scholarly journals Dynamics of herbicides degradation in carrot (Daucus carota L.) roots and leaves  

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šuk ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová ◽  
Jana Hajšlová ◽  
Miroslav Jursík
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Withdrawal Period ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Low Concentrations

This research had two main aims. First, to analyse the degradation dynamics of herbicides commonly used in carrot (aclonifen, clomazone, flufenacet, linuron, metribuzin, pendimethalin, S-metolachlor). Second, to compare the amount of herbicide residues with the maximum residue level and with requirements of non-residual production. The field experiments were conducted in 2012–2016. All tested herbicides resulted in relatively low concentrations of residues in carrot roots (up to 10 µg/kg) when the recommended withdrawal period was followed between application and harvest. The concentration of S-metolachlor in carrot roots exceeded the maximal residual limit (MRL) if the application was carried out four days before harvest. The measured values of other tested herbicide residues in carrot roots did not exceed the MRL in any of the tested samples. Pre-emergent use of clomazone, linuron and flufenacet could be recommended for non-residue carrot production. Post-emergent use of metribuzin can be used for non-residue carrot production if the interval between application and harvest is at least 80 days. Concentrations of herbicide residues in carrot leaves were many times higher than in roots. All tested herbicides can be applied for safe carrot production if applicators adhere to the requirements for use.  

scholarly journals Dynamics of herbicide degradation in cauliflower

2018 ◽  
Vol 64 (No. 11) ◽  
pp. 551-556
Author(s):  
Jaroslav Šuk ◽  
Miroslav Jursík ◽  
Marie Suchanová ◽  
Dana Schusterová ◽  
Kateřina Hamouzová
Keyword(s):  
Active Ingredient ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Herbicide Residues ◽  
Herbicide Degradation ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Brassica Vegetables

The aim of this work was to compare the dynamics of the degradation of herbicides commonly used in brassica vegetables. Series of plot field experiments were carried out in planting cauliflower in 2012–2014. The amount of herbicide residues with the maximum residue level (MRL) determined by the Regulation (EC) No. 396/2005 and with requirements of non-residue production (up to 10 µg/kg of active ingredient in harvested product) was compared. Napropamide, clomazone and dimethachlor were applied before planting and pendimethalin, S-metolachlor, pyridate, ethametsulfuron, dimethenamid, metazachlor, quinmerac, picloram, clopyralid, cycloxydim, fluazifop, propaquizafop and quizalofop were applied after planting the cauliflower. Besides fluazifop and quizalofop, all tested herbicides showed a fast degradation and can be recommended for non-residue production. The amount of fluazifop residues did not fall below the MRL even 6 weeks after application. Residues of post-emergently applied quizalofop were detected in cauliflower 10–44 days after application in most of the samples at concentration 9–73 µg/kg(below the MRL).

Characterization and Properties of Different Glucosyltransferases Isolated from Suspension-Cultured Cells of Daucus carota

1986 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 409-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Ingold ◽  
Hanns Ulrich Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Cultured Cells ◽  
Test System ◽  
Enzymatic Activities ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Nucleotide Sugars ◽  
Glucan Chain ◽  
Glucan Synthesis

Particulate enzymes (14,000 g pellet) from suspension-cultured carrot cells (Daucus carota L.) incorporated glucose from UDP-glucose and GDP-glucose into ethanol-insoluble products which were characterized as glucans or glucoprotein. Based on the test system to assay glucansynthe- tases I and II four different enzymatic activities could be distinguished on the basis of their substrate and divalent cation requirements, the influence of active substances such as nucleotides, nucleotide sugars, cellobiose, and in vivo inhibitors of cell wall glucan synthesis, their distribution in linear sucrose gradient and the nature of their products. The enzymatic activities which incor­porated glucose from UDP-glucose or GDP-glucose at low substrate concentrations (10 -6 ᴍ) were both localized in membranes of a density of 1.129 g em-3 (Golgi membranes) and synthesized a β-1,4-glucan chain. Both showed similar properties in most of the characterization experiments. The glucosyltransferase that catalysed the formation of a β-1,3-glucan from UDP-glucose (0.48 mᴍ) was found in membranes which accumulated at a density of 1.170 g · cm-3 (plasma membrane) and differed in its properties from the Golgi-localized glucosyltransferase activities in many aspects. A soluble glucosyltransferase (175,000 × g supernatant) which was also active at low concentrations of UDP-glucose (10-6 ᴍ) but showed enhanced activity under conditions where the other glucosyltransferases were inactive incorporated glucose into a proteinase-sensi­tive product. In linear sucrose gradients this enzyme migrated to different gradient densities depending on conditions.

scholarly journals Residues of carbosulfan and its carbofuran metabolites and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in oranges

2004 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcos José Trevisan ◽  
Gilberto Casadei de Baptista ◽  
Luiz Roberto Pimentel Trevizan ◽  
Geraldo Papa
Keyword(s):  
Gas Chromatography ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Fruit Consumption ◽  
Low Intensity ◽  
Brazilian Legislation ◽  
Maximum Residue Level ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus Detector ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Unique Application

The objectives of this study were to evaluate the residues of the insecticide carbosulfan and its carbofuran metabolites and 3-hydroxy-carbofuran in orange compartments (whole fruit, bagasse and juice) and comparison between the residual levels found in fruits with the maximum residue level and the safety interval established by the Brazilian legislation. Two field experiments were carried out, both with the following treatments: a-check; b-one application of 10 g of carbosulfan . 100 L-1 of water; c-one application with twice the rate applied in treatment b; d-four applications with the same rate applied in treatment b. Samples were taken at (-1), zero, 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the last or unique application. The quantitative determinations were done by gas chromatography technique, using a nitrogen-phosphorus detector. The carbosulfan metabolism to its carbofuran metabolite was rapid (3 days), being both analytes concentrated in the bagasse (peel + flavedo + albedo). However, the metabolism of carbofuran to 3-hydroxy-carbofuran was of low intensity or this metabolite was quickly dissipated. Carbosulfan residues and its metabolites did not penetrate into the fruit, thus not contaminating the juice. The use of the pesticide was adequate, with respect to fruit consumption, in relation to the Brazilian legislation.

scholarly journals The role of fertilization practices in the yield and quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.)

1989 ◽  
Vol 61 (4) ◽  
pp. 323-360
Author(s):  
Aino-Maija Evers
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Vegetable Production ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Npk Fertilizers ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Positive Effects

The influence of different fertilization practices on the growth, yield and inner quality of carrot (Daucus carota L.) was studied. The field experiments were carried out in Southern Finland, on the experimental farm of Kemira Oy, in 1985 and 1986. Unirrigated and irrigated placement and broadcast fertilization, NPK fertirrigations without or with basic fertilization, and PK placement with N fertirrigations were compared. Placement and broadcast fertilizations were carried out by single application, whereas NPK or N fertirrigations were performed as split applications. The highest yields were obtained when the total phytomass production was high. The yield increased by the placement of NPK fertilizer as compared to broadcast fertilization, and by the placement of P and K as compared to treatments where P and K were broadcasted or fertirrigated. The PK placement with N fertirrigations increased the root dry matter content as compared to NPK fertirrigations. The lowest NO3-N contents of roots were obtained by unirrigated placement fertilization. NPK fertirrigations caused higher root NO3-N contents than any other fertilization practice, and irrigation as such increased the NO3-N contents. Root N and P contents were increased by placement of PK or NPK fertilizers, but fertilization practices had no effects on K, Mg and Ca contents. Single application increased ash and dietary fibre contents as compared to split applications. In conclusion, the placement of NPK or PK fertilizers had positive effects on the above mentioned quality criteria and yield, and thus in future research and in commercial vegetable production these fertilization practices should be utilized. Fertilization practices had no or only slight effects on the carotene and sugar contents, taste, texture and the quality of stored carrots. Carotene content increased as the growing season progressed, and was 41 % higher in the climatically more favourable year 1986 than in 1985. Total sugar contents were higher in the climatically less favourable year 1985 and in unfertilized treatments than in 1986 and in fertilized treatments. It was hypothesized that carrot sugar contents are related to growth and total phytomass production. The indicative results showed that the NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization had a slight positive effect on carrot taste and texture as compared to placement fertilization but, on the other hand, the NPK fertirrigations without basic fertilization showed a tendency to impair the storage ability as compared to single application. In conclusion, carotene and sugar contents are strongly influenced by genotype and climate and thus it is logical that the effects of fertilization practices remained slight. The results of carrot taste do not allow any final conclusions to be drawn; further investigation on the subject is needed.

scholarly journals Selectivity and efficacy of herbicides dimethachlor and pethoxamid in rocket crop

2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (No. 4) ◽  
pp. 305-316
Author(s):  
Ivana Doležalová ◽  
Irena Petrželová ◽  
Martin Duchoslav
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Amaranthus Retroflexus ◽  
Residue Level ◽  
Portulaca Oleracea ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Weed Density ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Maximum Residue Level

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate the efficacy, selectivity and health harmlessness of four application rates of two pre-emergent herbicides (pethoxamid and dimethachlor) in the rocket [Eruca vesicaria (L.) Cavanilles)]. Pethoxamid was found to be less efficient on the total weed density (efficacy 86.0–93.3%) in comparison with the effect of dimethachlor (94.9–95.8%). Dimethachlor expressed an excellent efficacy on Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauvois, Portulaca oleracea Linnaeus, Amaranthus retroflexus Linnaeus, Lamium purpureum Linnaeus, and Veronica persica Poiret from the lowest tested application rate (800 g/ha). Pethoxamid showed an excellent efficacy on E. crus-galli, Lamium purpureum, Lamium amplexicaule Linnaeus, V. persica, and P. oleracea. In higher application rates, pethoxamid controlled Chenopodium polyspermum Linnaeus and Chenopodium album Linnaeus. In contrast to mostly negative effects of dimethachlor, pethoxamid showed either no effects or positive ones on the rocket yield. Residues of both herbicides in the harvested product were always below a 'default limit', which is the baseline maximum residue level for food. The selectivity of pethoxamid at an application rate of 960 g/ha was good, herbicide residues in the rocket were not detected and the yield of the rocket increased.

NONFUMIGANT NEMATICIDES FOR CONTROL OF NORTHERN ROOT-KNOT NEMATODE IN MUCK-GROWN CARROTS

1984 ◽  
Vol 64 (1) ◽  
pp. 175-179 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. BELAIR
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Control Method ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Meloidogyne Hapla ◽  
Nematode Control ◽  
Root Knot Nematode ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Application Method

Field experiments were conducted to determine the effects of rate and application method on the effectiveness of nonfumigant nematicides to protect carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) against Meloidogyne hapla, Chitwood, in organic soil. Carbamate compounds, aldicarb and oxamyl, provided better protection to carrot roots than organophosphorus, phenamiphos and terbufos compounds. In-furrow application of granular nematicides at the rate of 1.5 kg a.i./ha was more effective than band and broadcast incorporation at a rate of 6 kg a.i./ha. The standard control method with the fumigant, 1,3-dichloropropene, offered the best nematode control and the highest marketable yields.Key words: Daucus carota, Meloidogyne hapla

DAYA TERIMA JAJANAN LOKAL BARONCONG DENGAN PENAMBAHAN WORTEL (DAUCUS CAROTA L)

2019 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Suriani Rauf ◽  
Manjilala Manjilala ◽  
Elvi Kusuma
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Local Foods ◽  
Ministry Of Health ◽  
Daucus Carota L

The behavior of people who less consume vegetables and fruit can have a negative impact on health. The lack of appetite for vegetable consumption by the society made the researchers interested in making a combination of vegetables, namely carrots with local foods, namely Baroncong.This research aims to determine the acceptability of local baroncong snacks with the addition of carrots.This research is a pre-experimental study. The panelists from this study consisted of 30 Nutrition Department Students from Health Polytechnic Ministry of Health Makassar. Assessment based on taste aspects, color of aroma and texture of baroncong products with the addition of carrots 50%, 75%, 100% with the criteria of very like, like, dislike and very dislike.The results showed that the acceptability of baroncong with the addition of carrots in terms of taste was a concentration of 75%, which was very much as much as 46.7% and liked as much as 50%, the color aspect was 50% concentration consisting of 36.7% likes and likes as much as 53.3%, the aroma aspectis a concentration of 50% which consists of very much as much as 33.3% and likes as much as 63.3%, in terms of aspects of texture are concentrations of 50% and 75%, each of which consists of as much as 23.3% and likes as much as 63, 3%. Based on these data, Baroncong with the addition of carrots received is a concentration of 75%.

ESTUDO DA CINÉTICA DE SECAGEM EM CENOURAS (DAUCUS CAROTA L.)

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Araújo Thaís Jaciane ◽  
Santos Newton Carlos ◽  
Barros Sâmela Leal ◽  
Melo Mylena Olga Pessoa ◽  
Nascimento Amanda Priscila Silva
Keyword(s):  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Daucus Carota L

Anthocyanin accumulation and PAL activity in a suspension culture of Daucus carota L.

Planta ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 149 (3) ◽  
pp. 283-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang No� ◽  
Christian Langebartels ◽  
Hanns Ulrich Seitz
Keyword(s):  
Suspension Culture ◽  
Daucus Carota ◽  
Anthocyanin Accumulation ◽  
Daucus Carota L ◽  
Pal Activity
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