scholarly journals Computed tomographic analysis of tibiotarsal bone mineral density and content in turkeys as influenced by age and sex

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 12) ◽  
pp. 573-580 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charuta ◽  
R.G. Cooper ◽  
M. Pierzchała ◽  
J.O. Horbańczuk
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Tomographic Analysis

Changes in the volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone mineral content (BMC) of tibiotarsal bones of growing turkeys as affected by birds&rsquo; age, sex, and within-the-bone location, respectively, were determined by computed tomography. The research was performed on 165 heavy-type BIG 6 turkeys reared between weeks (wk) 3&ndash;16 of age. The computed tomography (pQCT) measurement, conducted at 18&nbsp;and 50% of the bone length, comprised a bone fragment which was 0.07 mm thick for the compact and the spongious substance collectively. It should be noted that the diaphyses of the tibiotarsal bones in turkeys (580 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>) had greater vBMD than the proximal metaphyses (300 mg/cm<sup>3</sup>), (P &le; 0.001). BMC was higher in metaphyses for both sexes. Significant differences between the BMC of the metaphyses and the diaphyses were observed in males and females at wk 3 (P &le; 0.01), 6 (P &le; 0.05), and 9 (P &le; 0.001), and at wk 3 (P &le; 0.05) and 12 (P &le; 0.01), respectively. vBMD in the diaphyses gradually attenuated with age for both sexes, from 688 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> (wk 3) to 532 mg/cm<sup>3</sup> (wk 16). vBMD of the metaphyses was constant in females, but in males it achieved maximum values of 350 mg/cm<sup>3 </sup>at wk 6 and 12 and minimum of 260 mg/cm<sup>3 </sup>at wk 9 and 16. Correlations between body weight (BW) and vBMD of the diaphyses were observed in males (r = &ndash;0.85, P &le; 0.001) and females (r = &ndash;0.52, P &le; 0.01). It can be concluded that vBMD loss in diaphyses diminished bone-breaking strength leading in investigated turkeys to deformities and bone fractures.

Computed tomographic and densitometric analysis of tibiotarsal bone mineral density and content in postnatal peking ducks (Anas platyrhynchos var. domestica) as influenced by age and sex

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 537-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Charuta ◽  
R.G. Cooper
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postnatal Development ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Correlation Coefficients ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Computed Tomographic ◽  
Age And Sex

Abstract The bone mineral density BMD and content BMC were analysed in the tibiotarsal bones of ducks in the postnatal development as influenced by age and sex. One hundred birds from the nesting till the slaughtering maturity were included in the experiment. The analysis was conducted using a densitometer, Norland - Excell Plus and pQCT computed tomography, XCT Research SA Plus. The statistical analysis was conducted using the Kruskal-Wallis one-way analysis of variance (age) and the U-Mann -Withney test (sex). All calculations were performed in Statistica 9.0 (StatSoft, Inc. Tulsa, USA), at P ≤ 0.05. Two-factor analysis of variance ANOVA was applied and Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated. The densitometer research showed that BMD and BMC increased in the postnatal development for both sexes. The volumetric bone mineral density vBMD analysis using computed tomography showed that volumetric bone mineral density vBMD of the middle of the diaphyses in situ gradually attenuated during the postnatal development both in males and females, i.e. from 620 mg/cm3 (2 wk) to 500 mg/cm3 (8 wk). The biggest vBMD loss was observed in the diaphyses of females in 4 and 6 wk (r = - 0.63 and r = - 0.79; P ≥ 0.05). The BMC decrease was observed in the proximal metaphyses between 4 and 6 wk for both sexes, r = - 0.52 (males), r = - 0.53 (females); P ≤ 0.05. The gradual loss may be the cause of deformities and fractures of the tibiotarsal bones observed from 4 wk in particular bone sections of both sexes. The achieved results may constitute a helpful source of information for water poultry breeders to prevent limb diseases.

Effect of Rheumatoid Arthritis on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry, Assessed by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Postmenopausal Women Treated with Bisphosphonates

2012 ◽  
Vol 39 (6) ◽  
pp. 1215-1220 ◽  
Author(s):  
SYMEON TOURNIS ◽  
VASILIOS SAMDANIS ◽  
SAVAS PSARELIS ◽  
CHRYSA LIAKOU ◽  
JULIA ANTONIOU ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Geometry ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

Objective.To investigate the effect of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) and bone geometry in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates.Methods.Fifty-three postmenopausal women with RA and 87 control subjects, comparable in terms of age, body mass index, and years since menopause, underwent peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT) of the nondominant tibia.Results.At 4% (trabecular site), trabecular bone mineral content (BMC) and vBMD (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, while trabecular area was comparable. At 38% (cortical site), cortical BMC (p < 0.01), area (p < 0.05), and thickness (p < 0.001) were lower in the RA group, whereas vBMD was comparable. Endosteal circumference was higher (p < 0.05), whereas periosteal circumference was comparable, indicating cancellization of cortical bone. In the RA group, muscle area was lower (p < 0.001), while at 14% polar stress strength index was significantly lower (p < 0.01) in patients with RA, indicating impairment of bone mechanical properties.Conclusion.RA is associated with negative effects on both cortical and cancellous bone in postmenopausal women treated with bisphosphonates. Cortical geometric properties are also adversely affected mainly by increased endosteal circumference, whereas trabecular geometric properties are generally preserved.

scholarly journals Association Between Physical Fitness and Bone Strength and Structure in 3- to 5-Year-Old Children

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 431-440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alejandro Gómez-Bruton ◽  
Jorge Marín-Puyalto ◽  
Borja Muñiz-Pardos ◽  
Gabriel Lozano-Berges ◽  
Cristina Cadenas-Sanchez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Young Children ◽  
Physical Fitness ◽  
Bone Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Mineral Content ◽  
Bone Structure ◽  
Handgrip Strength ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density

Background: The positive association between physical fitness and bone structure has been widely investigated in children and adolescents, yet no studies have evaluated this influence in young children (ie, preschoolers). Hypothesis: Fit children will present improved bone variables when compared with unfit children, and no sex-based differences will emerge in the sample. Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Level of Evidence: Level 3. Methods: Handgrip strength, standing long jump (SLJ), speed/agility, balance, and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) were assessed using the Assessing FITness levels in PREschoolers (PREFIT) test battery in 92 children (50 boys; age range, 3-5 years). A peripheral quantitative computed tomography scan was performed at 38% of the length of the nondominant tibia. Cluster analysis from handgrip strength, SLJ, speed/agility, and CRF was developed to identify fitness groups. Bone variables were compared between sexes and between cluster groups. The association between individual physical fitness components and different bone variables was also tested. Results: Three cluster groups emerged: fit (high values on all included physical fitness variables), strong (high strength values and low speed/agility and CRF), and unfit (low strength, speed/agility, and CRF). The fit group presented higher values than the strong and unfit groups for total and cortical bone mineral content, cortical area, and polar strength strain index (all P < 0.05). The fit group also presented a higher cortical thickness when compared with the unfit group ( P < 0.05). Handgrip, SLJ, and speed/agility predicted all bone variables except for total and cortical volumetric bone mineral density. No differences were found for bone variables between sexes. Conclusion: The results suggest that global fitness in preschoolers is a key determinant for bone structure and strength but not volumetric bone mineral density. Clinical Relevance: Physical fitness is a determinant for tibial bone mineral content, structure, and strength in very young children. Performing physical fitness tests could provide useful information related to bone health in preschoolers.

scholarly journals Computed Tomography Diagnostic of Uncommon Case of Osteopetrosis in 80-Year-Old Man—Case Report

Medicina ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 56 (10) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Witold Krupski ◽  
Joanna Kruk-Bachonko ◽  
Marcin R. Tatara
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Z Score ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
T Score ◽  
Uncommon Case ◽  
Densitometric Data

Background and Objectives: During osteopetrosis course, impaired bone remodeling induces skeletal osteosclerosis and abnormally dense bones, which, however, are brittle and susceptible to low-energy fractures. In this study, radiological evaluation and densitometric measurements of several bones of the skeleton in one of the oldest patients in the world suffering from osteopetrosis was presented. Materials and Methods: Volumetric bone mineral density measurements of the examined bones in an 80-year-old man were performed using two different quantitative computed tomography techniques. Results: The obtained results show higher values of the volumetric bone mineral density of the trabecular bone in lumbar spine than in the cortical bone compartment. T-score and Z-score in this patient reached values of 27–28 and 31–32, respectively. Conclusions: The obtained densitometric data may serve for further diagnostic purposes of osteopetrosis. As documented, the severity of the osteosclerotic changes of bones were higher in this patient than in most other described cases. Moreover, radiological signs diagnosed in this patient were characteristic for all types of osteopetrosis making this case very uncommon.

Effect of spinal degenerative changes on volumetric bone mineral density of the central skeleton as measured by quantitative computed tomography

2005 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 269-275 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Guglielmi ◽  
I. Floriani ◽  
V. Torri ◽  
J. Li ◽  
C. van Kuijk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Lumbar Spine ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Vertebral Fractures ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Degenerative Changes ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
The Impact

Purpose: To evaluate the impact of degenerative changes due to osteoarthritis (OA) at the spine on volumetric bone mineral density (BMD) as measured by volumetric quantitative computed tomography (vQCT). Material and Methods: Eighty‐four elderly women (mean age 73±6 years), comprising 33 with vertebral fractures assessed by radiographs and 51 without vertebral fractures, were studied. Trabecular, cortical, and integral BMD were examined at the spine and hip using a helical CT scanner and were compared to dual X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA) measurements at the same sites. OA changes visible on the radiographs were categorized into two grades according to severity. Differences in BMD measures obtained in the two groups of patients defined by OA grade using the described radiologic methods were compared using analysis of variance. Standardized difference (effect sizes) was also compared between radiologic methods. Results: Spinal trabecular BMD did not differ significantly between OA grade 0 and OA grade 1. Spinal cortical and integral BMD measures showed statistically significant differences, as did the lumbar spine DXA BMD measurement (13%, P = 0.02). The QCT measurements at the hip were also higher in OA 1 subjects. Femoral trabecular BMD was 13–15% higher in OA grade 1 subjects than in OA grade 0 subjects. The cortical BMD measures in the CT_TOT_FEM and CT_TROCH ROI's were also higher in the OA 1 subjects. The integral QCT BMD measures in the hip showed difference between grades OA 1 and 0. The DXA measurements in the neck and trochanter ROI's showed smaller differences (9 and 11%, respectively). There were no statistically significant differences in bone size. Conclusion: There is no evidence supporting that trabecular BMD measurements by QCT are influenced by OA. Instead, degenerative changes have an effect on both cortical and integral QCT, and on DXA at the lumbar spine and the hip. For subjects with established OA, assessment of BMD by volumetric QCT may be suggested.

scholarly journals Effect of Primary Hyperparathyroidism on Volumetric Bone Mineral Density and Bone Geometry Assessed by Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography in Postmenopausal Women

2006 ◽  
Vol 91 (5) ◽  
pp. 1748-1753 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ioannis Charopoulos ◽  
Symeon Tournis ◽  
George Trovas ◽  
Panagiota Raptou ◽  
Philippos Kaldrymides ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Peripheral Quantitative Computed Tomography ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Strength Index ◽  
Mineral Density

Context: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PH) is characterized by inappropriate PTH elevation with or without hypercalcemia. Bone disease involves catabolic action at cortical sites, whereas cancellous sites and geometry might be relatively preserved. Objective: Our objective was to examine the effect of PH on quantitative and qualitative bone characteristics using peripheral quantitative computed tomography at the tibia in postmenopausal women with PH and healthy controls. Design and Setting: We conducted a cross-sectional study at a tertiary referral center. Patients: Fifty-two postmenopausal women with PH and 56 healthy controls, comparable for age and anthropometric measures, participated. Intervention: There was no intervention. Main Outcome Measure: We assessed volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD), bone mineral content (BMC), cortical thickness, cortical and trabecular area, peri- and endosteal circumference, and polar stress strength index assessed by peripheral quantitative computed tomography of the left tibia at 4% (cancellous), 14% (transition zone), and 38% (cortical) from the distal end. Results: At 4%, there was a significant decrease of trabecular BMC and vBMD (P &lt; 0.001), effect particularly evident in hypercalcemic patients, whereas trabecular area was comparable. At 38%, cortical BMC (P &lt; 0.01), vBMD (P &lt; 0.01), area (P &lt; 0.05), and thickness (P &lt; 0.001) were reduced in the PH group, particularly in hypercalcemic patients. Endosteal circumference increased (P &lt; 0.001), whereas periosteal circumference was comparable, indicating cancellization of cortical bone. At 14%, polar stress strength index was significantly decreased (P &lt; 0.01) in hypercalcemic patients, indicating impairment of bone mechanical properties. Conclusions: Normocalcemic PH is characterized by catabolic actions at both cortical and cancellous sites (38 and 4%, respectively), an effect accentuated in hypercalcemic patients. Cortical geometric properties are adversely affected even in normocalcemic patients, whereas trabecular properties are generally preserved.

scholarly journals Phantomless assessment of volumetric bone mineral density using virtual non-contrast images from spectral detector computed tomography

2020 ◽  
Vol 93 (1109) ◽  
pp. 20190992 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Zopfs ◽  
Simon Lennartz ◽  
Charlotte Zaeske ◽  
Martin Merkt ◽  
Kai Roman Laukamp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Contrast Enhancement ◽  
Bone Mineral ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Volumetric Bone Mineral Density ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Phase Images ◽  
Spectral Detector Ct ◽  
Venous Phase

Objective: To evaluate phantomless assessment of volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) based on virtual non-contrast images of arterial (VNCa) and venous phase (VNCv) derived from spectral detector CT in comparison to true non-contrast (TNC) images and adjusted venous phase conventional images (CIV(adjusted)). Methods: 104 consecutive patients who underwent triphasic spectral detector CT between January 2018 and April 2019 were retrospectively included. TNC, VNCa, VNCv and venous phase images (CIV) were reconstructed. vBMD was obtained by two radiologists using an FDA/CE-cleared software. Average vBMD of the first three lumbar vertebrae was determined in each reconstruction; vBMD of CIV was adjusted for contrast enhancement as suggested earlier. Results: vBMD values obtained from CIV(adjusted) are comparable to vBMD values derived from TNC images (91.79 ± 36.52 vs 90.16 ± 41.71 mg/cm3, p = 1.00); however, vBMD values derived from VNCa and VNCv (42.20 ± 22.50 and 41.98 ± 23.3 mg/cm3 respectively) were significantly lower as compared to vBMD values from TNC and CIV(adjusted) (all p ≤ 0.01). Conclusion: Spectral detector CT-derived virtual non-contrast images systematically underestimate vBMD and therefore should not be used without appropriate adjustments. Adjusted venous phase images provide reliable results and may be utilized for an opportunistic BMD screening in CT examinations. Advances in knowledge: Adjustments of venous phase images facilitate opportunistic assessment of vBMD, while spectral detector CT-derived VNC images systematically underestimate vBMD.

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