scholarly journals   Effect of fertilization on composition and spatial distribution of dissolved organic nitrogen in paddy soil microbial systems

2012 ◽  
Vol 58 (No. 3) ◽  
pp. 128-134 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Zhang ◽  
Z. Zhao ◽  
X. Yi ◽  
Y. Lu ◽  
L. Cao
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Solution ◽  
Paddy Soil ◽  
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index

Dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) has high bioavailability and is an important source of soil nutrients. In order to determine the concentrations and the composition of DON in different depths (0&ndash;30 cm), and provide a theoretical basis for further deep research into the paddy soil nitrogen supply, experiments based on the lysimeter method were carried out to investigate the effect of fertilization on composition and spatial distribution of DON in paddy soil. Paddy soil was treated under chemical fertilization treatment (CT) and mixed fertilization treatment (MT). With methods of PCR-DGGE and HPLC-MS, the results of the experiments suggested that the samples in 10&ndash;20&nbsp;cm and 20&ndash;30 cm under MT had significantly higher bacterial diversity than those under CT except in 0&ndash;10 cm. DON had a high percentage (63.1&ndash;79.9%) in N<sub>tot</sub> of soil solution. The results of the correlation analysis revealed that DON had a significant positive correlation with organic matter content, Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H') and a significant negative correlation with pH. The possible results of HPLC-MS identification of DON from paddy soil solution were that (a) 3-(4-thiazolyl)-l-alanine; (b) 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid; (c) 4-(2, 4-difluorophenyl)-3-nitrobenzene carbaldehyde; (d) fendizoic acid. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Structure and Distribution of Macrobenthos Community in Code River, Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 21-27
Author(s):  
Ratih Ida Adharini ◽  
Putri Latifa Arumsari
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Organic Matter ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Water Quality Data ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Evenness Index ◽  
Water Ph

This research aimed to explore the community structure of macrobenthos in Code River, Yogyakarta. This research was conducted during December 2019-January 2020 in Code River, Yogyakarta. Data was taken 4 times in 6 stations. Macrobenthos was taken using a Surber net with a size of 30 x 30 cm and sampling at 5 spots in each station. Data analysis consisted of density, diversity index, dominance index, and evenness index. Water quality data consisted of water temperature, flow velocity, water depth, water pH, dissolved oxygen, and organic matter. The results showed that the density of macrobenthos ranged from 54-172 ind/m2. Our results showed that Code River has moderate diversity based on the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Sulcospira testudinaria is the most dominant species in Code River. The evenness index showed high except at station 2 which was categorized as moderate. Code River has pretty good water quality, but stations 3, 4, and 5 which are located in the city area, it has a high organic matter content.

scholarly journals Preliminary studies on the spatial distribution of artificial 137Cs and natural gamma radionuclides in the region of the Ojców National Park, Poland

Nukleonika ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 63 (4) ◽  
pp. 105-111
Author(s):  
Marcin Stobiński ◽  
Filip Jędrzejek ◽  
Barbara Kubica
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
National Park ◽  
Background Radiation ◽  
Natural Radionuclides ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Gamma Ray Spectrometry ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Local Climate ◽  
Natural Gamma

Abstract The aim of the research is to obtain preliminary information about the spatial distribution of gamma radionuclides in the soils taken from the Ojców National Park with emphasis on the behaviour of artificial radionuclides, with 137Cs as a representative. The natural radionuclides 40K, 226Ra (uranium series), and 228Th (thorium series), which are considered as background radiation, were also determined. In total, 18 soil samples were collected during the summer periods in 2015-2017, while the sampling points were selected with respect to differences in rainfall and local topography gradient. The method was based on gamma-ray spectrometry performed on high-purity germanium (HPGe) gamma detector (relative efficiency 34%). 137Cs was mostly deposited in the top soil layers, with activity in the range of 27.9÷586.6 Bq·kg-1. We found strong positive correlation of the 137Cs activity with the soil organic matter content, and at the same time, its dependence on the rainfall amount. Consequently, the soil types and local climate can control the spatial distribution of 137Cs on a small spatial scale. The quantity of natural radionuclides was highly similar in all samples with the following mean values: 38.0 Bq·kg-1for 228Th, 33.1 Bq·kg-1for 226Ra, and 479.9 Bq·kg-1for 40K.

scholarly journals Characteristics and Driving Factors of Nitrogen-Use Efficiency in Chinese Greenhouse Tomato Cultivation

2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 805
Author(s):  
Tianjing Ren ◽  
Yu’e Li ◽  
Tiantian Miao ◽  
Waseem Hassan ◽  
Jiaqi Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Use Efficiency ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Nitrogen Use ◽  
Greenhouse Tomato ◽  
Use Efficiency ◽  
Nitrogen Application Rate

Excessive nitrogen fertilizer application in greenhouses could cause a significant variation in the nitrogen-use efficiency at the regional scale. This study aims to quantify agronomic nitrogen-use efficiency (AEN) and identify its driving factors across Chinese greenhouse tomato cultivation. Three hundred and forty-eight AEN values were obtained from 64 papers, including mineral nitrogen (MN) and mineral combined with organic nitrogen (MON) treatments. The average AEN values for the MN and MON treatments were 56.6 ± 7.0 kg kg−1 and 34.6 ± 3.5 kg kg−1, respectively. The AEN of the MN treatment was higher than that of the MON treatment for cultivation using soil with an organic matter content of less than 10 g kg−1 and the drip fertigation method. The AENs of the MN and MON treatments were divided into two segments according to the nitrogen application rate. The inflection points of the nitrogen application rate were 290 and 1100 kg N ha−1 for the MN and MON treatments, respectively. When the ratio of organic nitrogen to total nitrogen was less than 0.4, it was beneficial for improving the AEN. The soil organic matter content and the nitrogen application rate were the most critical factors determining the AEN. These results suggest that rationally reducing the nitrogen input and partially substituting mineral nitrogen with organic nitrogen can help improve the nitrogen-use efficiency.

scholarly journals Spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain based on RS

2020 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 05016
Author(s):  
XING Yu ◽  
Wang Jie ◽  
Yin Yaqiu ◽  
Zhou Yingjie ◽  
Yao Weiling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Terrain Rendering ◽  
Spatial Distribution Characteristics ◽  
Songliao Plain

Phaeozem is one kind of scarce resources on the earth. Due to the restrictions of natural factors and the influence of human activities over the years, phaeozem degradation has become increasingly serious. Based on images of the ASTER in 2006 and the ETM+ in 2000 in this paper, the phaeozem organic matter content which is greater than 2 ％ was obtained by using quantitative retrieval. Through the three-dimensional remote sensing image, terrain rendering and relevant information were analyzed. On the basis of the above, the spatial distribution characteristics of phaeozem in Songliao Plain were analyzed using DEM (digital elevation model) data. The results show that the total area of phaeozem in Songliao Plain is about 51360.15 km2, and the phaeozem organic matter content is gradually increasing along with the increasing latitude or longitude, and decreasing along with increasing slope. In addition, the soil organic matter content is lower in southern slopes than that in northern slopes.

scholarly journals Comparison of Different Spatial Regression Methods for Predicting Organic Matter Content in Soil

2022 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xumeng Zhang ◽  
Wuping Zhang ◽  
Mingjing Huang ◽  
Li Gao ◽  
Lei Qiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Organic Matter ◽  
Land Use Planning ◽  
Prediction Accuracy ◽  
Meteorological Data ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Spatial Prediction ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Soil Organic Matter Content

Abstract Dynamic changes in soil organic matter content affects the sustainable supply of soil water and fertilizer and impacts the stability of soil ecological function. Understanding the spatial distribution characteristics of soil organic matter will help deepen our understanding of the differences in soil organic matter content, soil formation law; such understanding would be useful for rational land use planning. Taking terrain data, meteorological data, and remote sensing data as auxiliary variables and the ordinary Kriging (OK) method as a control, this study compares the spatial prediction accuracies and mapping effects of various models (MLR, RK, GWR, GWRK, MGWR, and MGWRK) on soil organic matter. Our results show that the spatial distribution trend of soil organic matter predicted by each model is similar, but the prediction of composite models can reflect more mapping details than that of unitary models. The OK method can provide better support for spatial prediction when the sampling points are dense; however, the local models are superior in dealing with spatial non-stationarity. Notably, the MGWR model is superior to the GWR model, but the MGWRK model is inferior to the GWRK model. As a new method, the prediction accuracy of MGWRK reached 47.72% for the OK and RK methods and 40.08% for the GWRK method. The GWRK method achieved a better prediction accuracy. The influence mechanism of soil organic matter is complex, but the MGWR model more clearly reveals the complex nonlinear relationship between soil organic matter content and factors influencing it. This research can provide reference methods and mapping technical support to improve the spatial prediction accuracy of soil organic matter.

Treatment of wastewaters from a formaldehyde-urea adhesives factory

2000 ◽  
Vol 42 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 293-300 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.M. Garrido ◽  
R. Méndez ◽  
J.M. Lema
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Hydraulic Retention Time ◽  
Loading Rate ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Organic Loading Rate ◽  
Nitrogen Gas ◽  
Laboratory Unit ◽  
Formaldehyde Removal

Wastewater from a formaldehyde-urea adhesives factory is characterised by a high organic matter content (COD between 460 and 3900 mg/L mostly due to formaldehyde 220–4000 mg/L) and organic nitrogen (TKN 110–805 mg/L). Besides, a fraction of COD is given by a formaldehyde-urea polymer with a relatively high molecular weight. In a lab-scale (2 L) activated sludge unit, a high formaldehyde removal (higher than 99%) was obtained while the total COD and TKN removal ranged between 70–85 % and 30–50%, respectively. Formaldehyde was used by microorganisms as carbon source and also for the conversion of nitrate to nitrogen gas. The Organic Loading Rate (OLR) was between 0.2 and 1.2 kg–COD/m3·d and the Hydraulic Retention Time (HRT) between 0.5 and 1.4 d. The non degraded TKN and COD, mostly corresponding to the polymeric fraction, was further treated in an ozonation unit, which increased very efficiently the bioavailability of TKN towards nitrification and allowed an additional COD removal. Results from lab-scale reactors were used for designing and operating an industrial scale activated sludge unit, being the efficiency attained at full-scale similar to the laboratory unit.

Nitrogen cycling in salt-marsh and mangrove sediments at Western Port, Victoria

1988 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 607 ◽  
Author(s):  
PI Boon ◽  
S Cain
Keyword(s):  
Salt Marsh ◽  
Organic Nitrogen ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Soluble Reactive Phosphorus ◽  
Avicennia Marina ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Coastal Sediments ◽  
Nitrogen Compounds ◽  
Nitrogenous Compounds ◽  
Highly Correlated

The metabolism of organic nitrogen compounds in sediments from salt-marsh (Sarcocornia quinqueflora) and mangrove (Avicennia marina) areas at Western Port, Victoria, was investigated. Organic nitrogen compounds were metabolized at potential rates of up to 3.9 �mol cmF3 day-1 for amino acids, 23 �mol cm-3 day-( for dipeptides, and 5 �mol cm-1 day-1 for an amide. These were higher than the rate of ammonium regeneration in the absence of added substrate (<0.08 �mol cm-3 day-1); this indicates that organic nitrogenous compounds play a major role in nutrient cycling in coastal sediments. Rates of some transformations were highly correlated with sediment organic-matter content, total nitrogen content or concentration of soluble reactive phosphorus in the sediments, but overall there were few significant correlations between metabolic rates and edaphic conditions. Degradation of organic nitrogenous compounds in these sediments is likely to be influenced strongly by the availability of phosphorus, the quantity and quality of detrital inputs, and the size and activity of microbial populations.

scholarly journals HUBUNGAN TEKSTUR SEDIMEN DAN KANDUNGAN BAHAN ORGANIK DENGAN KELIMPAHAN MAKROZOOBENTOS DI MUARA SUNGAI SILANDAK, SEMARANG

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 363-370
Author(s):  
Dewi Meynita ◽  
Max Rudolf Muskananfola ◽  
Sri Sedjati
Keyword(s):  
Organic Matter ◽  
Random Sampling ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Organic Matter Content ◽  
Domestic Sewage ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Clay Loam ◽  
Sediment Texture ◽  
Coastal Reclamation

ABSTRAK Muara Sungai Silandak merupakan salah satu subsistem drainase wilayah Semarang Barat yang bermuara ke teluk Semarang.Muara merupakan tempat akumulasi buangan limbah domestik dan pabrik. Dilakukannya reklamasi pantai pada bagian hilir Muara Silandak dapat menyebabkan sedimentasi yang akan mempengaruhi keberadaan makrozoobentos. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah mengetahui tekstur sedimen, kandungan bahan organik dan kelimpahan makrozoobentos.Materi yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah sampel sedimen dan sampel makrozoobentos pada setiap stasiun yang berlokasi di muara sampai pesisir Pantai Maron.Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan sampling acak atau Random Sampling dengan empat stasiun.Pada setiap stasiun terdapat tiga titik sampling, sampel sedimen dan makrozoobentos diambil pada setiap titik kemudian dikomposit perstasiun.Sampling dilakukan pada interval waktu dua minggu dengan tiga kali pengulangan.Hasil analisis tekstur sedimen pada stasiun I memiliki tekstur liat sedangkan stasiun II, III dan IV memiliki tekstur lempung liat berpasir. Hasil kandungan bahan organik pada stasiun I,II, III dan IV sebesar 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% dan 10,67%. Sedangkan kelimpahan makrozoobentos yang didapatkan stastiun I sebesar 652 ind/m3 , stasiun II 696 ind/m3 , stasiun III 783 ind/m3 (tertinggi) dan stasiun IV 261 ind/m3 dengan katagori indeks keanekaragaman belum tercemar dan tidak adanya jenis yang mendominasi.  Kata kunci: Tekstur Sedimen, Kandungan Bahan Organik, Kelimpahan Makrozoobentos, Muara Sungai Silandak Semarang.   ABSTRACT Silandak Estuary is one of the subsystem drainage areas in West Semarang that flow into the bay of Semarang. The estuary is a place of accumulation of domestic sewage and factories. Coastal reclamation at the downstream estuary Silandak causing sedimentation that will affect the existence of macrozoobenthos. The purpose of this research was to know the sediment texture, organic matter content and abundance of macrozoobenthos. The material used in this research is the sediment samples and samples of macrozoobenthos at any station located at the estuary to the coast of Maron. The research used random sampling with four stations. At each station there are three sampling points, samples of sediment and makrozoobentos taken at any point which then composite sample at each station. The sampling was done with time interval of two weeks with three repetitions. The results of the sediment texture at the station I has the texture of clay while the station II, III and IV have a texture of sandy clay loam. The results of the organic material content at stations I, II, III and IV is amounted 19,33%, 15,20%, 13,40% and 10,67% and while abundance of makrozoobentos at station I are 652 ind/m3, station II 696 ind/m3, station III 783 ind/m3(higher) and station IV 261 ind/m3 with a diversity index categories clean water zone and not found the dominant species. Keywords: Sediment Textures, Organic Matter Contents, Abundance of Makrozoobentos, Silandak Estuary Semarang. 

scholarly journals Spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna in the Indian Sundarban

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Susovan Sau ◽  
T.S. Nagesh ◽  
R.K. Trivedi ◽  
T.J. Abraham ◽  
S.K. Dubey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Frequency Analysis ◽  
Dominant Species ◽  
Diversity Index ◽  
Benthic Fauna ◽  
Sea Anemone ◽  
Dominance Index ◽  
Wiener Diversity Index ◽  
Density Analysis ◽  
Indian Sundarban

In the present study, an attempt was made to document the spatial distribution and diversity inventory of macro-benthic fauna from 21 sampling stations of the Indian Sundarbanfor a period of six months from November 2014 to April 2015. A total of 1,871 individuals belonging to 35 species were recorded which comprised 12 species of molluscs, 20 species of crustaceans, one species each of xiphosurid, sea anemone and fish. The frequency analysis of species revealed that the most dominant species were Telescopium telescopium and Tubuca rosea among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The density analysis of the species showed that Pirenella cingulata and T. rosea had maximum values among molluscs and crustaceans, respectively. The average values of Shannon-Wiener diversity index, Simpson diversity index, dominance index and Margalef diversity index were found to be 2.712, 0.888, 0.111 and 4.513, respectively.

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