scholarly journals Foresttopsoil organic carbon content inSouthwest Bohemiaregion

2012 ◽  
Vol 52 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 387-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Cienciala ◽  
Z. Exnerová ◽  
J. Macků ◽  
V. Henžlík
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Sample Volume ◽  
National Forest Inventory ◽  
Organic Layer ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Mineral Layer ◽  
Mineral Horizon

The aim of this study was to evaluate organic carbon content (SOC) in the surface layers of forest soils in the two Natural Forest Regions situated in Southwest Bohemia, namely Z&aacute;padočesk&aacute; pahorkatina (NFR 6) and Česk&yacute; les (NFR 11). The study is based upon on two consecutive soil sampling campaigns during autumn 2003 and 2004. While the sampling of 2003 was inadequate to estimate bulk density, the consecutive campaign used a defined sample volume to permit an estimation of bulk density and quantification of soil organic carbon (SOC) for soil organic layers and the upper mineral horizon. The total sampling depth was 30 cm including both organic and mineral layer. SOC of organic horizon was on average 1.99 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. It differed by stand site type ranging from 0.70&nbsp;to 3.04 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. The organic layer SOC was smallest under beech (1.03 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>), whereas it was higher under pine (2.19 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>) and spruce <br />(2.09 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>). SOC in the mineral layer was in average 7.28 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. SOC differed significantly by the major tree species and reached 10.6; 5.67 and 7.5 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup> for beech, pine and spruce sites, respectively. The average SOC for the total soil layer (0&ndash;30 cm) reached 9.33 kg&nbsp;C/m<sup>2</sup>. The methodological aspects of regional estimation of SOC and the potential of utilization of the national forest inventory program are also discussed.

Combination of subsurface organic fertilization and film mulching could effectively optimize soil structure in saline alkali soil

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongyuan Zhang ◽  
Huancheng Pang ◽  
Chuang Lu ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Guoli Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Pore Structure ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Aggregates ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Plastic Mulching ◽  
Film Mulching

&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Abstract&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#65306;&lt;/strong&gt;Saline soil has a serious negative effect on crop growth in the world, subsurface organic fertilizationcombined with plastic film mulching (OMP) is one of the effective measures to solve this issue, which could alleviate salt stress, increase nutrient content and microflora diversity, then furtherly improve crop productivity. However, its impact on soil structure especially soil pore structure has not well documented, so a three-year experiment was conducted to analysis effect of OMP on aggregate distribution and stability, aggregate organic carbon distribution and pore size distribution, during 2015-2017 in Wuyuan Country, Inner Mongolia, China. Four treatments were set in the experiment, including plowing without plastic mulching (CK), plowing plus plastic mulching (PM), subsurface (10&amp;#8211;30 cm) treatment with organic manure (OM), and OM plus plastic mulching (OMP). The results showed that in condition of no mulching OM significantly increased the 0.25-2mm aggregates content (18.09%) in 10-30cm soil layer, and significantly increased the organic carbon content of &gt; 2mm (30.79-158.76%) and 0.25-2mm aggregates (161.27-290.94%) in each soil layer compared with CK.In condition of mulching, only OMP can significantly increase the average weight diameter (21.58% for 0-10 cm and 55.95% for 10-30 cm) and the organic carbon content (2.44-94.35% for 0-10 cm and 23.23-215.29% for 10-30 cm) of soil aggregates compared with CK.&amp;#160; Under the condition of subsurface organic fertilization (OM, OMP), the dominant particle size of each soil layer changed from &lt; 0.053 mm aggregate to 0.25-2 mm aggregate, which increased the content of large aggregate and water stability.Compared with OM, the average weight diameter of soil aggregates in 0-10cm and 10-30cm soil layers of OMP increased by 21.58% and 14.36% respectively, but the content of organic carbon in each particle size aggregate in 0-10cm and 10-30cm soil of OMP decreased by 4.24-24.89% and 19.35-40.26% respectively. Furtherly, the large porosity (greater than 30 &amp;#956;m) of 10-30cm and 30-40cm soil layers of OMP increased by 10.52% and 0.71% than that of CK, and the porosity of each equivalent pore size range also increased significantly. Therefore, combination of subsurface organic fertilization and film mulching could effectively optimize soil physical structure by increasing the stability of soil aggregates, maintaining higher organic carbon content, enhancing soil respiration and improving soil pore structure.&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;Key words&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;strong&gt;&amp;#65306;&lt;/strong&gt;Saline alkali soil; organic fertilizer; soil aggregate; soil pore structure; micro CT&lt;/p&gt;

scholarly journals Soil Physical Attributes and Organic Carbon in a Cohesive Yellow Latosol (Oxisol) Under Different Soil Management Systems in the Coastal Plains of Bahia, Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 272
Author(s):  
Fagner Taiano Dos Santos Silva ◽  
Fabiane Pereira Machado Dias ◽  
Poliana Dos Santos de Farias ◽  
Flávia Melo Moreira ◽  
Ludmila De Oliveira De Amorim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Management ◽  
Liquid Limit ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Coastal Plains ◽  
Physical Attributes

Although soil physical attributes are determining factors of soil quality and for root development of crops, they are often neglected when dealing with soil management, which refers only to fertility. The objective of this work was to evaluate soil physical characteristics, organic carbon content and carbon stock levels in yellow Latosol cohesive distrophic coastal plains of Bahia, Brazil, where different soil management systems were implemented. Soil texture, water dispersible clay, flocculation index, soil density and porosity, liquid limit, plastic limit, plasticity index, stability of aggregates, organic carbon content and resistance to penetration were evaluated from soil samples collected in the 40 cm-top soil. The different soil plot covers consisted of (i) Eucalyptus with grasses (EGR), (ii) Eucalyptus with spontaneous vegetation (EVE), (iii) fallow (POU), (iv) pasture (PAS), and (v) native forest (MN). It was found that EVE and MN contributed to greater stability of larger aggregates in the 20-40 cm-soil layer compared to EGR, PAS and POU. The high organic matter contents of soils of the cultivated plots (EVE and EGR) increased the limits of consistency. Soil management systems with Eucalyptus and pasture contributed to accelerate the oxidation process and the loss of C.

A pedo-transfer function (PTF) for estimating soil bulk density from basic soil data and its comparison with existing PTFs

Soil Research ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 40 (5) ◽  
pp. 847 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravinder Kaur ◽  
Sanjeev Kumar ◽  
H. P. Gurung
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Data Set ◽  
The Absolute ◽  
Relative Errors

Collection of non-destructive soil core samples for determination of bulk densities is costly, difficult, time- consuming, and often impractical. To overcome this difficulty, several attempts have been made in the past to estimate soil bulk densities through pedo-transfer functions (PTFs), requiring soil texture and organic carbon (OC) content data. Although many studies have shown that both organic carbon and texture predominantly determine soil bulk density, a majority of the PTFs developed so far are a function only of organic matter (OM)/OC. In addition, no attempts have been made to test and compare the applicability of these PTFs on an independent soil data set. Thus, through this study efforts have been made not only to develop a robust soil bulk density estimating PTF, based on both soil texture and organic carbon content data, but also to compare its predictive potential with the existing PTFs on an independent soil data set from 4 ecologically diverse micro-watersheds in Almora district of Uttaranchal State in India. Effects of varying levels of soil particle size distributions and/or OC/OM contents on the absolute relative errors associated with these PTFs were also analysed for assessing their applicability to the independent soil data set. Amongst the existing PTFs, Curtis and Post, Adams, Federer, and Huntington-A methods were found to be associated with positive bias or mean errors (ME) and root mean square prediction differences (RMSPD) ranging between 0.10 and 0.38, and between 0.23 and 0.45, respectively, whereas Alexander-A, Alexander-B, Manrique and Jones-A, Manrique and Jones-B, and Rawls methods were found to be associated with negative ME and RMSPD values ranging between -0.08 and -0.15, and 0.18 and 0.23, respectively. In contrast, Bernoux, Huntington-B, and Tomasella and Hodnett-PTFs, with RMSPD values ranging between 0.18 and 0.20, were the only methods associated with little or no bias. However, on comparing the predictive potential of the existing PTFs, in terms of their 1 : 1 relationships between the observed and predicted soil bulk densities and ME and RMSPD values, only Manrique and Jones-B (ME: -0.08; RMSPD: 0.18), Alexander-A (ME: -0.08; RMSPD: 0.19), and Rawls (ME: -0.11; RMSPD: 0.22) methods were observed to give somewhat more realistic soil bulk density estimations. The study revealed very limited predictive potential of the existing PTFs, due to their development on specific soils and/or ecosystems, use of an indirectly computed organic matter (instead of directly measured organic carbon) content as a predictor variable, poor predictive potential of developed regression model(s), and/or subjective errors. In contrast to this, the new soil bulk density estimating PTF was found to be associated with far better 1 : 1 relationship between the observed and predicted soil bulk densities and zero ME (or bias) and lowest (0.15 g/cm3) RMSPD values. The absolute relative errors associated with both the new and the existing soil OC/OM and texture-dependent PTFs were observed to be almost insensitive to the varying levels of silt and clay. However, compared with the existing PTFs, these errors associated with the new PTF were observed to be much more insensitive to the varying levels of OC/OM, thereby indicating the applicability of the new PTF to a wide range of soil types.

Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order

2012 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 7-18 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Anne Naeth ◽  
Heather A. Archibald ◽  
Candace L. Nemirsky ◽  
Leonard A. Leskiw ◽  
J. Anthony Brierley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Regime ◽  
Soil Layer ◽  
Soil Classification ◽  
Field Testing ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Regulatory Frameworks ◽  
Disturbed Soils

Naeth, M. A., Archibald, H. A., Nemirsky, C. L., Leskiw, L. A., Brierley, J. A., Bock, M. D., VandenBygaart, A. J. and Chanasyk, D. S. 2012. Proposed classification for human modified soils in Canada: Anthroposolic order. Can. J. Soil Sci. 92: 7–18. With increasing anthropogenic activity, the areal extent of disturbed soils is becoming larger and disturbances more intense. Regulatory frameworks must incorporate reclamation criteria for these disturbed soils, requiring consistent descriptions and interpretations. Many human altered soils cannot be classified using the Canadian System of Soil Classification (CSSC), thus an Anthroposolic Order is proposed. Anthroposols are azonal soils, highly modified or constructed by human activity, with one or more natural horizons removed, removed and replaced, added to, or significantly modified. Defining features are severe disruption of soil forming factors and introduction of potentially new pedogenic trajectories. Disturbed layers are anthropic in origin and contain materials significantly modified physically and/or chemically by human activities. Three great groups are defined by presence of anthropogenic artefacts and organic carbon content. Six subgroups are based on a cover soil layer with higher organic carbon content than the profile below it, on depth of disturbance, on drainage characteristics and water regime at the site. Some new phases and modifiers, in addition to traditional ones used in the CSSC, are based on chemical and physical properties and origins of anthropogenic artefacts. The proposed classification has been successfully applied to reclaimed profiles and is ready for widespread field testing.

scholarly journals Soil Quality Assessment of Phaeozems and Luvisols from the Kujawy Region (Central Poland) / Ocena cech użytkowych czarnych ziem i gleb płowych rejonu Kujaw

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 111-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mirosław Kobierski ◽  
Krystyna Kondratowicz-Maciejewska ◽  
Katarzyna Kociniewska
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Dissolved Organic Carbon ◽  
Total Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Quality ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Dissolved Nitrogen ◽  
Ap Horizon

Abstract To assess the soil quality of Phaeozems and Luvisols from Kujawy region (Kujawy-Pomerania Province, Poland), the soil quality indicators such as: content of organic matter and nutrients, as well as bulk density were used. The soils showed similar inherent properties (soil texture, depth to parent material, type of clay) and management practices (tillage, crop rotation, nutrient application). The following properties were determined: bulk density, grain size composition, exchangeable acidity, concentration of available forms of potassium, phosphorus and magnesium, and the content of total organic carbon (TOC) and nitrogen (Nt). The amounts of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved nitrogen (DN) were measured in the solution obtained after extraction with 0.004 M CaCl2. The stock of TOCs, Nts and DOCs, and DNs were calculated. The total organic carbon content in surface horizon of Phaeozems was significant higher (13.9-20.1 g·kg-1) than in Ap horizon of Luvisols (8.3-11.0 g·kg-1), which is a consequence of their origin. The stock of organic carbon in Ap horizon fell within 5.89 to 8.49 kg·m2 in Phaeozems and 3.80 to 4.81 kg·m2 in Luvisols. Although Phaeozems demonstrated a significant higher content of TOC, as compared with Luvisols, the amount of dissolved organic carbon was similar in both soil types, which points to a higher share of DOC in the total organic carbon content in Luvisols (up to 17.5% in Et horizon). The amounts of dissolved organic carbon and dissolved nitrogen and their stock do not depend on the type of soils if the management practices are similar.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution of Soil Bulk Density, Organic Carbon and pH under Different Land Use Systems along Umuahia South Local Government Area of Abia State in South Eastern Nigeria

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 298-303
Author(s):  
Brown Mang ONWUKA ◽  
Emmanuel Adeboye ADESEMUYI
Keyword(s):  
Land Use ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Dump Site ◽  
Refuse Dump ◽  
Land Use Systems ◽  
Excavation Site

Information about spatial distribution of soil qualities in a given area is a fundamental piece of land surface prerequisites for ecological purposes, agriculture and other land use systems. The utilization of numerical methods to portray soil properties and upgrade objectivity in soil-related decision making, was applied to soil samples collected from soil under the land use systems; excavation site (EX), refuse dump site (RD), forest land (FL), continuously cultivated land (CC) and 4-year bush fallow (4-BF) along Umuahia South LGA of Abia State in south eastern Nigeria. Geostatistical technique was applied to estimate the spatial distribution and produce soil maps for each selected soil properties. Results revealed that excavation site (1.70 Mg m-3) recorded a high bulk density, while the other land use systems had a moderate bulk density. The results showed that refuse dump site had a neutral soil reaction (7.02), slightly acidic reaction was recorded under 4-year bush fallow (6.00) and forest land (5.71). Continuously cultivated land had a moderately acidic soil reaction (5.41) and organic carbon content (1.48%). The result also revealed that forestland (2.97%) and refuse dump site (3.20%) had very high organic carbon content, while excavation site (0.38%) had very low organic carbon content. This study will help land owners/users in terms of choice and adoption of land for different uses in the area.  

scholarly journals Injection of liquid swine slurry and effects on properties of a Nitossolo Vermelho

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 518-521 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cleber Rech ◽  
Jackson Adriano Albuquerque ◽  
Juliano Corulli Corrêa ◽  
Alvaro Luiz Mafra ◽  
Diego Bortolini
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Physical Properties ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Soil Bulk Density ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Swine Slurry ◽  
Tillage System ◽  
Liquid Slurry

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the superficial and injected applications of swine slurry and urea to the soil, regarding their effects on the physical properties of a Nitossolo Vermelho distroférrico under a no-tillage system. The treatments were: injected slurry into the groove with a liquid swine slurry injector (LSSI); slurry on surface, applied on the lines by the LSSI kept raised; urea injected by opening the groove with the LSSI and distributed manually; and corn, under no-tillage, as a control. Sowing and the injection of liquid slurry or urea do not modify the organic carbon content, pH, and aggregation, but alter the soil bulk density and porosity in the mobilized line, and increase the macropores.

scholarly journals The use of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity to improve the prediction of soil water retention properties

2008 ◽  
Vol 88 (4) ◽  
pp. 533-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hassan Al Majou ◽  
Ary Bruand ◽  
Odile Duval
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Water Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Water Retention ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Volumetric Water Content ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Water Retention Properties

Most pedotransfer functions (PTF) developed over the past three decades to generate water retention characteristics use soil texture, bulk density and organic carbon content as predictors. Despite the high number of PTFs published, most being class- or continuous-PTFs, the accuracy of prediction remains limited. In this study, we compared the performance of different class- and continuous-PTFs developed with a regional database. Results showed that the use of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity as a predictor led to much better estimation of water retention properties compared with using predictors derived from the texture, or the organic carbon content and bulk density. This was true regardless of the complexity of the PTFs developed. Results also showed that the best prediction quality was achieved by using the in situ volumetric water content at field capacity after stratification by texture. Comparison of in situ volumetric water content at field capacity, with the water retained at different matric potentials as measured in the laboratory, showed field capacity to approximate 100 hPa, whatever the soil texture. Finally, the lack accuracy of PTFs that do not use the in situ volumetric water content at field capacity as predictor did not appear due to the test soils being unrepresentative of the soils used to develop the PTFs, but were instead related to poor correlations between the predictors used and the water retention properties. Key words: Pedotransfer functions, root mean square error, mean error of prediction, standard deviation of prediction, texture, bulk density, organic carbon content

scholarly journals S-Index as an indicator of physical quality in soils of the Paraná state

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 (7) ◽  
pp. 458-464
Author(s):  
João H. Caviglione
Keyword(s):  
Organic Carbon ◽  
Carbon Content ◽  
Bulk Density ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Total Porosity ◽  
Wilcoxon Test ◽  
Native Forest ◽  
Organic Carbon Content ◽  
Physical Quality ◽  
Soil Physical Quality

ABSTRACT From the 1990s, the demand for soil quality indicators has increased with the agricultural sustainability approaches. The S-index was proposed as an indicator of soil physical quality. The objective was to evaluate the sensitivity of S-index as an indicator of soil physical quality and its correlation with bulk density, organic carbon content, macroporosity, microporosity, total porosity and clay, sand and silt contents, under field conditions in the diversity of the Paraná state. Samples were collected from 21 sites with textures from clay and heavy clay, in the layers of 0-0.1 and 0.1-0.2 m, in soil under native forest and in cultivated soil. Eight soil physical attributes were determined. A soil-water retention curve with six moisture points was fitted and the S-index was calculated for each condition. The Wilcoxon Test showed differences in S-index between soil managements with p-value = 0.0015 in the 0-0.1 m layer and less than 0.0001 in the 0.1-0.2 m layer. The observed S-index showed to be a sensitive indicator of soil physical quality and with a significant Pearson correlation with bulk density (‑0.826), macroporosity (0.760), total porosity (0.836), and organic carbon content (0.583).

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