectrum—hours or days—it is affected by sudden events such as volcanic eruptions, which raise the atmospheric temperature directly, and also indirectly, by the addition of greenhouse gases such as water vapour and carbon dioxide. Over years, centuries, and millennia, climate is influenced by changes in ocean currents that, ultimately, are controlled by the geography of ocean basins. On scales of thousands to hundreds of thousands of years, the Earth’s orbit around the Sun is the crucial influence, producing glaciations and interglacials, such as the one in which we live. Longer still, tectonic forces operate over millions of years to produce mountain ranges like the Himalayas and continental rifts such as that in East Africa, which profoundly affect atmospheric circulation, creating deserts and monsoons. Over tens to hundreds of millions of years, plate movements gradually rearrange the continents, creating new oceans and destroying old ones, making and breaking land and sea connections, assembling and disassembling supercontinents, resulting in fundamental changes in heat transport by ocean currents. Finally, over the very long term—billions of years—climate reflects slow changes in solar luminosity as the planet heads towards a fiery Armageddon. All but two of these controls are direct or indirect consequences of plate tectonics.

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Chasing the phantom: biogeography and conservation of Vipera latastei-monticola in the Maghreb (North Africa)

Amphibia-Reptilia ◽

10.1163/15685381-17000197 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 39 (2) ◽

pp. 145-161 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Inês Freitas ◽

Soumia Fahd ◽

Guillermo Velo-Antón ◽

Fernando Martínez-Freiría

Keyword(s):

North Africa ◽

Habitat Degradation ◽

Conservation Status ◽

Western Mediterranean ◽

Niche Modelling ◽

Habitat Transformation ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Management Actions ◽

Suitable Space ◽

The Impact

Abstract The Maghreb region (North Africa) constitutes a major component of the Mediterranean Basin biodiversity hotspot. During the last centuries, a consistent human population growth has led to an unprecedented rate of habitat transformation and loss in the region and thus, threatening its biodiversity. The Western Mediterranean viper Vipera latastei-monticola inhabits humid and subhumid areas in the main mountain ranges of the Maghreb, facing such threatening factors; however, its elusive character and rarity hindered data collection for distinct biological purposes. Here, we study the biogeographical patterns and conservation status of the Maghrebian V. latastei-monticola resulting from recent sampling campaigns in Morocco and Tunisia. We update species distribution, and integrate phylogeographic and ecological niche modelling analyses at both species and lineage level to identify suitable areas, and to evaluate the impact of anthropogenic transformation and level of protection of their suitable space. We identified four highly divergent mitochondrial lineages, including a new lineage endemic to the Western High Atlas, with allopatric distributions and restricted to mountain ranges, supporting the role of mountains as past climatic refugia. Despite the remoteness of suitable areas, we report widespread habitat degradation and identify the low effectiveness of the current protected areas system in preserving the species and lineages range. Our study shows the urgent need to apply management actions for the long-term conservation of this vulnerable species and suggests a revaluation of the specific status of V. monticola, as these populations likely represent an ecotype of V. latastei.

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Carbon and Nitrogen Pools and Fluxes in Adjacent Mature Norway Spruce and European Beech Forests

Forests ◽

10.3390/f7110282 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 7 (12) ◽

pp. 282 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Filip Oulehle ◽

Michal Růžek ◽

Karolina Tahovská ◽

Jiří Bárta ◽

Oldřich Myška

Keyword(s):

Norway Spruce ◽

European Beech ◽

Beech Forests ◽

Carbon And Nitrogen ◽

Nitrogen Pools

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Effects of various cutting treatments and topographic factors on microclimatic conditions in Dinaric fir-beech forests

Agricultural and Forest Meteorology ◽

10.1016/j.agrformet.2020.108186 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 295 ◽

pp. 108186

Author(s):

Janez Kermavnar ◽

Mitja Ferlan ◽

Aleksander Marinšek ◽

Klemen Eler ◽

Andrej Kobler ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Beech Forests ◽

Topographic Factors ◽

Microclimatic Conditions

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Co-variation of silicate, carbonate and sulfide weathering drives CO2 release with erosion

Nature Geoscience ◽

10.1038/s41561-021-00714-3 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 14 (4) ◽

pp. 211-216

Author(s):

Aaron Bufe ◽

Niels Hovius ◽

Robert Emberson ◽

Jeremy K. C. Rugenstein ◽

Albert Galy ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Erosion Rate ◽

Global Climate ◽

Stream Water ◽

Sulfide Oxidation ◽

Silicate Weathering ◽

Emission Rates ◽

Mountain Ranges ◽

Weathering Rates ◽

Southern Taiwan ◽

Co2 Release

AbstractGlobal climate is thought to be modulated by the supply of minerals to Earth’s surface. Whereas silicate weathering removes carbon dioxide (CO2) from the atmosphere, weathering of accessory carbonate and sulfide minerals is a geologically relevant source of CO2. Although these weathering pathways commonly operate side by side, we lack quantitative constraints on their co-variation across erosion rate gradients. Here we use stream-water chemistry across an erosion rate gradient of three orders of magnitude in shales and sandstones of southern Taiwan, and find that sulfide and carbonate weathering rates rise with increasing erosion, while silicate weathering rates remain steady. As a result, on timescales shorter than marine sulfide compensation (approximately 106–107 years), weathering in rapidly eroding terrain leads to net CO2 emission rates that are at least twice as fast as CO2 sequestration rates in slow-eroding terrain. We propose that these weathering reactions are linked and that sulfuric acid generated from sulfide oxidation boosts carbonate solubility, whereas silicate weathering kinetics remain unaffected, possibly due to efficient buffering of the pH. We expect that these patterns are broadly applicable to many Cenozoic mountain ranges that expose marine metasediments.

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